Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.2000301
Thalia E. Cruz-Machuca, Ricardo Palacios-Aguilar
ABSTRACT Alligator lizards of the genus Abronia are a clade of arboreal and terrestrial squamates distributed throughout much of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Here, we report a new record of the Mexican endemic A. martindelcampoi that represents the easternmost limit of the species and the lowest known elevational record. We briefly discuss the biogeographical hypotheses that have been proposed in the past concerning this and other related genera.
{"title":"A new distributional record for the Martin del Campo’s Arboreal Alligator Lizard (Abronia martindelcampoi) with comments on the biogeography of arboreal Alligator-lizards in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico","authors":"Thalia E. Cruz-Machuca, Ricardo Palacios-Aguilar","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.2000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.2000301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Alligator lizards of the genus Abronia are a clade of arboreal and terrestrial squamates distributed throughout much of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Here, we report a new record of the Mexican endemic A. martindelcampoi that represents the easternmost limit of the species and the lowest known elevational record. We briefly discuss the biogeographical hypotheses that have been proposed in the past concerning this and other related genera.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"503 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46199132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1964912
C. Nivelo-Villavicencio, Bruno Timbe, Pedro X. Astudillo
ABSTRACT The Haggard’s Big-eared Mouse (Phyllotis haggardi) is an endemic species from Ecuador. This species lives in the high Andean region where it is recorded with relative ease; however, very little is known about its ecology. This study presents for first time, observations made on its feeding behavior, on three species of herbaceous plants, specifically on flower resources in the herbaceous paramo ecosystem in southern Ecuador. The observed behavior showed that P. haggardi could behave as a pollinator of Xenophyllum humile in paramo environments.
{"title":"Observaciones de forrajeo en recursos florales por Phyllotis haggardi (Rodentia: Cricetidae) en un ecosistema de páramo al sur del Ecuador","authors":"C. Nivelo-Villavicencio, Bruno Timbe, Pedro X. Astudillo","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1964912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1964912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Haggard’s Big-eared Mouse (Phyllotis haggardi) is an endemic species from Ecuador. This species lives in the high Andean region where it is recorded with relative ease; however, very little is known about its ecology. This study presents for first time, observations made on its feeding behavior, on three species of herbaceous plants, specifically on flower resources in the herbaceous paramo ecosystem in southern Ecuador. The observed behavior showed that P. haggardi could behave as a pollinator of Xenophyllum humile in paramo environments.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"376 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47624213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1906137
G. Cuyckens, I. Hensen, V. López, J. M. Cellini, D. Renison
ABSTRACT In mountain ecosystems, temperature and precipitation change along elevation and determine the lower and upper limits of tree species which form forests. Early life performance of tree species has been assessed along elevational gradients as a proxy for several environmental variables. Here, we attempt to answer the following question: How does elevation provenance influence seed mass, viability, and germination of Queñoa (Polylepis spp.)? We worked with four species from two contrasting environments from northwest Argentina. We gathered seeds along elevation gradients, seeds were weighed, tested for viability (Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid; TTC) and germination percentage in a controlled environment. The analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). We found low germination percentages in all species, probably related to low seed viability. The two species from humid environments had lower seed mass and higher germination percentages than the two species from dry environments. The effect of elevational provenance negatively affected the germination of two species, while the other two species were not affected. We conclude that although the four species studied belong to the same genus, their early life characteristics differ between environments and along elevational gradients according to species. Trends regarding future temperatures suggest increases in germination for two of our study species and no effects on the other two species.
{"title":"Germination of high Andean treeline species of contrasting environments and along elevational gradients in northwest Argentina","authors":"G. Cuyckens, I. Hensen, V. López, J. M. Cellini, D. Renison","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1906137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1906137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In mountain ecosystems, temperature and precipitation change along elevation and determine the lower and upper limits of tree species which form forests. Early life performance of tree species has been assessed along elevational gradients as a proxy for several environmental variables. Here, we attempt to answer the following question: How does elevation provenance influence seed mass, viability, and germination of Queñoa (Polylepis spp.)? We worked with four species from two contrasting environments from northwest Argentina. We gathered seeds along elevation gradients, seeds were weighed, tested for viability (Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid; TTC) and germination percentage in a controlled environment. The analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). We found low germination percentages in all species, probably related to low seed viability. The two species from humid environments had lower seed mass and higher germination percentages than the two species from dry environments. The effect of elevational provenance negatively affected the germination of two species, while the other two species were not affected. We conclude that although the four species studied belong to the same genus, their early life characteristics differ between environments and along elevational gradients according to species. Trends regarding future temperatures suggest increases in germination for two of our study species and no effects on the other two species.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"111 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1906137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1943215
M. E. Rodríguez-López, Gibrán Sánchez-Hernández, B. Gómez
ABSTRACT Mammalian dung represents a primary feeding and reproductive resource for most dung beetle species. Competition for the trophic resource is common among the subfamily Scarabaeinae showing different habits depending on the quantity and quality of food available. In this study, we evaluated the dung of six species of mammal native to Chiapas (Mexico) as attractants for sampling dung beetles. The six species have different feeding habits (carnivores, herbivores and omnivores) and the feces used were obtained from Zoo animals fed a standard diet. Sampling efficiency was over 99% for each of the attractants. Tapirus bairdii feces attracted the highest abundance, while Canis latrans attracted the highest richness and diversity was higher in Procyon lotor. The captured species showed no affinity for a specific attractant, and differences in richness, abundance, diversity, and species composition between baits were largely non-significant. These results suggest that when food availability is high, Scarabaeinae assemblages maintain very abundant populations with generalists feeding habits. However, other aspects such as the quality and quantity (volume) of the food may be important when choosing a resource. Hence, the use of different types of attractants that meet these characteristics offers the possibility of improving results in the monitoring of dung beetle communities in tropical forests, allowing the capture of those inconspicuous or rare species that inhabit the landscape.
{"title":"Evaluación del estiércol de mamíferos nativos como potenciales atrayentes para el muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)","authors":"M. E. Rodríguez-López, Gibrán Sánchez-Hernández, B. Gómez","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1943215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1943215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mammalian dung represents a primary feeding and reproductive resource for most dung beetle species. Competition for the trophic resource is common among the subfamily Scarabaeinae showing different habits depending on the quantity and quality of food available. In this study, we evaluated the dung of six species of mammal native to Chiapas (Mexico) as attractants for sampling dung beetles. The six species have different feeding habits (carnivores, herbivores and omnivores) and the feces used were obtained from Zoo animals fed a standard diet. Sampling efficiency was over 99% for each of the attractants. Tapirus bairdii feces attracted the highest abundance, while Canis latrans attracted the highest richness and diversity was higher in Procyon lotor. The captured species showed no affinity for a specific attractant, and differences in richness, abundance, diversity, and species composition between baits were largely non-significant. These results suggest that when food availability is high, Scarabaeinae assemblages maintain very abundant populations with generalists feeding habits. However, other aspects such as the quality and quantity (volume) of the food may be important when choosing a resource. Hence, the use of different types of attractants that meet these characteristics offers the possibility of improving results in the monitoring of dung beetle communities in tropical forests, allowing the capture of those inconspicuous or rare species that inhabit the landscape.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"341 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1943215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48344270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1986329
G. Morera, S. Lupo, S. Alaniz, G. Robledo
ABSTRACT Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that includes a great diversity of species. Many of them have been historically described based only on morphological characteristics; however, due to their morphological plasticity, there is no complete understanding about their relationship and taxonomic status. Commonly applied names, particularly in the southern Neotropics, come from species of North Hemisphere distribution (e.g. G. lucidum, G. resinaceum and G. applanatum). The objective of the present work was to perform a survey of Ganoderma species thriving in Uruguay. We aimed to identify and characterize them through molecular, morphological and ecological analysis. The results confirm the presence of four reddish laccate species first registered for Uruguay (G. dorsale, G. platense, G. martinicense and G. mexicanum), and one non-laccate species (G. australe s.l.) composed of two clades. The species are morphologically differentiated mainly by its stipe, pilear surface, context, pores, basidiospores and cutis cells. Regarding the ecological data, the species present differences in substrate preferences. In addition, a taxonomic discussion regarding phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Uruguayan Ganoderma species is presented.
{"title":"Diversity of the Ganoderma species in Uruguay","authors":"G. Morera, S. Lupo, S. Alaniz, G. Robledo","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1986329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1986329","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that includes a great diversity of species. Many of them have been historically described based only on morphological characteristics; however, due to their morphological plasticity, there is no complete understanding about their relationship and taxonomic status. Commonly applied names, particularly in the southern Neotropics, come from species of North Hemisphere distribution (e.g. G. lucidum, G. resinaceum and G. applanatum). The objective of the present work was to perform a survey of Ganoderma species thriving in Uruguay. We aimed to identify and characterize them through molecular, morphological and ecological analysis. The results confirm the presence of four reddish laccate species first registered for Uruguay (G. dorsale, G. platense, G. martinicense and G. mexicanum), and one non-laccate species (G. australe s.l.) composed of two clades. The species are morphologically differentiated mainly by its stipe, pilear surface, context, pores, basidiospores and cutis cells. Regarding the ecological data, the species present differences in substrate preferences. In addition, a taxonomic discussion regarding phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Uruguayan Ganoderma species is presented.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"570 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1964913
L. P. Giraldo, J. F. Blanco-Libreros, J. Chará
ABSTRACT Riparian forests provide high amounts of leaf litter to tropical headwater streams (1–3 order) and its decomposition is controlled by interactions between leaf quality and macroinvertebrate activity. However, few studies have been conducted in North Andean streams. We conducted a leaf litter decomposition experiment using three native tree species (Heliocarpus americanus, Nectandra sp., and Cecropia telealba) in two headwater streams in the Colombian Coffee-growing Eco-Region. The interactive roles of intrinsic factors (quality) and extrinsic factors (presence/absence of macroinvertebrates) on decomposition rates were tested. Three single-species treatments, a species-mixture treatment, and an artificial substrate treatment were incubated in either coarse-pore mesh or fine-pore mesh bags to allow or exclude macroinvertebrate colonization, respectively. Bags were removed from the streams 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after starting the study. Toughness and chemical quality of senescent leaves of each species were determined in order to test their effect on the decomposition rates. The k-values for the three single-species and the species-mixture treatments indicated that decomposition occurred at medium to fast rates (0.009–0.01 day−1). H. americanus showed the greatest mass loss at the end of the trial, followed by C. telealba and Nectandra sp. Leaf toughness was positively correlated with carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C: N) and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C: P) and, in turn, the three characteristics were negatively correlated with breakdown rate. A total of 3876 individuals from 13 orders, 35 families, and 47 genera colonized leaf-litter bags. Chironomidae, Lumbriculidae, and Hydropsychidae were the families with the highest abundance. The abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates in the leaf-litter bags showed no correlation with the descriptors of intrinsic characteristics (leaf quality). These results indicate that among the three tree-species in the study, the intrinsic characteristics of senescent leaves determine their mass loss rates, while the macroinvertebrate abundance or richness play a secondary role, probably due to the fact that shredders were not abundant.
{"title":"Controles extrínsecos e intrínsecos en la descomposición de hojas de tres especies de árboles pioneros comunes en quebradas de bajo orden en los Andes Centrales de Colombia","authors":"L. P. Giraldo, J. F. Blanco-Libreros, J. Chará","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1964913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1964913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Riparian forests provide high amounts of leaf litter to tropical headwater streams (1–3 order) and its decomposition is controlled by interactions between leaf quality and macroinvertebrate activity. However, few studies have been conducted in North Andean streams. We conducted a leaf litter decomposition experiment using three native tree species (Heliocarpus americanus, Nectandra sp., and Cecropia telealba) in two headwater streams in the Colombian Coffee-growing Eco-Region. The interactive roles of intrinsic factors (quality) and extrinsic factors (presence/absence of macroinvertebrates) on decomposition rates were tested. Three single-species treatments, a species-mixture treatment, and an artificial substrate treatment were incubated in either coarse-pore mesh or fine-pore mesh bags to allow or exclude macroinvertebrate colonization, respectively. Bags were removed from the streams 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after starting the study. Toughness and chemical quality of senescent leaves of each species were determined in order to test their effect on the decomposition rates. The k-values for the three single-species and the species-mixture treatments indicated that decomposition occurred at medium to fast rates (0.009–0.01 day−1). H. americanus showed the greatest mass loss at the end of the trial, followed by C. telealba and Nectandra sp. Leaf toughness was positively correlated with carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C: N) and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C: P) and, in turn, the three characteristics were negatively correlated with breakdown rate. A total of 3876 individuals from 13 orders, 35 families, and 47 genera colonized leaf-litter bags. Chironomidae, Lumbriculidae, and Hydropsychidae were the families with the highest abundance. The abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates in the leaf-litter bags showed no correlation with the descriptors of intrinsic characteristics (leaf quality). These results indicate that among the three tree-species in the study, the intrinsic characteristics of senescent leaves determine their mass loss rates, while the macroinvertebrate abundance or richness play a secondary role, probably due to the fact that shredders were not abundant.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"392 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41831209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1938888
A. Pazmiño-Palomino, Roberto Andreocci, Diego J. Inclán
ABSTRACT Horse flies from the Neotropical region include many endemic and rarely collected groups. In this study, we describe a new species of a poorly known genus, Acanthocera (Querbetia) buestani, from Napo, Ecuador. The Querbetia subgenus is underrepresented in entomological collections by scarce historical specimens, still this group is one of the most easily recognizable and peculiar Tabanidae thanks to its inflated antennomere. This new species can be distinguished by its proboscis and palpi, longer than the other species of the subgenus Querbetia and body coloration pattern. We included an illustrative key to identify this subgenus and its species. Additionally, we report for the first time A. inopinata from Ecuador.
{"title":"Acanthocera buestani a new species of rare wasp-like horsefly, with notes on the subgenus Querbetia from Ecuador","authors":"A. Pazmiño-Palomino, Roberto Andreocci, Diego J. Inclán","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1938888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1938888","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Horse flies from the Neotropical region include many endemic and rarely collected groups. In this study, we describe a new species of a poorly known genus, Acanthocera (Querbetia) buestani, from Napo, Ecuador. The Querbetia subgenus is underrepresented in entomological collections by scarce historical specimens, still this group is one of the most easily recognizable and peculiar Tabanidae thanks to its inflated antennomere. This new species can be distinguished by its proboscis and palpi, longer than the other species of the subgenus Querbetia and body coloration pattern. We included an illustrative key to identify this subgenus and its species. Additionally, we report for the first time A. inopinata from Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"198 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1938888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1971041
Ana García Cegarra, Cristina Castro, K. Van Waerebeek
ABSTRACT Humpback whales perform long migrations from their breeding and nursing areas at low latitudes to feeding grounds at high latitudes. Nonetheless, this strictly dichotomous paradigm of migration is challenged by accumulating examples of occasional or regular feeding at low latitudes for several stocks worldwide. Here, we report multiple evidences of “Stock G” humpback whales feeding in coastal waters, at low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Lunge feeding behavior and defecation were observed in Ecuador, while both lunge- and trap feeding in pursuit of Peruvian anchovy was documented in northern Chile. A photographically re-sighted individual feeding at different latitudes of Chile suggested potential site fidelity to two foraging areas. Whether these feeding behaviours are novel due to changes in prey distribution, intensifying competition from a growing humpback whale population, or simply reflect vastly increased research effort remains unknown. Further research into the feeding ecology of Stock G should help reveal historic and potentially new feeding grounds, prey composition and precise migration paths. Competition from anchovy fisheries, vessel collision and net entanglement are suspected threats.
{"title":"Feeding of humpback whales in low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean","authors":"Ana García Cegarra, Cristina Castro, K. Van Waerebeek","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1971041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1971041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Humpback whales perform long migrations from their breeding and nursing areas at low latitudes to feeding grounds at high latitudes. Nonetheless, this strictly dichotomous paradigm of migration is challenged by accumulating examples of occasional or regular feeding at low latitudes for several stocks worldwide. Here, we report multiple evidences of “Stock G” humpback whales feeding in coastal waters, at low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Lunge feeding behavior and defecation were observed in Ecuador, while both lunge- and trap feeding in pursuit of Peruvian anchovy was documented in northern Chile. A photographically re-sighted individual feeding at different latitudes of Chile suggested potential site fidelity to two foraging areas. Whether these feeding behaviours are novel due to changes in prey distribution, intensifying competition from a growing humpback whale population, or simply reflect vastly increased research effort remains unknown. Further research into the feeding ecology of Stock G should help reveal historic and potentially new feeding grounds, prey composition and precise migration paths. Competition from anchovy fisheries, vessel collision and net entanglement are suspected threats.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"421 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48426732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1906138
Joselin Carolina Caiza Guamba, D. Corredor, C. Galárraga, Jean Pierre Herdoiza, Michelle Santillán, M. C. Segovia-Salcedo
ABSTRACT In Ecuador, there is a progressive loss of the native forest. To mitigate these problems, several reforestation plans have been carried out in the country. To recover the Andean forest, Polylepis racemosa was introduced from Peru, due to its similarity to native species like Polylepis incana. This genus fulfills important ecological functions that help mitigate the effects of local climate change. However, reforestation of introduced species close to natural populations threatens the genetic diversity of Polylepis native forests. In the long term, it can trigger hybridization processes and create problems for ecosystem conservation. This study used geometry morphometric (GM), to differentiate species quickly and economically, using the form of leaves, stomata, flowers, and pollen of P. incana and P. racemosa in three populations: Illinizas Ecological Reserve, Mojanda Lagoons and Cayambe-Coca National Park. To obtain the data, the composite leaves were scanned, the stomata and pollen were photographed with an increase of 400× and on flowers with 100×. 15, 10, 12, and 9 landmarks (LM) were digitized for leaves, stomata, flowers, and pollen, respectively, using ImageJ software. Then, the shape variables and statistical analysis were performed in MorphoJ software. As a result, it was obtained that the discriminant function analysis (DFA) shows that leaves and flowers can be used as indicators to differentiate species from this genus, discarding stomata and pollen. After that, Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of leaves and flowers showed that reforested species jointly are separated into two different species; except for the flowers of the population of Mojanda, where there is an intersection of few individuals, which share similar phenotypic characteristics so they can be considered as potentially hybrid individuals. This study generates information on the location of species introduced inside and outside the National System of Protected Areas that threaten the Andean highlands. Finally, GM is an accessible tool for monitoring biodiversity through morphological characteristics and discriminating against species with complex taxonomic problems.
{"title":"Geometry morphometrics of plant structures as a phenotypic tool to differentiate Polylepis incana Kunth. and Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav. reforested jointly in Ecuador","authors":"Joselin Carolina Caiza Guamba, D. Corredor, C. Galárraga, Jean Pierre Herdoiza, Michelle Santillán, M. C. Segovia-Salcedo","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1906138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1906138","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Ecuador, there is a progressive loss of the native forest. To mitigate these problems, several reforestation plans have been carried out in the country. To recover the Andean forest, Polylepis racemosa was introduced from Peru, due to its similarity to native species like Polylepis incana. This genus fulfills important ecological functions that help mitigate the effects of local climate change. However, reforestation of introduced species close to natural populations threatens the genetic diversity of Polylepis native forests. In the long term, it can trigger hybridization processes and create problems for ecosystem conservation. This study used geometry morphometric (GM), to differentiate species quickly and economically, using the form of leaves, stomata, flowers, and pollen of P. incana and P. racemosa in three populations: Illinizas Ecological Reserve, Mojanda Lagoons and Cayambe-Coca National Park. To obtain the data, the composite leaves were scanned, the stomata and pollen were photographed with an increase of 400× and on flowers with 100×. 15, 10, 12, and 9 landmarks (LM) were digitized for leaves, stomata, flowers, and pollen, respectively, using ImageJ software. Then, the shape variables and statistical analysis were performed in MorphoJ software. As a result, it was obtained that the discriminant function analysis (DFA) shows that leaves and flowers can be used as indicators to differentiate species from this genus, discarding stomata and pollen. After that, Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of leaves and flowers showed that reforested species jointly are separated into two different species; except for the flowers of the population of Mojanda, where there is an intersection of few individuals, which share similar phenotypic characteristics so they can be considered as potentially hybrid individuals. This study generates information on the location of species introduced inside and outside the National System of Protected Areas that threaten the Andean highlands. Finally, GM is an accessible tool for monitoring biodiversity through morphological characteristics and discriminating against species with complex taxonomic problems.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"121 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1906138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48440238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.2000295
E. F. Dorado-Roncancio, Johanna Medellín-Mora, J. E. Mancera-Pineda
ABSTRACT Seven oceanographic expeditions were carried out between 2013 and 2018 to explore the taxonomic diversity and ecological attributes of copepods of the Caribbean Oceanic Ecoregion (CAO). One hundred and forty zooplankton samples were collected in four depth ranges, between 0 and 1000 m depth. A total of 133 species were identified, 33 of which are new records for the Colombian Caribbean Sea and 50 species have amplified their geographical distribution. This information increasing the list of species of marine copepods recorded for the Colombian Caribbean Sea from 214 to 247 species. Carnivorous species (32.33%) and herbivorous-omnivorous species (27.06%) were the most important trophic guilds in the CAO ecoregion, due to the fact that it is an oligotrophic system that presents low productivity where regenerated production can occur. This study obtained relevant information on the richness and diversity of copepods in the offshore system, providing key information to describe the ecological processes and increase knowledge in this important taxonomic group.
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