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Preliminary results in under-ice acoustic navigation for seagliders in Davis Strait 戴维斯海峡滑翔机冰下声学导航的初步结果
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003070
Sarah E. Webster, Craig M. Lee, J. Gobat
This paper presents an under-ice acoustic navigation system developed for Seaglider, a buoyancy-driven autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and post-processed navigation results from one of fourteen glider deployments between 2006 and 2014 in Davis Strait. Seagliders typically receive all geolocation information from global positioning system (GPS) signals received while they are at the surface, and perform dead reckoning while underwater. Extended under-ice deployments, where access to GPS is denied due to the inability of the glider to surface, require an alternative source of geolocation information. In the deployments described herein, geolocation information is provided by range measurements from mooring-mounted acoustic navigation sources at fixed, known locations. In this paper we describe the navigation system used in Davis Strait and present navigation results from a six degree-of-freedom Kalman filter using post-processed navigation data.
本文介绍了为浮力驱动的自主水下航行器(AUV) Seaglider开发的冰下声学导航系统,以及2006年至2014年间在戴维斯海峡部署的14架滑翔机之一的后处理导航结果。滑翔机通常在水面上接收全球定位系统(GPS)信号的所有地理位置信息,并在水下进行航位推算。由于滑翔机无法浮出水面,在冰下部署时,无法使用GPS,因此需要另一种地理位置信息来源。在本文描述的部署中,地理位置信息是通过固定已知位置的系泊声导航源的距离测量提供的。本文描述了在戴维斯海峡中使用的导航系统,并给出了利用后处理的导航数据进行六自由度卡尔曼滤波的导航结果。
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引用次数: 24
Development of a new autonomous underwater moored mobile profiler 新型自主水下系泊移动剖面仪的研制
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003219
J. Singleton, R. Bachmayer, B. de Young
Observation of the ocean environment is key to attaining the knowledge and understanding required to predict its evolving state and to respond to its condition. However, manned observation and collection of high resolution oceanographic data over long periods of time is both expensive and hazardous. Various autonomous profiling platforms have been developed to address the issue but there still exists the opportunity to develop efficient, robust, and reliable, low cost platforms to provide the data. In this paper we present the development of a new autonomous profiling system for areas along the continental shelf. The proposed design is a moored vehicle that will profile the water column by controlling the predetermined ascent/descent routine of an instrumentation payload though the use of a buoyancy engine. One of its unique features is the use of a subsea mooring to secure the profiler while still providing the ability to profile the entire water column and make a telemetry link. The profiler has two modes of dynamic behavior during its profile. One mode is similar to that of a profiler which follows a mooring line, while the other mode is similar to a winched profiler.
对海洋环境的观察是获得预测其演变状态和对其状况作出反应所需的知识和理解的关键。然而,长时间的人工观测和高分辨率海洋学数据的收集既昂贵又危险。已经开发了各种自主分析平台来解决这个问题,但仍然存在开发高效、强大、可靠、低成本的平台来提供数据的机会。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的自主剖面系统沿大陆架地区的发展。拟议的设计是一种系泊车辆,通过使用浮力引擎,通过控制仪器有效载荷的预定上升/下降程序来绘制水柱。其独特的特点之一是使用海底系泊来固定剖面仪,同时仍然提供整个水柱的剖面和遥测连接的能力。分析器在其分析过程中有两种动态行为模式。一种模式类似于跟随系泊线的分析器,而另一种模式类似于绞车分析器。
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引用次数: 2
Information theory based sensor surveillance
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003243
Arnaud Jaegler, Gilles Gaonach
Hydrophones phase and gain dispersions have a deep impact on conventional beampatterns of line arrays, by affecting the sidelobe level. Indeed, high sidelobe levels threaten the detection of weak sources in the presence of strong jammers. Sensors failures are even more critical. Sensors surveillance algorithms are therefore essential to the array performances. They often consist in selecting valid sensors whose power spectral densities are close to a certain estimated mean within a certain fixed or estimated standard deviation. These statistics estimations first take the assumption of no sensors failures, and require parameters settings. After having recalled the impact of sensors dispersions and sensors failures on conventional beampatterns, parameter free sensors surveillance algorithms are proposed. They are based on information criteria, such as Stochastic Complexity Minimization or Akaike Information Criteria. These sensors selection methods are compared to the more traditional methods described above on synthetic data and sea trial signals.
水听器的相位和增益色散通过影响旁瓣电平对线阵列的传统波束方向有很大的影响。事实上,在强干扰机存在的情况下,高旁瓣电平威胁到弱信号源的检测。传感器故障更为关键。因此,传感器监视算法对阵列性能至关重要。它们通常包括选择有效的传感器,其功率谱密度在某个固定或估计的标准差内接近某个估计的平均值。这些统计估计首先假设没有传感器故障,并且需要参数设置。在回顾了传感器色散和传感器故障对传统波束方向的影响后,提出了无参数传感器监测算法。它们基于信息标准,如随机复杂性最小化或赤池信息标准。在综合数据和海试信号的基础上,与传统的传感器选择方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Current meter performance with CF2 controller 电流表性能与CF2控制器
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003198
A. Williams
Testing and calibrating a current meter is part of bringing a new design into production. The opportunity to demonstrate this has been provided by the re-engining of the acoustic differential travel-time current meter, MAVS (Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor) [1]. In 2012, the supplier of the controller used by MAVS announced End of Life for their product. A search for a suitable replacement took a year, and in summer 2013, the CF2 by Persistor [2] was selected. The interface board to adapt the CF2 to the footprint of its predecessor on the MAVS mother board was designed in midsummer 2013 and laid out in the fall of 2013. Circuit boards were etched in late fall of 2013 and the first prototype was tested in January 2014. A significant trial of the interface board was to adapt the 3.3v CF2 to the 5v logic of MAVS with minimum impact on the well-tested and validated MAVS. This required level shifter circuits for both up shifting and down shifting on the interface board. These were tested without the new code required to run the program of measurement. Power switching imposes another constraint since it is necessary to turn off the 5v logic between measurement bursts while the 3.3v CF2 is still running. An up shifter circuit requires that the output never be lower voltage than the input but without the 5v logic powered there is an issue, solved for now by a voltage limiting Schottky diode to protect the up shifter when powered down. The consequences on the powered down 5v logic have yet to be tested.
测试和校准电流表是将新设计投入生产的一部分。声学差分走时电流计MAVS(模块化声速传感器)的重新设计为证明这一点提供了机会[1]。2012年,MAVS使用的控制器的供应商宣布其产品的使用寿命结束。寻找合适的替代品花了一年的时间,并在2013年夏季,选择了Persistor[2]的CF2。接口板使CF2适应其前身在MAVS主板上的足迹是在2013年仲夏设计的,并在2013年秋季布局。电路板于2013年秋末蚀刻,首个原型于2014年1月进行了测试。接口板的一项重要试验是使3.3v CF2适应MAVS的5v逻辑,同时对经过充分测试和验证的MAVS影响最小。这就需要在接口板上进行上移和下移的电平转换电路。这些测试没有运行测量程序所需的新代码。电源开关施加了另一个约束,因为有必要在3.3v CF2仍在运行时关闭测量爆发之间的5v逻辑。上移器电路要求输出电压永远不会低于输入电压,但没有5v逻辑供电存在一个问题,目前由电压限制肖特基二极管解决,以保护下电时的上移器。对断电5v逻辑的影响还有待测试。
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引用次数: 4
Software configurable smart ports in seafloor networks 软件可配置的智能端口在海底网络
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003226
S. Williams, R. Pomerleau, R. Hasanen
The next generation smart port power supply has been designed to provide new features and improved performance. These ports allow for the software based configuration of instrument port voltages and communications protocols providing the greatest possible flexibility in instrument to junction box interfacing. This article describes the benefits of the software configurable smart port implementation discussed in [1]. Next generation improvements made to the line insulation monitor, in-line noise filtering and power supply efficiency based off lessons learned and feedback on the initial NEPTUNE project are also discussed.
下一代智能端口电源的设计提供了新的功能和改进的性能。这些端口允许基于软件的仪器端口电压和通信协议配置,提供仪器到接线盒接口的最大可能的灵活性。本文描述了[1]中讨论的软件可配置智能端口实现的好处。根据吸取的经验教训和对初始NEPTUNE项目的反馈,还讨论了对线路绝缘监测器、在线噪声滤波和电源效率的下一代改进。
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引用次数: 1
Multi-mission underwater vehicle “OTOHIME” and its control system 多任务水下航行器“OTOHIME”及其控制系统
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003173
S. Ishibashi, Y. Ota, H. Yoshida, M. Sugesawa, F. Fan
JAMSTEC developed some new underwater vehicles. One of them is “OTOHIME”. Because it was designed as a multi-mission type, it has not only the cruising ability but also the working ability through its skid is exchanged or desorbed. In order it to perform various missions, its control system was newly developed as a multi-CPU control unit. The control system is mainly composed of seven CPUs and they are connected to each other with an Ether-network. And each CPU executes some different processes and controls some different devices which are installed into it, respectively. Thus the control system can realize the load distribution of a CPU, the trouble detection of the system, the function compensation and the self-restoration owing to the information sharing applying the Ether-network. Now, sea trials were carried out in order to verify the performance of some new technologies which have been already applied into it. And then the utility of the control system was also confirmed.
JAMSTEC开发了一些新的水下航行器。其中之一是“OTOHIME”。由于其设计为多任务型,它不仅具有巡航能力,而且通过其滑块的交换或解吸具有工作能力。为了执行各种任务,它的控制系统被新开发为一个多cpu控制单元。控制系统主要由7个cpu组成,它们之间通过以太网相互连接。每个CPU执行不同的进程,并分别控制安装在其中的不同设备。通过以太网的信息共享,控制系统可以实现CPU的负载分配、系统故障检测、功能补偿和自恢复。目前正在进行海试,以验证一些已应用于该船的新技术的性能。并对控制系统的实用性进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Cost-effective geotechnical and sedimentological early site assessment for ocean renewable energies 具有成本效益的海洋可再生能源岩土和沉积学早期场地评估
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003004
N. Stark, A. Hay, Greg Trowse
Soil mechanical properties of the seabed are related to a number of challenges in the development of ocean renewable energy. Early site assessment is an important part of the development of an ocean renewable energy project, and soil mechanical and sediment dynamical site characteristics should already be addressed at this stage. However, the suitability of the site for the installation of a ocean renewable energy converter (OREC) is still under evaluation and budgets are often strongly limited at this stage of the project. It follows that there is a need for cost-efficient survey strategies. Different methods have been tested in a tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, and a wave energy project in Yakutat, Alaska. Camera systems displayed sediment type, abundance of rocks, plants and small-scale bedforms. Portable free-fall penetrometers were deployed for testing of sediment strength and stratification at the uppermost seafloor. Areas of different sediment strength were identified, and loose, poorly compacted sediment layers quantified. Additionally, rocks and bedrock faces which were covered by a thin sediment layer and remained undetected by seafloor imaging sonars and grab samples, were found. Buried pressure sensors were used in preliminary experiments to monitor pore pressure variations with wave forcing and test the susceptibility to sediment liquefaction. First surveys using these methods attested that they deliver valuable information with regard to sediment and soil mechanical characteristics, while being deployable from local small fishery or harbor authority vessels. Availability of such vessels and devices is high, while purchasing/renting costs are rather low. This allows to perform such tests very cost-effectively, and thus provides a promising strategy for early site assessment in ocean structure engineering before larger budgets are available.
海底土壤力学特性涉及到海洋可再生能源开发中的诸多挑战。早期场地评估是海洋可再生能源项目开发的重要组成部分,土壤力学和泥沙动力场地特征在这一阶段就应该得到解决。然而,该地点是否适合安装海洋可再生能源转换器(OREC)仍在评估中,而且在项目的这个阶段,预算往往受到严格限制。因此,需要有成本效益高的调查战略。不同的方法已经在加拿大芬迪湾的潮汐能源项目和阿拉斯加雅库特的波浪能源项目中进行了测试。摄像系统显示了沉积物类型、丰富的岩石、植物和小规模的河床。便携式自由落体穿透仪用于测试最上层海底的沉积物强度和分层。确定了不同泥沙强度的区域,并对松散、压实不良的沉积层进行了量化。此外,还发现了被薄沉积层覆盖的岩石和基岩面,这些岩石和基岩面仍未被海底成像声纳和抓取样本检测到。在初步试验中,采用埋地压力传感器监测孔隙压力随波浪强迫的变化,并测试对沉积物液化的敏感性。使用这些方法进行的首次调查证明,它们提供了关于沉积物和土壤机械特性的宝贵信息,同时可以从当地小型渔业或港务局的船只上部署。这种船只和设备的可用性很高,而购买/租赁成本相当低。这使得进行此类测试非常经济有效,因此在获得更多预算之前,为海洋结构工程的早期现场评估提供了一种有希望的策略。
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引用次数: 16
Understanding interference by cognitive nodes: The underwater case 通过认知节点理解干扰:水下案例
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003192
M. Biagi, S. Rinauro, S. Colonnese, R. Cusani, G. Scarano
In this paper we investigate how to rephrase the concepts of cognitive access, originally developed for radio communications, in the framework of underwater acoustic communications. Differently from classical cognitive radio access, where each signal at the receiver is generated by a communication source, in the underwater scenario acoustic signals at the general receive node are likely to be due to communication source as well as natural/artificial acoustic sources (e.g mammals, ship engines and so forth). In order to maximize the access probability for cognitive acoustic nodes, we then focus on understanding the nature of the sensed interference via the tools of image classification, being the image the spectrogram of the acquired signal.
在本文中,我们研究了如何在水声通信的框架中重新表述最初为无线电通信开发的认知访问概念。与传统的认知无线电接入不同,接收机处的每个信号都是由一个通信源产生的,在水下场景中,一般接收节点的声信号可能是由通信源以及自然/人工声源(如哺乳动物、船舶发动机等)产生的。为了最大限度地提高认知声学节点的访问概率,我们将重点放在通过图像分类工具理解感知干扰的性质上,将图像作为获取信号的频谱图。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of damping on variable added mass and lift of circular cylinders in vortex-induced vibrations 涡激振动中阻尼对圆柱变附加质量和升力的影响
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003253
E. M. Garcia, C. Chang, Hongrae Park, M. Bernitsas
For many decades now, the idea of Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) being modeled as a lock-in phenomenon of a mass-spring-dashpot system with an ideal added mass term has prevailed. In 2000, it was suggested by Vikestad et al. [1] that VIV may be modeled as a resonance phenomenon with variable natural frequency due to a variable added-mass term. In this paper, the variable added-mass approach is used for analysis of VIV at various added damping values. Additionally, Vandiver's damping coefficient c* is used [2] to correlate damping to lift. The findings are that: 1. The oscillation frequency is in unity with the mean of the natural frequency with variable added mass for each period of oscillation during VIV lock-in no matter the damping value. 2. The time-averaged variable added mass coefficient is shown to vary with an increasing damping coefficient, where below a reduced velocity of approximately seven, increased damping indicates increased added mass. After a reduced velocity of approximately seven, however, increased damping results in decreased added mass. 3. Vandiver's damping coefficient c* plotted against the nondimensional amplitude follows very closely to c*A/D = max lift coefficient = square root of 0.79 [3]. A handful of cases did exceed square root of 0.79 but only marginally.
几十年来,将涡激振动(VIV)建模为具有理想附加质量项的质量-弹簧-阻尼器系统的锁定现象的观点一直盛行。2000年,Vikestad等人[1]提出,由于附加质量项的变化,涡动可能被建模为具有可变固有频率的共振现象。本文采用变附加质量法对不同附加阻尼值下的涡激振动进行了分析。此外,采用Vandiver阻尼系数c*[2]将阻尼与升力关联起来。研究结果是:1。无论阻尼值如何,振动频率与变附加质量下振动周期的固有频率均值一致。2. 时间平均可变附加质量系数随阻尼系数的增加而变化,其中在降低速度约为7的情况下,阻尼的增加表明附加质量的增加。然而,在速度降低约7之后,阻尼的增加导致附加质量的减少。3.Vandiver的阻尼系数c*与无因次振幅的关系非常接近于c*A/D =最大升力系数=根号0.79[3]。少数情况确实超过了0.79的平方根,但只是略微超过了平方根。
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引用次数: 14
Toward informative planning for cooperative underwater localization 面向协同水下定位的信息规划
Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2014.7003099
Jeffrey M. Walls, R. Eustice
This paper reports on an algorithm for planning a practical trajectory for a surface vehicle that provides range measurements to an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). We consider server-client cooperative localization in which a server vehicle provides relative range constraints to minimize the uncertainty of a client vehicle. Our approach assumes the nominal client mission plan is available and draws potential server trajectories from a set of parameterized trajectory classes. We provide a comparative evaluation over several simulations, for both a single client and multiple clients, demonstrating that our algorithm computes operationally practical server paths and performs well relative to existing planning frameworks.
本文报道了一种为自主水下航行器(AUV)提供距离测量的水面航行器实际弹道规划算法。我们考虑服务器-客户端协作定位,其中服务器车辆提供相对距离约束以最小化客户端车辆的不确定性。我们的方法假设名义客户任务计划是可用的,并从一组参数化的轨迹类中绘制潜在的服务器轨迹。我们为单个客户端和多个客户端提供了几个模拟的比较评估,证明我们的算法计算操作上实用的服务器路径,并且相对于现有的规划框架表现良好。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2014 Oceans - St. John's
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