Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692978
L. Calarge, A. Pantet, P. Monnet
ABSTRACT Bentonite is a complex clayey material used in civil engineering. Indeed the components and the formation modes are variable (hydrothermal or supergene). We propose to compare the filtration properties and the mechanical behaviour for a natural bentonite (from Uruguay, mineralogically well studied) and their two activated bentonites, one with laboratory test and the other from industrial process to analyse the effect of the cationic exchange. It must be distinguished natural and industrial bentonites. The responses are completely different, depending highly the applied treatment.
{"title":"Réponses mécaniques d'une suspension de bentonite activée","authors":"L. Calarge, A. Pantet, P. Monnet","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692978","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bentonite is a complex clayey material used in civil engineering. Indeed the components and the formation modes are variable (hydrothermal or supergene). We propose to compare the filtration properties and the mechanical behaviour for a natural bentonite (from Uruguay, mineralogically well studied) and their two activated bentonites, one with laboratory test and the other from industrial process to analyse the effect of the cationic exchange. It must be distinguished natural and industrial bentonites. The responses are completely different, depending highly the applied treatment.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116435214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692982
Robert Péralès, M. Vinches, C. Bohatier
ABSTRACT After a presentation of the difficulties attached to the masonries modelling and the references concerning the Non Smooth Contact Dynamics method, two real civil engineering structures are presented. They have the peculiar features of a post-stressing use, and the modelling of a Roman bridge, with thousands of three-dimensional blocks, representing the original stone course.
{"title":"Modélisation par éléments discrets d'ouvrages 3D en génie civil","authors":"Robert Péralès, M. Vinches, C. Bohatier","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After a presentation of the difficulties attached to the masonries modelling and the references concerning the Non Smooth Contact Dynamics method, two real civil engineering structures are presented. They have the peculiar features of a post-stressing use, and the modelling of a Roman bridge, with thousands of three-dimensional blocks, representing the original stone course.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122369656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692983
J. Mindeguia, H. Carré, P. Pimienta, C. La Borderie
ABSTRACT Exposure to high temperatures strongly modifies the behaviour of concrete. To increase the level of safety for concrete structures in the event of fire, design calculations have to take into account the dependence of the mechanical properties with temperature. A device has been developed at the CSTB in order to measure radial strains of a concrete sample under hot mechanical tests. We present the principles of this new tool and the validation tests. The experimental limits of the device, concerning the hot transient tests, are also mentioned. At last, we present the results of hot compression and hot creep tests carried out on an ordinary concrete.
{"title":"A new experimental device for assessing the radial strains of concrete at high temperatures","authors":"J. Mindeguia, H. Carré, P. Pimienta, C. La Borderie","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exposure to high temperatures strongly modifies the behaviour of concrete. To increase the level of safety for concrete structures in the event of fire, design calculations have to take into account the dependence of the mechanical properties with temperature. A device has been developed at the CSTB in order to measure radial strains of a concrete sample under hot mechanical tests. We present the principles of this new tool and the validation tests. The experimental limits of the device, concerning the hot transient tests, are also mentioned. At last, we present the results of hot compression and hot creep tests carried out on an ordinary concrete.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116273268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692987
F. Martin, R. Desmorat
ABSTRACT A damage model is proposed to model ground loss of confinement around an underground excavation and apply it to the convergence-confinement method. The constitutive law is based, on the one hand on a continuous evolution of a damage scalar variable and, on the other hand, on a progressive closure of porosity with the volumetric deformation. This law makes it possible to directly couple the stiffness with the hydrostatic pressure around the cavity in dry grounds, as often observed in situ. Identification of parameters is carried out by the means of triaxial tests. An application with the convergence-confinenment method hypothesis is finally proposed for a deep tunnel bored in sandstone.
{"title":"Modèle d'endommagement avec refermeture de la porosité pour le calcul des ouvrages souterrains","authors":"F. Martin, R. Desmorat","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A damage model is proposed to model ground loss of confinement around an underground excavation and apply it to the convergence-confinement method. The constitutive law is based, on the one hand on a continuous evolution of a damage scalar variable and, on the other hand, on a progressive closure of porosity with the volumetric deformation. This law makes it possible to directly couple the stiffness with the hydrostatic pressure around the cavity in dry grounds, as often observed in situ. Identification of parameters is carried out by the means of triaxial tests. An application with the convergence-confinenment method hypothesis is finally proposed for a deep tunnel bored in sandstone.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132877753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692984
Nathalie Domède, G. Pons, A. Sellier
ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to built an assessment method for masonry arch bridges by modelling and computing. The method was developed and tried on a vault build in 1870 in south-west of France. It is made of three steps. The first one is an historic research. It is necessary to know the exact bridge constitution (geometry, materials, construction process). The second step is an experimental approach whose aim is to establish the homogenized masonries mechanic behaviour law and an interface law between homogenized blocks and including the mortar tensile and shear behaviour. The third step is the 3D computing of the bridge, using a finite element method. The specificity of the model is to take into account the interface law using “joint elements” and the homogenized behaviour law of blocks as a constitutive law of finite elements. A parametric study has established the factors involved in the bridge security.
{"title":"Requalification des ouvrages anciens","authors":"Nathalie Domède, G. Pons, A. Sellier","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to built an assessment method for masonry arch bridges by modelling and computing. The method was developed and tried on a vault build in 1870 in south-west of France. It is made of three steps. The first one is an historic research. It is necessary to know the exact bridge constitution (geometry, materials, construction process). The second step is an experimental approach whose aim is to establish the homogenized masonries mechanic behaviour law and an interface law between homogenized blocks and including the mortar tensile and shear behaviour. The third step is the 3D computing of the bridge, using a finite element method. The specificity of the model is to take into account the interface law using “joint elements” and the homogenized behaviour law of blocks as a constitutive law of finite elements. A parametric study has established the factors involved in the bridge security.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692988
Automobile, crash et composites, 103-113 A new experimental device for assessing the radial strains of concrete at high temperatures, 1187-1198 A two-surface plastic model for concrete behaviour, 579-602 An introduction to fracture mechanics in linear elastic materials, 893-906 Analyse de désordres affectant un remblai sur sols renforcés. Apport de méthodes statistiques et de simulations numériques, 477-492 Analyse micromécanique du couplage perméabilité-contrainte d’une argilite fracturée, 763-774 Application des méthodes d’homogénéisation au transport dans les milieux poreux, 711-724 Approche mésoscopique du comportement du béton. Apport de la représentation géométrique, 407-422 Assessment of district projects. Quality of the physical environment in the “Espaces Gare” (project in La Rochelle), 1155-1167 Assessment of transport properties of cementitious materials. A major challenge as regards durability?, 671-696
{"title":"Index des titres Volume 11/2007","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692988","url":null,"abstract":"Automobile, crash et composites, 103-113 A new experimental device for assessing the radial strains of concrete at high temperatures, 1187-1198 A two-surface plastic model for concrete behaviour, 579-602 An introduction to fracture mechanics in linear elastic materials, 893-906 Analyse de désordres affectant un remblai sur sols renforcés. Apport de méthodes statistiques et de simulations numériques, 477-492 Analyse micromécanique du couplage perméabilité-contrainte d’une argilite fracturée, 763-774 Application des méthodes d’homogénéisation au transport dans les milieux poreux, 711-724 Approche mésoscopique du comportement du béton. Apport de la représentation géométrique, 407-422 Assessment of district projects. Quality of the physical environment in the “Espaces Gare” (project in La Rochelle), 1155-1167 Assessment of transport properties of cementitious materials. A major challenge as regards durability?, 671-696","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692985
Meriem Morsli, A. Bali, Mahmoud Bensaibi, M. Gambin
ABSTRACT In this study, we analyzed the impact of the variation of the water content and the resting time of the samples on the hardening process of a gypso-limestone tuff. The results showed the existence of a water content for which the hardening is maximum, and that of a minimal water content necessary to start the process. Regarding the origin of the hardening process, results obtained during X-ray diffraction do not exhibit mineralogic changes; all the analyses of the cohesion change result in a single explanation of the hardening process according to which it is due to cycles de dissolution-recrystallization producing specific local cemented links.
{"title":"Etude du durcissement d'un tuf d'encroûtement de Hassi-Messaoud (Algérie)","authors":"Meriem Morsli, A. Bali, Mahmoud Bensaibi, M. Gambin","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we analyzed the impact of the variation of the water content and the resting time of the samples on the hardening process of a gypso-limestone tuff. The results showed the existence of a water content for which the hardening is maximum, and that of a minimal water content necessary to start the process. Regarding the origin of the hardening process, results obtained during X-ray diffraction do not exhibit mineralogic changes; all the analyses of the cohesion change result in a single explanation of the hardening process according to which it is due to cycles de dissolution-recrystallization producing specific local cemented links.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132646515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692981
F. Cherqui, L. Mora, E. Wurtz, F. Allard
ABSTRACT The fast and uncontrolled emergence of a will to promote sustainable development in the field of building construction generates new requirements for urban development. Besides technical solutions, project managers or urban planners must take into consideration the overall impact of their project on the local and global environment as well as social trends, economic development, health and safety for users. Integration of a huge number of evaluation criteria makes the assessment of such strategy very hard to carry out without a real methodological work. This paper proposes a first methodological approach in order to evaluate sustainability at the district scale and is based on 8 objectives. It is also a contribution to the French research project ADEQUA. This article presents a comparison between two district projects through the objective “quality of the physical environment”. This objective is defined and applied to a case study: the project “Espaces Gare” which concerns the planning of districts near La Rochelle train station (France).
{"title":"Assessment of district projects","authors":"F. Cherqui, L. Mora, E. Wurtz, F. Allard","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fast and uncontrolled emergence of a will to promote sustainable development in the field of building construction generates new requirements for urban development. Besides technical solutions, project managers or urban planners must take into consideration the overall impact of their project on the local and global environment as well as social trends, economic development, health and safety for users. Integration of a huge number of evaluation criteria makes the assessment of such strategy very hard to carry out without a real methodological work. This paper proposes a first methodological approach in order to evaluate sustainability at the district scale and is based on 8 objectives. It is also a contribution to the French research project ADEQUA. This article presents a comparison between two district projects through the objective “quality of the physical environment”. This objective is defined and applied to a case study: the project “Espaces Gare” which concerns the planning of districts near La Rochelle train station (France).","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130058922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692980
Pierre Crozat, Thierry Verdel
ABSTRACT The building of egyptian pyramids still remains today an enigma. None of the present theories can satisfy scientists or practitioners of the art of building and offer any convincing evidence. Based on in situ observations, geological constrains and basics of the art of buildings, we suggest a global building system called “pyramidal growth” which confirms the writings of Herodotus and can be placed in a “technical continuum”. We focus in particular on the Kheops' pyramid, the most enigmatic one because of its internal design, but actually and paradoxically the most revealing of the pyramids' constructive system.
{"title":"Le génie des pyramides","authors":"Pierre Crozat, Thierry Verdel","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692980","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The building of egyptian pyramids still remains today an enigma. None of the present theories can satisfy scientists or practitioners of the art of building and offer any convincing evidence. Based on in situ observations, geological constrains and basics of the art of buildings, we suggest a global building system called “pyramidal growth” which confirms the writings of Herodotus and can be placed in a “technical continuum”. We focus in particular on the Kheops' pyramid, the most enigmatic one because of its internal design, but actually and paradoxically the most revealing of the pyramids' constructive system.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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