Pub Date : 2007-05-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692949
Mohsen Ech, S. Yotte, S. Morel, D. Breysse, B. Pouteau
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present a study concerning the evaluation of the durability of the asphalt concrete macrotexture in laboratory. An experimental procedure was developed. This experimental procedure consists in a mechanical test which aims to alter the upper face macrotexture of a cylindrical specimen through the application of a sinusoidal repeated load on its surface. In order to quantify the macrotexture evolution produced we use a laser texture evaluation system. This system allows the scanning of surface specimen before and after mechanical solicitation. In this paper, we first present the materials and the experimental procedure. Then, we expose the various surface indicators analysis and finally we discuss the experimental results.
{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of pavement macrotexture durability","authors":"Mohsen Ech, S. Yotte, S. Morel, D. Breysse, B. Pouteau","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692949","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present a study concerning the evaluation of the durability of the asphalt concrete macrotexture in laboratory. An experimental procedure was developed. This experimental procedure consists in a mechanical test which aims to alter the upper face macrotexture of a cylindrical specimen through the application of a sinusoidal repeated load on its surface. In order to quantify the macrotexture evolution produced we use a laser texture evaluation system. This system allows the scanning of surface specimen before and after mechanical solicitation. In this paper, we first present the materials and the experimental procedure. Then, we expose the various surface indicators analysis and finally we discuss the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692948
R. Frank, B. Schuppener, N. Vogt, A. Weissenbach
ABSTRACT This paper describes the three design approaches (DA 1, DA 2 and DA 3) offered by Eurocode 7 on “Geotechnical design” for verifying ultimate limit states in persistent or transient design situations (i.e. under fundamental combinations). They are applied and compared in the case of a strip footing under eccentric and inclined loading. Both in France and in Germany, DA 2 has been selected for most geotechnical structures, though with some differences between the two countries for a limited number of cases. The principles and the choices made for the selection of the design approach, as well as of the values for the partial factors of safety, are explained for the two countries.
{"title":"Verification of ultimate limit states in geotechnical design by Eurocode 7 in France and Germany","authors":"R. Frank, B. Schuppener, N. Vogt, A. Weissenbach","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes the three design approaches (DA 1, DA 2 and DA 3) offered by Eurocode 7 on “Geotechnical design” for verifying ultimate limit states in persistent or transient design situations (i.e. under fundamental combinations). They are applied and compared in the case of a strip footing under eccentric and inclined loading. Both in France and in Germany, DA 2 has been selected for most geotechnical structures, though with some differences between the two countries for a limited number of cases. The principles and the choices made for the selection of the design approach, as well as of the values for the partial factors of safety, are explained for the two countries.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130555016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692945
M. Thiery, V. Baroghel-Bouny, N. Bourneton, G. Villain, C. Stefáni
ABSTRACT A modelling of drying of concrete is presented. « Intrinsic » liquid water (Kl) and gas (Kg) permeabilities are distinguished, since the concept of intrinsic permeability, which is independent of the fluid nature, is not relevant for a cementitious material. New laws for gas transfers are introduced. Thus, a law gives the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapour as a function of porosity and degree of liquid water saturation. In the same way, a new function, expressing the relative permeability to gas according to this degree of saturation, is calibrated thanks to experimental results. In order to describe the global movement of gas, viscous and slip flows are taken into account according to the Klinkenberg's concept. A numerical study shows, on the one hand, that a gas depression (below the atmospheric gas pressure) can be observed and, on the other hand, that transfers of water in the gas phase can significantly contribute to the drying of cementitious materials in addition to liquid water transport by capillarity. Simplified approaches are presented. Finally, a calibration of Kl is carried out thanks to drying experiments.
{"title":"Modélisation du séchage des bétons","authors":"M. Thiery, V. Baroghel-Bouny, N. Bourneton, G. Villain, C. Stefáni","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A modelling of drying of concrete is presented. « Intrinsic » liquid water (Kl) and gas (Kg) permeabilities are distinguished, since the concept of intrinsic permeability, which is independent of the fluid nature, is not relevant for a cementitious material. New laws for gas transfers are introduced. Thus, a law gives the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapour as a function of porosity and degree of liquid water saturation. In the same way, a new function, expressing the relative permeability to gas according to this degree of saturation, is calibrated thanks to experimental results. In order to describe the global movement of gas, viscous and slip flows are taken into account according to the Klinkenberg's concept. A numerical study shows, on the one hand, that a gas depression (below the atmospheric gas pressure) can be observed and, on the other hand, that transfers of water in the gas phase can significantly contribute to the drying of cementitious materials in addition to liquid water transport by capillarity. Simplified approaches are presented. Finally, a calibration of Kl is carried out thanks to drying experiments.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692939
Christian La Borderie, D. Breysse
ABSTRACT The relative settlements are a frequent source of disorders in structures. Their origin often lies in space variability of the properties of the grounds, whose imperfect taking into account harms the forecast of these settlements. We present the first results obtained from the finite elements code Cast3M on the problem of a single shallow foundation and of two neighbouring shallow foundations laying on a heterogeneous elastic ground. The space variability of the ground properties is modelled using the rotating stripes theory and a Monte-Carlo method.
{"title":"Etude du tassement différentiel sur sols hétérogènes","authors":"Christian La Borderie, D. Breysse","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relative settlements are a frequent source of disorders in structures. Their origin often lies in space variability of the properties of the grounds, whose imperfect taking into account harms the forecast of these settlements. We present the first results obtained from the finite elements code Cast3M on the problem of a single shallow foundation and of two neighbouring shallow foundations laying on a heterogeneous elastic ground. The space variability of the ground properties is modelled using the rotating stripes theory and a Monte-Carlo method.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129476968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692944
Samira Oukfif, A. Beaudoin
ABSTRACT The present study is devoted to the simulation of nonlinear sorbing plume transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous saturated porous media. This study was performed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. For each Monte Carlo simulation, two problems have to be resolved. For the flow problem, the mass conservation equation, coupled with Darcy's law, is solved on a regular grid by means of a finite volume method. For the transport problem, the advection—dispersion equation is solved by means of a particles method. This langrangian method is based on a discretization of concentration field with particles defined by a location and a weight. At each time step, the transport problem is then resolved by evaluating the new location and weight of particles.
{"title":"Modeling reactive transport in heterogeneous saturated porous media","authors":"Samira Oukfif, A. Beaudoin","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study is devoted to the simulation of nonlinear sorbing plume transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous saturated porous media. This study was performed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. For each Monte Carlo simulation, two problems have to be resolved. For the flow problem, the mass conservation equation, coupled with Darcy's law, is solved on a regular grid by means of a finite volume method. For the transport problem, the advection—dispersion equation is solved by means of a particles method. This langrangian method is based on a discretization of concentration field with particles defined by a location and a weight. At each time step, the transport problem is then resolved by evaluating the new location and weight of particles.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125351832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692937
M. Codina, C. Cau-dit-Coumes, J. Verdier, Patrick Le Bescop
ABSTRACT Investigations were carried out to formulate and characterize low-alkalinity and low-heat cements which would be compatible with an underground waste repository environment. Pozzolans (high-silica product such as fly ash and silica fume) and blast furnace slag were added to Portland cement to decrease the cement pore solution pH to 11. The alkali content of the interstitial solution (≈ 1 to 5 mmol/L) of blend was strongly reduced which decreased the pH by more than one unity as compared with control samples. The blends exhibited a low heat output (temperature rise below 20°C). The prepared concrete specimens had a compressive strength higher than 70 MPa after one year of curing in 100% RH, a low shrinkage (−350 to −500μm/m) and it was possible to prepare workable concrete despite the very high amounts of pozzolans in the blends.
{"title":"Formulation et caractérisation de bétons bas pH","authors":"M. Codina, C. Cau-dit-Coumes, J. Verdier, Patrick Le Bescop","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Investigations were carried out to formulate and characterize low-alkalinity and low-heat cements which would be compatible with an underground waste repository environment. Pozzolans (high-silica product such as fly ash and silica fume) and blast furnace slag were added to Portland cement to decrease the cement pore solution pH to 11. The alkali content of the interstitial solution (≈ 1 to 5 mmol/L) of blend was strongly reduced which decreased the pH by more than one unity as compared with control samples. The blends exhibited a low heat output (temperature rise below 20°C). The prepared concrete specimens had a compressive strength higher than 70 MPa after one year of curing in 100% RH, a low shrinkage (−350 to −500μm/m) and it was possible to prepare workable concrete despite the very high amounts of pozzolans in the blends.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128911171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692941
J. Dubost, A. Denis, M. Chanson, Christian La Borderie
ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to analyze the causes of the settlements of a freight railway platform. First, the homogeneity of the site was described with a statistical approach, then settlements calculations with and without ground reinforcement were carried out using Monte-Carlo simulations. These two methods show the interest of taking into account the variability of the soils for a better estimation of the geotechnical risks.
{"title":"Analyse de désordres affectant un remblai sur sols renforcés","authors":"J. Dubost, A. Denis, M. Chanson, Christian La Borderie","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692941","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to analyze the causes of the settlements of a freight railway platform. First, the homogeneity of the site was described with a statistical approach, then settlements calculations with and without ground reinforcement were carried out using Monte-Carlo simulations. These two methods show the interest of taking into account the variability of the soils for a better estimation of the geotechnical risks.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692942
A. Benamar, N. Ahfir, A. Alem, Huaqing Wang
ABSTRACT An experimental study which aimed at investigating the transport behaviour of suspended particles in saturated porous media is presented. A short-pulse technique was used for measuring particle recovery and collision efficiencies in two porous media (silica gravel and glass beads). Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were measured on-line and well described by analytical solution of an advective-dispersive equation with a first-order deposition kinetic. The effects of hydrodynamic and gravity forces on particle transport and deposition rate were delineated. Results show particles travelling faster than the conservative tracer. The recovery rate of the suspended particles decreased with decreasing flow rate, and the deposition rate presents unexpected changes, depending on the flow rate.
{"title":"Contribution of the transport of suspended particles to the internal erosion in soils","authors":"A. Benamar, N. Ahfir, A. Alem, Huaqing Wang","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An experimental study which aimed at investigating the transport behaviour of suspended particles in saturated porous media is presented. A short-pulse technique was used for measuring particle recovery and collision efficiencies in two porous media (silica gravel and glass beads). Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were measured on-line and well described by analytical solution of an advective-dispersive equation with a first-order deposition kinetic. The effects of hydrodynamic and gravity forces on particle transport and deposition rate were delineated. Results show particles travelling faster than the conservative tracer. The recovery rate of the suspended particles decreased with decreasing flow rate, and the deposition rate presents unexpected changes, depending on the flow rate.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115489092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692940
T. Nguyen, N. Roussel, P. Coussot
ABSTRACT The flow and flow stoppage of a homogeneous yield stress fluid in a bounded channel without steel bars are investigated in the first section of this paper. A relation linking the yield stress with the shape of the sample at stoppage is presented. The theoretical solution is then compared to experimental results obtained on Carbopol suspensions. Secondly, the influence of steel bars is considered. A correlation between the thickness variation due to steel bars with the intrinsic properties of the sample (yield stress, density) as well as the geometry of the obstacle (diameter and spacing of the bars) is proposed. This approach is validated by comparing the theoretical solution with experimental data obtained on Carbopol suspensions.
{"title":"Prédiction de la capacité d'un béton frais à remplir un coffrage","authors":"T. Nguyen, N. Roussel, P. Coussot","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692940","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The flow and flow stoppage of a homogeneous yield stress fluid in a bounded channel without steel bars are investigated in the first section of this paper. A relation linking the yield stress with the shape of the sample at stoppage is presented. The theoretical solution is then compared to experimental results obtained on Carbopol suspensions. Secondly, the influence of steel bars is considered. A correlation between the thickness variation due to steel bars with the intrinsic properties of the sample (yield stress, density) as well as the geometry of the obstacle (diameter and spacing of the bars) is proposed. This approach is validated by comparing the theoretical solution with experimental data obtained on Carbopol suspensions.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130459614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17747120.2007.9692938
F. Ragueneau, Quang Thanh Nguyen, Y. Berthaud, Nanthilde Reviron, Tran Bich-Hop
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the influence of corrosion on the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete structures combining experimental investigations and numerical computations. Constitutive equations for corroded steel bars have been developed and implemented within a multifiber finite element. It allows accounting for the decrease of ductility due to pitting corrosion. The mechanical effects of rust on the bond-slip behaviour of concrete-steel interface have been identified thanks to a new experimental set-up. Steel-concrete bond rupture models may be identified sustaining coupled mechanical-chemical multiaxial loadings. Experiments on reinforced concrete four points bend tests have been carried out, subjected to accelerated different levels of corrosion.
{"title":"Identification du comportement à rupture d'éléments de structures en béton armé corrodées","authors":"F. Ragueneau, Quang Thanh Nguyen, Y. Berthaud, Nanthilde Reviron, Tran Bich-Hop","doi":"10.1080/17747120.2007.9692938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2007.9692938","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper deals with the influence of corrosion on the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete structures combining experimental investigations and numerical computations. Constitutive equations for corroded steel bars have been developed and implemented within a multifiber finite element. It allows accounting for the decrease of ductility due to pitting corrosion. The mechanical effects of rust on the bond-slip behaviour of concrete-steel interface have been identified thanks to a new experimental set-up. Steel-concrete bond rupture models may be identified sustaining coupled mechanical-chemical multiaxial loadings. Experiments on reinforced concrete four points bend tests have been carried out, subjected to accelerated different levels of corrosion.","PeriodicalId":368904,"journal":{"name":"Revue Européenne de Génie Civil","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116706152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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