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LANDSCAPE PLANNING: BASIC PROVISIONS AND EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE 景观规划:乌克兰实施的基本规定和经验
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/UGZ2021.01.063
O. Golubtsov
The purpose of this publication is to determine the main provisions of landscape planning, which is currently being actively implemented in Ukraine and based on the analysis of the experience of landscape planning projects to clarify the content and methodological approaches to the implementation of working stages of landscape planning. The paper deal with an overview of approaches to understanding landscape planning in the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. The origins of landscape planning in Ukraine are traced, the legislative bases for the implementation of landscape planning, its main tasks and functions are determined. The general scheme of realization of landscape planning by consecutive implementation of a number of working stages is presented, each of which is devoted to the decision of a concrete task. The content and results of the stages of landscape planning are also characterized.
本出版物的目的是确定目前正在乌克兰积极实施的景观规划的主要规定,并基于对景观规划项目经验的分析,阐明景观规划工作阶段实施的内容和方法方法。本文概述了了解欧盟、英国和美国景观规划的方法。追溯了乌克兰景观规划的起源,实施景观规划的立法依据,确定了景观规划的主要任务和功能。提出了通过连续实施若干工作阶段来实现景观规划的总体方案,每个工作阶段都致力于确定一个具体任务。并对各阶段景观规划的内容和结果进行了描述。
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引用次数: 1
SOIL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: STATE, PROBLEMS AND STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 乌克兰土壤资源:现状、问题及可持续管理策略
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/UGZ2021.02.003
S. Baliuk, A. Kucher, N. Maksymenko
The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of a strategy for sustainable management of soil resources in Ukraine based on the analysis of the dynamics and current state of soils and their fertility. In this study, we used such main methods: analysis, synthesis, monographic, expert assessments, calculation-and-analytical, abstract-and-logic, cartographic. Despite the intensification of soil degradation (losses of humus and nutrients, especially phosphorus and potassium, erosional losses of the upper fertile layer, physical degradation of soils; acidification of soils, especially in the Polissya and in the Carpathian region; secondary alkalinization and salinization of irrigated soils), there is a reduction in funding for soil protection measures. The area of degraded and infertile soils in Ukraine is over 8 mln ha, and direct annual losses of income only from crop failure due to the main types of soil degradation reach about 33.6 bln UAH in the country as a whole. The novelty of the study is that the provisions on the strategy of sustainable management of soil resources of Ukraine were further developed, in particular, in terms of a holistic macroeconomic approach to the scale of soil degradation and its environmental-and-economic consequences, and a holistic solution through a set of strategic measures of soil fertility reproduction. One of the first attempts to substantiate the strategy of sustainable management of soil resources of Ukraine from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach, which provides for: improvement of legislative and regulatory support; improving information and institutional support; effective international cooperation; technological and financial support of sustainable soil management, as well as forecast economic, environmental and social effects of solving the problem of soil degradation. The practical value of the obtained results is that their application should help increase the efficiency and performance of sustainable management of soil resources and achieve land degradation neutrality in Ukraine.
本研究的目的是在分析土壤及其肥力的动态和现状的基础上,提出乌克兰土壤资源可持续管理战略的概念。在本研究中,我们采用了分析、综合、专题、专家评估、计算分析、抽象逻辑、制图等主要方法。尽管土壤退化加剧(腐殖质和营养物质,特别是磷和钾的流失,上层肥沃层的侵蚀损失,土壤的物理退化;土壤酸化,特别是在波利西亚和喀尔巴阡地区;灌溉土壤的二次碱化和盐碱化),土壤保护措施的资金减少。乌克兰退化和贫瘠土壤的面积超过800万公顷,仅由于主要土壤退化类型造成的作物歉收,每年在整个国家造成的直接收入损失就达到约336亿乌瓦赫。该研究的新颖之处在于,进一步发展了关于乌克兰土壤资源可持续管理战略的规定,特别是在对土壤退化规模及其环境和经济后果采取整体宏观经济方法方面,以及通过一套土壤肥力再生产战略措施提出整体解决办法。从多学科方法的角度出发,初步尝试落实乌克兰土壤资源可持续管理战略,其中规定:改进立法和管理支助;改进信息和机构支持;有效的国际合作;可持续土壤管理的技术和资金支持,以及预测解决土壤退化问题的经济、环境和社会影响。所获得的结果的实用价值在于,它们的应用应有助于提高乌克兰土壤资源可持续管理的效率和绩效,并实现土地退化中性。
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引用次数: 5
HUMAN-GEOGRAPHICAL ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES OF UKRAINE: PERCEPTIVE COMPONENT 乌克兰城市可持续发展的人文地理评价:感知成分
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/ugz2021.03.019
Eugenia Maruniak, S. Lisovskyi, I. Gukalova, A. Mozghovyi, S. A. Pokliatskyi, O. Gormiz, V.R. Torushanko
The problem of inclusive development has recently taken into account in Ukraine, although at the global level and in the EU such discussions have been going on for a long time, as well as key concepts were included in the documents shaping the international policy agenda. The paper aims to identify local markers of inclusion and/or exclusion within the capital post-socialist city, verify participatory approaches within the context of sustainable urban development research, and create a basis for developing recommendations for further improvement of urban policy in Ukraine. The example of the capital, Kyiv, a city that has been integrated into the global economic landscape for several decades, is the most indicative from the point of view of current and anticipated changes. The article outlines the main features of modern discourse in the field of inclusiveness and integrated urban development. On the case of Kyiv and a few urban neighborhoods, based on a survey and expert assessment, local features of the spatial measurement of inclusiveness, such as accessibility and openness of different types of infrastructural objects, organization of urban space, have been analyzed. The surveys, in addition to positive assessments of the availability of urban infrastructure for residents, and high quality of construction of individual facilities, simultaneously have been revealed significant shortcomings, especially for people with disabilities. The role of urban governance and international projects outcomes to achieve new goals of urban environment quality in Ukraine has been emphasized. The scientific novelty of the article is to identify local signs of inclusiveness and exclusivity in the capital city of a post-socialist country in the context of improving urban policy in Ukraine.
乌克兰最近考虑到了包容性发展的问题,尽管在全球层面和欧盟,这类讨论已经进行了很长时间,关键概念也被纳入了形成国际政策议程的文件中。本文旨在确定首都后社会主义城市中包容和/或排斥的地方标志,在可持续城市发展研究的背景下验证参与性方法,并为制定进一步改进乌克兰城市政策的建议奠定基础。从当前和预期变化的角度来看,乌克兰首都基辅的例子最能说明问题,这座城市已经融入全球经济格局几十年了。文章概述了包容性与城市综合发展领域现代话语的主要特征。以基辅和几个城市社区为例,在调查和专家评估的基础上,分析了包容性空间测量的地方特征,如不同类型基础设施对象的可达性和开放性,城市空间的组织。这些调查除了对居民可获得的城市基础设施和个别设施的高质量进行积极评价外,同时也揭示了重大缺陷,特别是对残疾人而言。强调了城市治理和国际项目成果在乌克兰实现城市环境质量新目标方面的作用。这篇文章的科学新颖之处在于,在乌克兰改善城市政策的背景下,找出一个后社会主义国家首都的包容性和排他性的地方迹象。
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引用次数: 0
FORECAST ESTIMATES OF WATER RUNOFF OF RIVERS OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF STOCHASTIC PATTERNS OF ITS LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS 基于长期波动的随机模式对乌克兰河流径流量的预测估计
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/ugz2021.04.018
O. Lukianets, O. Obodovskyi, V. Grebin, S. Moskalenko, O. Pochaievets, V. Korniienko
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引用次数: 0
FORMS OF SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF ECONOMY: TYPOLOGY AND FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT (UKRAINIAN CONTEXT) 经济空间组织形式:类型学和发展特征(乌克兰语境)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/UGZ2021.02.057
V. Zakharchenko, S. Zakharchenko
The aim of the article is to substantiate the typology of forms of spatial organization of the economy on the basis of a process approach and to clarify the features of their development in the context of Ukrainian realities and global trends in social development. There are four types of forms of spatial organization of the economy - based on the processes of business, innovation and foreign economic activity and agglomeration of production. Their subtypes are noted: by composition of branches (branch, interbranch, multidisciplinary), by character of connections (horizontal, vertical and mixed types), by organizational status (organizationally decorated and organizationally not decorated), by configuration (point, network, planar), by spatial distribution (local, regional, national, international). Forms of spatial organization of the economy of all types are considered, in particular on the basis of processes: business activity - enterprises, business incubators, corporations, financial-industrial groups, business networks, poles of competitiveness, regions with high competitive status; agglomerations of production - universal enterprises and plants, industrial areas, industrial districts, clusters, territorial production complexes, growth poles, development axes, economic areas; innovation activity - startups, innovative business incubators, concerns and parks, technopolises, innovation networks and clusters, smart cities, C-regions; foreign economic activity - joint ventures, transnational corporations, global networks, international clusters, world (global) cities, free (special) economic zones, globalized regions. Peculiarities of creation, functioning and development of forms of spatial organization of economy in the conditions of Ukraine are determined. It is noted that the proposed typology opens additional opportunities for clustering, innovation and transnationalization of the Ukrainian economy.
本文的目的是在过程方法的基础上证实经济空间组织形式的类型学,并在乌克兰现实和全球社会发展趋势的背景下阐明其发展特点。经济的空间组织形式有四种类型:基于商业过程的、基于创新的、基于对外经济活动的和基于生产集聚的。它们的子类型是:按分支的组成(分支、分支间、多学科),按连接的特征(水平、垂直和混合类型),按组织状态(组织装饰和组织不装饰),按配置(点、网络、平面),按空间分布(地方、区域、国家、国际)。考虑了所有类型的经济空间组织形式,特别是在过程的基础上:商业活动-企业,企业孵化器,公司,金融产业集团,商业网络,竞争力极,具有高竞争地位的地区;生产集聚——通用企业和工厂、工业区、工业区、集群、地域生产综合体、增长极、发展轴、经济区;创新活动——初创企业、创新企业孵化器、企业和园区、科技城、创新网络和集群、智慧城市、c -region;对外经济活动-合资企业,跨国公司,全球网络,国际集群,世界(全球)城市,自由(特别)经济区,全球化区域。在乌克兰的条件下,经济的空间组织形式的创造,功能和发展的特点是确定的。值得注意的是,拟议的类型学为乌克兰经济的集群、创新和跨国化开辟了额外的机会。
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引用次数: 2
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES OF THE SOUTH BUG RIVERBED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL FACTORS ACCORDING TO SATELLITE MONITORING 基于卫星监测的南虫河床在人为和自然因素影响下的变化分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/ugz2021.04.065
I. Tymchenko, R. Havryliuk, O. Tomchenko
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引用次数: 0
LOCAL ECONETWORK of VINNYTSIA CITY 温尼察市的本地网络
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/UGZ2021.02.041
Grygoriy Denysyk, Yuriy Yatsentyuk, V. Volovyk, Zhanna Barchuk
The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the local econetwork of Vinnytsia for the sustainable urban development. Methods: field research (key, area and route), literary-cartographic, analytical-cartographic analysis, collecting and processing of statistical information, theoretical generalization and systematization of facts, analysis, abstraction, analogy, synthesis. Results. 30 key territories, which occupy 15.9% of the city area, are distinguished in the structure of Vinnytsia econetwork. According to the peculiarities of vegetation and modern landscapes, all key territories are grouped into the following groups: forest, forest-meadow, forest-swamp, pond, garden-park and cemetery. Forest key territories that correspond to the background landscapes in the past are predominant (81.7% of the area). Key territories are joined by two national and twenty five local ecological corridors, which cover 12% of the city area. River-valley ecocorridors prevail among them in area and length while street-road ecological corridors prevail in their quantity. Buffer areas, that cover 4.8% of the city’s territory, are designed around key territories and ecological corridors. Thirteen recovery territories, which occupy 0.9% of Vinnytsia area, are potential for increasing the area of key territories and ecocorridors in the future. In perspective, seven interactive elements, projected mainly by stream valleys, occupying 0.6% of the city territory, may pass into the category of ecocorridors. The novelty of the study is that for the first time: since the change of Vinnytsia’s borders in 2015, the city econetwork project has been developed; peculiarities of interactive elements and ecotechnical junctions are identified and specificated; peculiarities of the landscape complexes of the territory were taken into account while justifying the choice of structural elements of the econetwork.
该研究的目的是确定文尼察当地网络的特点,以实现可持续的城市发展。方法:实地调查(重点、区域、路线)、文献制图、分析制图、统计信息的收集和处理、事实的理论概括和系统化、分析、抽象、类比、综合。结果:在文尼察网络结构中划分出30个重点区域,占城市面积的15.9%。根据植被和现代景观的特点,将主要区域划分为森林、森林-草甸、森林-沼泽、池塘、花园-公园和墓地。与过去背景景观相对应的森林关键区域占主导地位(面积占81.7%)。两个国家级和25个地方生态走廊连接了重点区域,覆盖了城市面积的12%。流域生态廊道在面积和长度上占优势,街道-道路生态廊道在数量上占优势。围绕重点区域和生态廊道设计了缓冲区,占城市面积的4.8%。13个恢复区域占文尼察面积的0.9%,未来有可能增加关键区域和生态走廊的面积。从角度来看,七个互动元素,主要由河流山谷投射,占城市领土的0.6%,可以进入生态走廊的范畴。该研究的新颖之处在于:自2015年文尼察边界改变以来,首次开发了城市网络项目;相互作用元素和生态技术连接的特性被识别和规范;考虑到该地区景观综合体的特殊性,同时证明了网络结构元素的选择是合理的。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL CITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF INCLUSIVENESS (A CASE OF KYIV) 从包容性的角度看首都的发展(以基辅为例)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/UGZ2021.01.025
Eugenia Maruniak, S. Lisovskyi, S. A. Pokliatskyi, A. Mozghovyi, A. Petrovska, M. V. Rumiantseva
The problem of inclusive development has recently taken into account in Ukraine, although at the global level and in the EU such discussions have been going on for a long time, as well as key concepts were included in the documents shaping the international policy agenda. The paper aims to identify local markers of inclusion and/or exclusion within the capital post-socialist city, verify participatory approaches within the context of sustainable urban development research, and create a basis for developing recommendations for further improvement of urban policy in Ukraine. The example of the capital, Kyiv, a city that has been integrated into the global economic landscape for several decades, is the most indicative from the point of view of current and anticipated changes. The article outlines the main features of modern discourse in the field of inclusiveness and integrated urban development. On the case of Kyiv and a few urban neighborhoods, based on a survey and expert assessment, local features of the spatial measurement of inclusiveness, such as accessibility and openness of different types of infrastructural objects, organization of urban space, have been analyzed. The surveys, in addition to positive assessments of the availability of urban infrastructure for residents, and high quality of construction of individual facilities, simultaneously have been revealed significant shortcomings, especially for people with disabilities. The role of urban governance and international projects outcomes to achieve new goals of urban environment quality in Ukraine has been emphasized. The scientific novelty of the article is to identify local signs of inclusiveness and exclusivity in the capital city of a post-socialist country in the context of improving urban policy in Ukraine.
乌克兰最近考虑到了包容性发展的问题,尽管在全球层面和欧盟,这类讨论已经进行了很长时间,关键概念也被纳入了形成国际政策议程的文件中。本文旨在确定首都后社会主义城市中包容和/或排斥的地方标志,在可持续城市发展研究的背景下验证参与性方法,并为制定进一步改进乌克兰城市政策的建议奠定基础。从当前和预期变化的角度来看,乌克兰首都基辅的例子最能说明问题,这座城市已经融入全球经济格局几十年了。文章概述了包容性与城市综合发展领域现代话语的主要特征。以基辅和几个城市社区为例,在调查和专家评估的基础上,分析了包容性空间测量的地方特征,如不同类型基础设施对象的可达性和开放性,城市空间的组织。这些调查除了对居民可获得的城市基础设施和个别设施的高质量进行积极评价外,同时也揭示了重大缺陷,特别是对残疾人而言。强调了城市治理和国际项目成果在乌克兰实现城市环境质量新目标方面的作用。这篇文章的科学新颖之处在于,在乌克兰改善城市政策的背景下,找出一个后社会主义国家首都的包容性和排他性的地方迹象。
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引用次数: 2
LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS IN THE ANNUAL RUNOFF OF RIVERS FLOWING INTO LAKE SEVAN UNDER THE CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE 当前气候变化条件下流入塞瓦湖的河流年径流量的长期波动
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/ugz2021.04.030
V. Margaryan
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引用次数: 0
ATLAS SOLUTIONS FRAMEWORK AS A METHOD OF THE RENEWED MODEL-COGNITIVE CONCEPTION OF CARTOGRAPHY 地图学解决方案框架作为一种新的模型认知概念的制图方法
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/ugz2021.03.029
V. Chabaniuk
There are described the method and, partly, atlas technology, currently used in the Institute of Geography of NASU to create Electronic atlases and Atlas information systems. Such dyads of methods and technologies/means in atlas context are generally called Atlas Solution Frameworks (AtlasSF). A clarification is used to denote “AtlasSF method” or “AtlasSF technology/means”. Since the beginning of the century our “initial” AtlasSF technology changed every five years with the unchangeable AtlasSF method. The third change of technology, starting in 2016, was revolutionary. Most principal was implicit changing of K. Salishchev’s Map knowledge conception of cartography. The new conception is still poorly understood, although the renewed AtlasSF method and technology are already based on it. The new conception/paradigm of cartography is called the renewed Model-cognitive paradigm (MCP). The original MCP is known in post-Soviet countries thanks to A. Berlyant. It has much in common with the paradigms of cartography, which are known in Western countries as Analytical (model part of MCP) and Communicative/Cognitive (cognitive part of MCP). Model-based engineering (MBE) and Relational cartography (RelCa) are used to provide “modern life” to MCP. Special models known as patterns are essential in the use of MBE and RelCa. Among the patterns a special place is occupied by frameworks. To interpret the theoretical constructions is used “Atlas of the Population of Ukraine and its Natural and Cultural Heritage”[1], created in 2020 with the help of renewed initial AtlasSF technology.
文中描述了目前NASU地理研究所用于创建电子地图集和地图集信息系统的方法和部分地图集技术。在地图集上下文中,这种方法和技术/手段的组合通常称为地图集解决方案框架(AtlasSF)。使用澄清来表示“AtlasSF方法”或“AtlasSF技术/手段”。自本世纪初以来,我们的“初始”AtlasSF技术每五年更换一次,使用不变的AtlasSF方法。从2016年开始的第三次技术变革是革命性的。其中最主要的是萨里舍夫地图知识概念的含蓄变化。尽管更新的AtlasSF方法和技术已经基于这个新概念,但人们对这个新概念仍然知之甚少。地图学的新概念/范式被称为更新模型认知范式(MCP)。最初的MCP因A. Berlyant而在后苏联国家广为人知。它与制图学的范式有很多共同之处,在西方国家被称为分析(MCP的模型部分)和交际/认知(MCP的认知部分)。基于模型的工程(MBE)和关系制图(RelCa)被用来为MCP提供“现代生活”。在使用MBE和RelCa时,称为模式的特殊模型是必不可少的。在模式中,框架占据了一个特殊的位置。为了解释理论结构,使用了“乌克兰人口及其自然和文化遗产地图集”[1],该地图集于2020年在更新的初始AtlasSF技术的帮助下创建。
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引用次数: 0
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Ukrainian Geographical Journal
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