Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献

英文中文

Forensic homicidal strangulation in women: Case series and systematic literature review 妇女的法医杀人绞杀：案例系列和系统的文献综述

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100577

Ginevra Malta , Maria Puntarello , Mauro Midiri , Tommaso D'Anna , Stefania Zerbo , Antonina Argo

This systematic review explores women's homicidal strangulation using PRISMA method. A total of 40 Google Scholar, 26 PubMed and 4 manual searching articles were analyzed, while other sources were excluded due to lack of full texts, irrelevance, or outdated content. Review highlights gender violence as an underestimated issue and provides a socio-demographic analysis. Diagnosing strangulation can be challenging, particularly in absence of visible asphyxial signs in the external examination. Judicial authorities' collaboration and reliance on circumstantial evidence are crucial in forensic investigations. Strangulation is statistically prevalent in sexually motivated crimes and employs various methods. We reported four different strangulation cases at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Palermo, to emphasize findings, forensic characteristics, and interpretation difficulties. The primary goal of this review is to shed light on homicidal strangulation's specific characteristics, given its underreported nature, and to stress the importance of mechanical asphyxia in forensic differential diagnosis. Distinguishing strangulation from other asphyxial deaths is difficult, as is identifying potential third-party involvement. This review also aims to provide key indicators that assist forensic pathologists in differentiating strangulation from other asphyxial causes of death. Future perspectives highlight the use of specific protocols, using artificial intelligence (AI), and instrumental investigations to support forensic pathologists in performing differential diagnoses and providing compatibility assessments.

这篇系统的综述探讨了使用PRISMA方法的女性杀人绞杀。共分析b谷歌Scholar文章40篇、PubMed文章26篇、人工检索文章4篇，其他来源因缺乏全文、不相关或内容过时而被排除。《审查》强调性别暴力是一个被低估的问题，并提供了社会人口分析。诊断勒死可能具有挑战性，特别是在外部检查中没有明显的窒息迹象。司法当局的合作和对间接证据的依赖在法医调查中至关重要。据统计，勒死在性犯罪中很普遍，而且方法多种多样。我们报告了巴勒莫大学法医学研究所的四个不同的绞杀案件，以强调调查结果、法医学特征和解释困难。本综述的主要目的是阐明杀人绞杀的具体特征，鉴于其被低估的性质，并强调机械窒息在法医鉴别诊断中的重要性。区分勒死与其他窒息性死亡是困难的，确定潜在的第三方参与也是困难的。本综述还旨在提供关键指标，协助法医病理学家在区分扼杀与其他窒息性死亡原因。未来的观点强调使用特定的方案，使用人工智能（AI）和仪器调查来支持法医病理学家进行鉴别诊断和提供兼容性评估。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers to human remains identification using forensic odontology in resource-constrained settings 在资源有限的情况下，利用法医牙科学鉴定人类遗骸的障碍

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100575

Ernest Joie T. Guzman , Maria Corazon A. De Ungria

An effective strategy for human remains identification with a high success rate and low cost is vital for low to low-middle-income countries. Prompt identification of human remains is essential for the swift recovery of families and communities affected by large-scale disasters. However, the systematic integration of forensic disciplines into standard practice remains to be implemented in many areas. Even countries like the Philippines – where over 20 typhoons occur annually, leaving numerous, even thousands of persons remain missing so many years after the disaster, institutions continue to struggle in adopting standard protocols for human remains identification (HRI). This paper examines the barriers to implementing such protocols and explores the feasibility of maximizing the use of forensic odontology in the identification process in resource-constrained settings. The discussion highlights the situation in the Philippines resulting from these barriers and provides actionable plans for overcoming these challenges. In doing this, we can maximize the use of available technologies such as forensic odontology when local resources are limited, trained professionals are scarce and a sustainable and efficient operational local framework to handle mass fatality incidents (MFI) is not in place.

一个成功率高、成本低的遗骸鉴定策略对中低收入国家至关重要。迅速识别人类遗骸对于受大规模灾害影响的家庭和社区的迅速恢复至关重要。然而，在许多领域，将法医学科系统地纳入标准实践仍有待实施。即使像菲律宾这样每年发生20多次台风的国家，在灾难发生多年后仍有无数甚至数千人失踪，各机构仍在努力采用人体遗骸鉴定（HRI）的标准规程。本文探讨了实施此类协议的障碍，并探讨了在资源有限的情况下，在鉴定过程中最大限度地利用法医牙科学的可行性。讨论强调了这些障碍造成的菲律宾局势，并为克服这些挑战提供了可行的计划。这样，在当地资源有限、训练有素的专业人员稀缺以及处理大规模死亡事件（MFI）的可持续和有效的地方运作框架不到位的情况下，我们可以最大限度地利用法医牙科学等现有技术。

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引用次数: 0

Fatal intoxication after oral ingestion of amphetamine: Two case reports 口服安非他明致死性中毒：两例报告

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100568

Evelyn Pawlik , Felix Mayer , Oliver Temme

Amphetamine is a stimulant that is abused worldwide and e.g. leads to hyperthermia [Brinkman et al., 2014], dizziness, insomnia, stomachaches and suppression of appetite [Callaway et al., 1994]. The most common production route of racemic (R-/S)-amphetamine is the Leuckart synthesis [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006, Hauser et al., 2018], where by-products like 4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine (4-M-5-PP), N,N-di (β-phenylisopropyl)amine (DPIA) and N-formylamphetamine (NFA) are incurred. We describe two cases in which 39 years old men died after oral intake of greater amounts of liquid amphetamine preparations. Body fluids (heart blood, femoral vein blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humour, and stomach content), organ tissues (myocardium, lung, liver, gall bladder, brain and kidney) and skeletal muscle were examined for amphetamine and amphetamine by-products as well as for other substances e.g. alcohol and pharmaceuticals. Analysis were done via HPLC/DAD, LC/MS, GC/MS or GC/FID without or after fluid-fluid extraction. Amphetamine was detected in all biological materials, the highest concentrations were found in urine (2600 μg/ml, case 1) and stomach content (14,000 μg/g, case 2). The amphetamine by-product DPIA was found only in heart blood (case 2), while NFA and 4-M-5-PP could not be detected at all. Morphological findings and the toxicological results for (R-/S)- amphetamine, the amphetamine by-products, alcohol, other drugs and pharmaceuticals are shown for both cases. The amphetamine concentrations of both cases are compared and the distribution in the body is discussed. The toxicity of the amphetamine by-products on the human body remains unclear and is subject of further studies.

苯丙胺是一种兴奋剂，在世界各地被滥用，例如导致高热[Brinkman等人，2014年]、头晕、失眠、胃痛和抑制食欲[Callaway等人，1994年]。外消旋（R-/S）-苯丙胺最常见的生产途径是Leuckart合成法[联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室，2006年；Hauser等人，2018年]，其中会产生4-甲基-5-苯基嘧啶（4-M-5-PP）、N,N-二（β-苯基异丙基）胺（DPIA）和N-甲酰苯丙胺（NFA）等副产品。我们描述了两例 39 岁男性在口服较大量液体苯丙胺制剂后死亡的病例。对体液（心血、股静脉血、尿液、脑脊液、玻璃体和胃内容物）、器官组织（心肌、肺、肝、胆、脑和肾）和骨骼肌进行了苯丙胺和苯丙胺副产品以及酒精和药物等其他物质的检测。分析方法包括 HPLC/DAD、LC/MS、GC/MS 或 GC/FID（无流体萃取或流体萃取后）。在所有生物材料中都检测到了苯丙胺，浓度最高的是尿液（2600 微克/毫升，案例 1）和胃内容物（14,000 微克/克，案例 2）。苯丙胺的副产品 DPIA 只在心血（案例 2）中发现，而 NFA 和 4-M-5-PP 则完全检测不到。两个病例的形态学结果以及（R-/S）-苯丙胺、苯丙胺副产品、酒精、其他药物和药品的毒理学结果均已显示。比较了两种情况下的苯丙胺浓度，并讨论了其在体内的分布情况。苯丙胺副产品对人体的毒性仍不清楚，有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

When insect development meets insect succession: Advantages of combining different methods and insect taxa in estimating the post-mortem interval 当昆虫发育满足昆虫演替时：结合不同方法和昆虫类群估算死后间隔的优势。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100574

Szymon Matuszewski , Anna Mądra-Bielewicz

Insects are frequently used to estimate post-mortem interval (PMI). Experts usually base their estimates on a single insect taxon and use a single estimation method, even if multiple taxa are present on a cadaver or multiple methods can be applied. In this article we present a case report where multiple insect evidence and methods were used in a homicide case to estimate PMI. Since the true PMI was known, we were able to assess the estimation errors of each method as applied to particular insect evidence. The final grand PMI was derived from a developmental estimate based on third instar larvae of Lucilia illustris/L. caesar species group and a successional estimate based on adult Thanatophilus rugosus beetles. By averaging these estimates we got the grand PMI of almost perfect accuracy (1 % relative error, PMI range: 4.39 ± 0.77 days), which is of course an exceptional situation for entomological methods of estimating PMI. Furthermore, this was the first case report in which the presence and absence of subsequent life stages of carrion insects coupled with the estimation of their pre-appearance interval were used to estimate the PMI range. The results regarding the minimum PMI were fully consistent with the results obtained using the classical developmental method. This finding indicates that in some cases the presence/absence method can be used interchangeably with the developmental method. Finally, we discussed the prospects and limitations of combining insect evidence and methods of their analysis in estimating PMI.

昆虫经常被用来估计死后间隔（PMI）。专家们通常以单一昆虫分类群为基础，使用单一的估计方法，即使一具尸体上有多个分类群，或者可以应用多种方法。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个案例报告，其中多种昆虫的证据和方法在一个杀人案件估计PMI。由于真实的PMI是已知的，我们能够评估每种方法在应用于特定昆虫证据时的估计误差。最终的大PMI是根据绿蝇3龄幼虫的发育估计得出的。凯撒种群及基于成虫的演替估算。通过对这些估计进行平均，我们得到了几乎完美精度的大PMI（相对误差为1%，PMI范围为4.39±0.77天），这当然是昆虫学方法估计PMI的例外情况。此外，这是第一个案例报告，其中存在和不存在的后续生命阶段的腐肉昆虫加上估计他们的出现前的间隔被用来估计PMI范围。最小PMI的计算结果与经典发展方法的计算结果完全一致。这一发现表明，在某些情况下，存在/缺失法可以与发育法互换使用。最后，我们讨论了结合昆虫证据及其分析方法估算PMI的前景和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

The limitations of mouth alcohol detection systems in breath alcohol testing: Case reports 口腔酒精检测系统在呼气酒精检测中的局限性：病例报告。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100573

Aaron Olson

Contamination of a person's breath alcohol with alcohol from sources other than the lungs can falsely elevate the results of a breath alcohol test. This is known as “mouth alcohol” contamination in breath alcohol testing. To combat the issue of mouth alcohol contamination, manufacturers of breath alcohol analyzers have incorporated slope detection algorithms into their devices known as “slope detectors.” Despite this effort, breath alcohol analyzers sometimes fail to detect mouth alcohol contamination. Three case reports presented in this paper strongly suggest undetected mouth alcohol contamination. The significant legal consequences of a falsely elevated breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) due to mouth alcohol contamination require further research into the ability of slope detectors to identify mouth alcohol. Greater transparency and independent scientific examination of the algorithms involved in mouth alcohol detection systems are needed to ensure accuracy and fairness in breath alcohol testing.

一个人的呼吸酒精被肺部以外的其他来源的酒精污染，可能会错误地提高呼吸酒精测试的结果。在呼气酒精测试中，这被称为“口腔酒精”污染。为了解决口腔酒精污染问题，呼气酒精分析仪的制造商在他们的设备中加入了坡度检测算法，称为“坡度检测器”。尽管如此，呼气酒精分析仪有时还是无法检测到口腔酒精污染。本文提出的三个病例报告强烈建议未检测到的口腔酒精污染。由于口腔酒精污染导致的呼气酒精浓度错误升高（BrAC）的重大法律后果需要进一步研究斜率检测器识别口腔酒精的能力。需要对口腔酒精检测系统所涉及的算法进行更大的透明度和独立的科学检查，以确保呼气酒精检测的准确性和公平性。

引用次数: 0

The comparative accuracy of handprints and footprints for stature and sex determination 手印和脚印在身高和性别判断上的相对准确性。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100572

Sara Gamal Abbas, Amany Elsayed Abdelrahman, Omneya Saad El-Oefy

One of the main goals of forensic medicine is the successful identification of unidentified bodies. This is essential in mass disasters, criminal medicolegal investigations, and most cases of deaths with poorly preserved remains. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of anthropometric determination of handprint versus footprint dimensions for sex and stature estimation in a sample of the Egyptian population and to formulate equations for stature and sex determination using hand and footprint anthropometric measures. A total of two hundred adults, aged 21–40 years, of Egyptian descent were selected for the study. Stature, hand, and footprint dimensions were measured and analyzed. The current study revealed that hand and footprint lengths were the most significant estimators of stature for both sexes. However, footprint measures were significantly better for stature estimation than handprint measures in females, while handprint measures were statistically better estimators of stature than footprint measures in males. On the other hand, the most sexually dimorphic parameters were handprint length, handbreadth, T4, and T5. Importantly, hand parameters were better predictors of sex than foot parameters. In conclusion, footprint measurements were more accurate for estimating stature in females, while handprint measurements were more accurate for males. Additionally, handprint parameters were more effective for sex determination than footprint parameters. Regression equations were presented in this study to estimate the sex and stature of individuals of Egyptian descent from various hand and footprint dimensions.

法医学的主要目标之一是成功地鉴定身份不明的尸体。这在大规模灾难、刑事法医调查和大多数遗体保存不良的死亡案件中至关重要。本研究旨在评估手印与足迹尺寸的人体测量测定在埃及人口样本中用于性别和身高估计的准确性，并利用手和足迹的人体测量测量制定身高和性别测定方程。共有200名年龄在21-40岁之间的埃及裔成年人被选为研究对象。测量并分析了身高、手和足迹的尺寸。目前的研究表明，手和脚印的长度是男女身高最重要的估计值。然而，足迹测量对女性身高的估计明显优于手印测量，而手印测量对男性身高的估计在统计学上优于足迹测量。手印长度、手宽、T4和T5的性别二态性最显著。重要的是，手参数比脚参数更能预测性别。总之，足迹测量对女性的身高估计更准确，而手印测量对男性的身高估计更准确。此外，手印参数比足迹参数更有效地决定性别。本研究提出了回归方程，从不同的手和足迹维度来估计埃及人后裔的性别和身高。

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Methodological support for forensic science in the USA and Ukraine: A comparative study 美国和乌克兰法医学的方法论支持：比较研究。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100571

Nataliia Martynenko

The significant potential of proper methodological support in solving key tasks of forensic expert activity is noted. The procedure for certification and state registration of forensic examination methods introduced in Ukraine is analyzed. The composition and procedure for the activities of the advisory bodies of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine which determine the relevance and priority of forensic examination research are investigated. The author identifies the areas of concern in the methodological support of forensic institutions, the addressing of which relates to the activities of the State in terms of legal support of forensics at the legislative and departmental regulatory levels.

The requirements to the registration of research results by grantees of the US National Institute of Justice are clarified. The article compares research costs, access to scientific results, and promising research topics in the field of forensic science in the United States and Ukraine. Certain ways of solving the identified problems related to the methodological support of forensic expert activity were proposed, taking into account the specifics of the legal system of Ukraine and the experience of the National Institute of Justice in the United States. The author emphasizes the need for further development and strengthening of cooperation between forensic institutions and international organizations in the field of standardization.

报告指出，在解决法医专家活动的关键任务方面，适当的方法支持具有巨大潜力。分析了乌克兰引入的法医检验方法的认证和国家注册程序。对确定法医检查研究的相关性和优先次序的乌克兰司法部咨询机构的组成和活动程序进行了调查。发件人指出了在法医机构的方法支助方面令人关切的领域，这些领域的解决涉及国家在立法和部门管理一级的法医法律支助方面的活动。澄清了美国国家司法研究所受助人对研究成果注册的要求。本文比较了美国和乌克兰法医学领域的研究成本、获得科学成果的途径和有前途的研究课题。考虑到乌克兰法律制度的具体情况和美国国家司法研究所的经验，提出了解决已查明的与法医专家活动的方法支助有关的问题的某些方法。作者强调需要进一步发展和加强法医机构与国际组织在标准化领域的合作。

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引用次数: 0

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

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