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A Genetic Algorithms Approach for Inverse Shortest Path Length Problems 求解最短路径长度逆问题的遗传算法
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJNCR.2014100103
António Leitão, Adriano Vinhas, P. Machado, Francisco C. Pereira
Inverse Combinatorial Optimization has become a relevant research subject over the past decades. In graph theory, the Inverse Shortest Path Length problem becomes relevant when people don't have access to the real cost of the arcs and want to infer their value so that the system has a specific outcome, such as one or more shortest paths between nodes. Several approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem, relying on different methods, and several applications have been suggested. This study explores an innovative evolutionary approach relying on a genetic algorithm. Two scenarios and corresponding representations are presented and experiments are conducted to test how they react to different graph characteristics and parameters. Their behaviour and differences are thoroughly discussed. The outcome supports that evolutionary algorithms may be a viable venue to tackle Inverse Shortest Path problems.
逆组合优化在过去的几十年里已经成为一个相关的研究课题。在图论中,当人们无法获得弧的实际成本,并想要推断它们的值,以便系统有一个特定的结果时,例如节点之间的一条或多条最短路径,逆最短路径长度问题就变得相关了。已经提出了几种方法来解决这个问题,依赖于不同的方法,并提出了几种应用。本研究探索了一种基于遗传算法的创新进化方法。提出了两种场景和相应的表示,并进行了实验来测试它们对不同图形特征和参数的反应。他们的行为和差异进行了彻底的讨论。该结果支持进化算法可能是解决逆最短路径问题的可行场所。
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引用次数: 4
Developments on the Regulatory Network Computational Device 监管网络计算设备的发展
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014100104
Rui L. Lopes, E. Costa
Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) approach differently from nature the genotype-phenotype relationship, a view that is a recurrent issue among researchers. Recently, some researchers have started exploring computationally the new comprehension of the multitude of regulatory mechanisms that are fundamental in both processes of inheritance and of development in natural systems, by trying to include those mechanisms in the EAs. One of the first successful proposals was the Artificial Regulatory Network (ARN) model. Soon after some variants of the ARN, including different improvements over the base model, were tested. In this paper, the authors revisit the Regulatory Network Computational Device (ReNCoDe), now empowered with feedback connections, providing a formal demonstration of the typical solutions evolved with this representation. The authors also present some preliminary results of using a variant of the model to deal with problems with multiple outputs.
进化算法(EA)以不同于自然的方式处理基因型-表型关系,这一观点在研究者中是一个反复出现的问题。最近,一些研究人员开始通过计算探索对自然系统中遗传和发展过程中众多基本调控机制的新理解,试图将这些机制包括在ea中。第一批成功的建议之一是人工监管网络(ARN)模型。不久之后,ARN的一些变体,包括对基本模型的不同改进,进行了测试。在本文中,作者重新审视了监管网络计算设备(ReNCoDe),该设备现在具有反馈连接,并提供了根据该表示演变的典型解决方案的正式演示。作者还介绍了使用该模型的一个变体来处理具有多个输出的问题的一些初步结果。
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引用次数: 1
Object-Oriented Evolutionary Testing: A Review of Evolutionary Approaches to the Generation of Test Data for Object-Oriented Software 面向对象的进化测试:面向对象软件测试数据生成的进化方法综述
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014100102
A. Nogueira, J. Ribeiro, F. F. Vega, M. Z. Rela
In Object-Oriented Evolutionary Testing, metaheuristics are employed to select or generate Test Data for Object-Oriented software. The application of search-based strategies to the Software Testing of Object-Oriented Software is fairly recent and is yet to be investigated comprehensively; this article aims to explore, review and contextualize relevant literature and research in this area, while pinpointing open problems and setting grounds for future work.
在面向对象进化测试中,采用元启发式方法选择或生成面向对象软件的测试数据。基于搜索的策略在面向对象软件软件测试中的应用是最近才出现的,尚未得到全面的研究;本文旨在对这一领域的相关文献和研究进行探索、回顾和背景化,同时指出存在的问题,为今后的工作奠定基础。
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引用次数: 5
Condensing Biochemistry into Gene Regulatory Networks 将生物化学浓缩为基因调控网络
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014070101
A. Fuente
Gene Regulatory Networks are models of gene regulation. Inferring such model from genome-wide gene-expression measurements is one of the key challenges in modern biology, and a large number of algorithms have been proposed for this task. As there is still much confusion in the current literature as to what precisely Gene Regulatory Networks are, it is important to provide a definition that is as unambiguous as possible. In this paper the author provides such a definition and explain what Gene Regulatory Networks are in terms of the underlying biochemical processes. The author will use a linear approximation to the in general non-linear kinetics underlying interactions in biochemical systems and show how a biochemical system can be 'condensed' into a more compact description, i.e. Gene Regulatory Networks. Important differences between the defined Gene Regulatory Networks and other network models for gene regulation, i.e. Transcriptional Regulatory Networks and Co-Expression Networks, are also discussed.
基因调控网络是基因调控的模型。从全基因组的基因表达测量中推断出这样的模型是现代生物学的关键挑战之一,为此已经提出了大量的算法。由于目前文献中对于基因调控网络究竟是什么仍有很多困惑,因此提供一个尽可能明确的定义是很重要的。在本文中,作者提供了这样一个定义,并解释了什么是基因调控网络在潜在的生化过程。作者将对生化系统中潜在相互作用的一般非线性动力学使用线性近似,并展示生化系统如何被“浓缩”成更紧凑的描述,即基因调控网络。本文还讨论了已定义的基因调控网络与其他基因调控网络模型(即转录调控网络和共表达网络)之间的重要区别。
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引用次数: 1
Algorithms and Methods Inspired from Nature for Solving Supply Chain and Logistics Optimization Problems: A Survey 解决供应链和物流优化问题的自然启发算法和方法:综述
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014070102
G. Dounias, V. Vassiliadis
The current work surveys 245 papers and research reports related to algorithms and methods inspired from nature for solving supply chain and logistics optimization problems. Nature Inspired Intelligence (NII) is a challenging new subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) particularly capable of dealing with complex optimization problems. Related approaches are used either as stand-alone algorithms, or as hybrid schemes i.e. in combination to other AI techniques. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Bee Colonies, Artificial Immune Systems and DNA Computing are some of the most popular approaches belonging to nature inspired intelligence. On the other hand, supply chain management represents an interesting domain of OR applications, including a variety of hard optimization problems such as vehicle routing (VRP), travelling salesman (TSP), team orienteering, inventory, knapsack, supply network problems, etc. Nature inspired intelligent algorithms prove capable of identifying near optimal solutions for instances of those problems with high degree of complexity in a reasonable amount of time. Survey findings indicate that NII can cope successfully with almost any kind of supply chain optimization problem and tends to become a standard in related scientific literature during the last five years.
目前的工作调查了245篇论文和研究报告,这些论文和研究报告与解决供应链和物流优化问题的算法和方法有关。自然启发智能(NII)是人工智能(AI)的一个具有挑战性的新分支领域,特别是能够处理复杂的优化问题。相关方法可以作为独立算法使用,也可以作为混合方案使用,即与其他AI技术结合使用。蚁群优化(ACO)、粒子群优化、人工蜂群、人工免疫系统和DNA计算是属于自然启发智能的一些最流行的方法。另一方面,供应链管理代表了一个有趣的OR应用领域,包括各种各样的硬优化问题,如车辆路线(VRP)、旅行推销员(TSP)、团队定向、库存、背包、供应网络问题等。事实证明,受自然启发的智能算法能够在合理的时间内为那些高度复杂的问题实例识别出接近最优的解决方案。调查结果表明,NII可以成功地应对几乎任何类型的供应链优化问题,并在过去五年中成为相关科学文献的标准。
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引用次数: 12
Behavioral Biometrics: Categorization and Review 行为生物计量学:分类与回顾
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014070105
Roman V Yampolskiy, Nawaf Ali, Darryl D'Souza, Abdallah A. Mohamed
This work categorizes and reviews behavioral biometrics with the inclusion of future-oriented techniques. A general introduction to this field is given alongside the benefits of this non-intrusive approach. It presents the examination and analysis of the current research in the field and the different types of behavior-centric features. Accuracy rates for verifying users with different behavioral biometric approaches are compared. Privacy issues that will or may arise in the future with behavioral biometrics are also addressed. Finally, the general properties of behavior, the influence of environmental factors on observed behavior and the potential directions for future research in the field of behavioral biometrics are discussed.
这项工作分类和回顾行为生物识别技术,包括面向未来的技术。对该领域的一般介绍以及这种非侵入性方法的好处都给出了。对该领域目前的研究以及不同类型的行为中心特征进行了考察和分析。比较了不同行为生物识别方法验证用户的准确率。此外,还讨论了行为生物识别技术将来可能出现的隐私问题。最后,讨论了行为的一般性质、环境因素对观察行为的影响以及行为生物识别领域未来可能的研究方向。
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引用次数: 6
Application of the Cloud Computing for the Effective Implementation of the Medical Information System 云计算在医疗信息系统有效实施中的应用
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014070103
E. Kldiashvili
The field of healthcare informatics is rapidly evolving. The new models and protocols of medical information system (MIS) are developed. Despite obvious advantages and benefits, practical application of MIS in everyday practice is slow. Cloud computing have emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. "Cloud computing" the authors are going to define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources. Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources and services. It is plausible, that this technology has more potential and can improve health care services, benefit health care research, and change the face of health information technology. This can be solution for widespread and effective implementation of the medical information system. The present article will discuss the application of cloud computing for the medical information system practical usage. The ideal of healthcare in the information age must be to create knowledge from medical information and less time managing medical information and data. The application of easily available and adaptable technology and improvement of the infrastructure conditions is the basis for medical informatics applications. The usage of MIS holds the potential to improve, develop and realize medical service in the effective and comprehensive mode.
医疗保健信息学领域正在迅速发展。提出了新的医疗信息系统(MIS)模型和协议。尽管有明显的优势和好处,但在日常实践中的实际应用是缓慢的。云计算已经成为一个重要的新领域,与传统的分布式计算不同,它侧重于大规模共享、创新应用程序,在某些情况下还侧重于高性能。作者将“云计算”定义为在个人、机构和资源的动态集合之间灵活、安全、协调的资源共享。云计算是一种交付计算资源和服务的新方式。这似乎是合理的,这项技术有更多的潜力,可以改善卫生保健服务,有利于卫生保健研究,并改变卫生信息技术的面貌。这可以为医疗信息系统的广泛有效实施提供解决方案。本文将讨论云计算在医疗信息系统中的实际应用。信息时代医疗保健的理想必须是从医疗信息中创造知识,减少管理医疗信息和数据的时间。易获取、适应性强的技术的应用和基础设施条件的改善是医学信息学应用的基础。管理信息系统的应用具有改善、发展和实现有效、全面的医疗服务模式的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Visual Tracking Using Multimodal Particle Filter 使用多模态粒子滤波的视觉跟踪
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014070104
Tony Tung, T. Matsuyama
Visual tracking of humans or objects in motion is a challenging problem when observed data undergo appearance changes (e.g., due to illumination variations, occlusion, cluttered background, etc.). Moreover, tracking systems are usually initialized with predefined target templates, or trained beforehand using known datasets. Hence, they are not always efficient to detect and track objects whose appearance changes over time. In this paper, we propose a multimodal framework based on particle filtering for visual tracking of objects under challenging conditions (e.g., tracking various human body parts from multiple views). Particularly, the authors integrate various cues such as color, motion and depth in a global formulation. The Earth Mover distance is used to compare color models in a global fashion, and constraints on motion flow features prevent common drifting effects due to error propagation. In addition, the model features an online mechanism that adaptively updates a subspace of multimodal templates to cope with appearance changes. Furthermore, the proposed model is integrated in a practical detection and tracking process, and multiple instances can run in real-time. Experimental results are obtained on challenging real-world videos with poorly textured models and arbitrary non-linear motions.
当观察到的数据发生外观变化(例如,由于照明变化,遮挡,杂乱的背景等)时,运动中的人或物体的视觉跟踪是一个具有挑战性的问题。此外,跟踪系统通常使用预定义的目标模板初始化,或事先使用已知的数据集进行训练。因此,它们并不总是有效地检测和跟踪外观随时间变化的对象。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于粒子滤波的多模态框架,用于在具有挑战性的条件下(例如,从多个视图跟踪人体的各个部位)对物体进行视觉跟踪。特别是,作者在一个全局公式中整合了各种线索,如颜色,运动和深度。Earth Mover距离用于以全局方式比较颜色模型,并且对运动流特征的约束可以防止由于误差传播而导致的常见漂移效应。此外,该模型还具有在线机制,可以自适应地更新多模态模板的子空间以应对外观变化。此外,该模型集成在实际的检测和跟踪过程中,可以实时运行多个实例。实验结果在具有较差纹理模型和任意非线性运动的具有挑战性的真实世界视频中获得。
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引用次数: 2
PMCNS: Using a Progressively Stricter Fitness Criterion to Guide Novelty Search PMCNS:使用渐进式更严格的适应度标准来指导新颖性搜索
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014040101
Jorge C. Gomes, P. Urbano, A. Christensen
Novelty search is an evolutionary approach in which the population is driven towards behavioural innovation instead of towards a fixed objective. The use of behavioural novelty to score candidate solutions precludes convergence to local optima. However, in novelty search, significant effort may be spent on exploration of novel, but unfit behaviours. We propose progressive minimal criteria novelty search (PMCNS) to overcome this issue. In PMCNS, novelty search can freely explore the behaviour space as long as the solutions meet a progressively stricter fitness criterion. We evaluate the performance of our approach by evolving neurocontrollers for swarms of robots in two distinct tasks. Our results show that PMCNS outperforms fitness-based evolution and pure novelty search, and that PMCNS is superior to linear scalarisation of novelty and fitness scores. An analysis of behaviour space exploration shows that the benefits of novelty search are conserved in PMCNS despite the evolutionary pressure towards progressively fitter behaviours.
新奇搜索是一种进化的方法,在这种方法中,人们被驱使着进行行为创新,而不是朝着固定的目标前进。使用行为新颖性对候选解进行评分排除了收敛到局部最优的可能性。然而,在新颖性搜索中,大量的精力可能花在探索新颖但不合适的行为上。我们提出渐进式最小标准新颖性搜索(PMCNS)来克服这个问题。在PMCNS中,新颖性搜索可以自由地探索行为空间,只要解满足逐步严格的适应度准则。我们通过进化神经控制器来评估我们的方法在两个不同任务中的机器人群的性能。我们的研究结果表明,PMCNS优于基于适应度的进化和纯粹的新颖性搜索,并且PMCNS优于新颖性和适应度分数的线性缩放。对行为空间探索的分析表明,尽管进化压力使PMCNS逐渐适应行为,但新颖性搜索的好处在PMCNS中是保守的。
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引用次数: 6
SOSPD Controllers Tuning by Means of an Evolutionary Algorithm 基于进化算法的SOSPD控制器整定
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijncr.2014040103
Jesús-Antonio Hernández-Riveros, J. Urrea-Quintero
The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is the most widely used industrial device to monitoring and controlling processes. There are numerous methods for estimating the controller parameters, in general, resolving particular cases. Current trends in parameter estimation minimize an integral performance criterion. Therefore, the calculation of the controller parameters is proposed as an optimization problem. Although there are alternatives to the traditional rules of tuning, there is not yet a study showing that the use of heuristic algorithms it is indeed better than using the classic methods of optimal tuning. In this paper, the evolutionary algorithm MAGO is used as a tool to optimize the controller parameters. The procedure is applied to a range of standard plants modeled as a Second Order System plus Time Delay. Better results than traditional methods of optimal tuning, regardless of the operating mode of the controller, are yielded.
比例积分导数(PID)控制器是工业中应用最广泛的过程监控装置。估计控制器参数的方法有很多,一般来说,解决特殊情况。当前参数估计的趋势是最小化整体性能准则。因此,控制器参数的计算被提出为一个优化问题。虽然传统的调优规则有很多替代方法,但目前还没有研究表明启发式算法的使用确实比经典的最佳调优方法更好。本文采用进化算法MAGO作为优化控制器参数的工具。该方法被应用于一系列标准工厂的二阶系统加时滞模型。与传统的最优调谐方法相比,无论控制器的工作模式如何,都产生了更好的结果。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Int. J. Nat. Comput. Res.
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