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Proses Pemilu di Indonesia dari Sudut Pandang Pemantau Asing 从外国观察员的角度来看,印尼的选举进程
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.4.569
Topo Santoso
Indonesian general election 2004 is the second general election after the fall of Suharto's regime. There have been revolutionary changes on Indonesian general election law and system compare to Indonesian general election that took place during the New Order Regime. Indonesian general election 2004 got very large attention from around the world. Other state were willing to assist in election by providing international observers to closely look at the fairness, impartial process of election have been well achieved. Observation on general election means gather information on the process of election and give opinions based on information on the process of election and give opinion based on information which gathered by people that do not have any authority to intervene on the process. In contrast, Pengawas Pemilu (Indonesian General Election Observer) as a formal body which takes part on general election process has duties to observe, take reports, carry on the reports and settle any disputes. Therefore, Pengawas Pemilu has different functions and authorities compare to others. However, as long as people still do not have any confidence on the process regarding the fairness and neutrality of the general election committee, the role of general election observers is still very important.
2004年印尼大选是苏哈托政权倒台后的第二次大选。与新秩序政权时期的印尼大选相比,印尼大选的法律和制度发生了革命性的变化。2004年印尼大选引起了全世界的广泛关注。其他国家也愿意协助选举,提供国际观察员密切观察选举的公正性,选举过程也很好地实现了不偏不倚。大选观察是指收集选举过程的信息,根据选举过程的信息发表意见,并根据没有任何权力干预选举过程的人收集的信息发表意见。相比之下,Pengawas Pemilu(印度尼西亚大选观察员)作为一个参加大选过程的正式机构,有责任观察、提出报告、进行报告和解决任何争端。因此,彭加华的《培密录》具有不同于其他《培密录》的功能和权威。但是,只要国民对议会选举委员会的公正性和中立性仍然没有任何信心,议会选举观察员的作用仍然非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Konsep Tanggung Jawab Pimpinan dalam Hukum Pidana Internasional: Kajian atas Penerapan di Indonesia 国际法的领导责任概念:研究印尼的应用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.564
Hikmahanto Juwana
Commander's responsibility as a legal concept has been adapted in the Indonesian legal system. The term commander's responsibility has a specific definition, however the concept has not been comprehended well enforcement agency. In Abilio's case, for example, there has been misinterpretation of the concept. The concept of commander's responsibility under international law has been confused with superior responsibility under administrative law. The article intends to clarity the understanding of the concept and how it was implemented in the Abilio's case.
指挥官的责任作为一个法律概念已在印度尼西亚法律制度中加以调整。“指挥员责任”一词有明确的定义,但执法机构的概念一直没有得到很好的理解。例如,在Abilio的案例中,对这个概念存在误解。国际法规定的指挥官责任的概念与行政法规定的上级责任相混淆。本文旨在澄清对该概念的理解,以及如何在Abilio案例中实现该概念。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of IPRs Basic Provisions in CPTPP on Technology Transfer and Innovation - Suggestion in Indonesia CPTPP中知识产权基本条款对技术转移和创新的影响——印尼的建议
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL18.4.819
Nguyen Phan Quoc
Indonesia has expressed interest in signing the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). This is a new-generation free trade agreement considered a good signal for global economic integration. It is expected to create more opportunities and advantages for developing ASEAN countries (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam)in terms of investment, technology transfer (TT), and innovation. Some basic provisions regarding intellectual property rights (IPRs) support the transfer of foreign technologies to enhance innovation and competitiveness for domestic enterprises in these member developing countries. However, these provisions trigger several disadvantages, such as TT and innovation challenges. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impacts of IPRs’ basic provisions in CPTPP on technology transfer and innovation-suggestion in Indonesia. As an expert in TT, the author introduced some IPRs basic provisions of CPTPP and analyzed the impacts of these provisions on TT and innovation activities for developing countries. The result showed that Indonesia prepared the applicable laws in its accession to CPTPP.
印度尼西亚表示有兴趣签署《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)。这是新一代自由贸易协定,被认为是全球经济一体化的良好信号。预计它将在投资、技术转让和创新方面为发展中东盟国家(文莱、马来西亚、新加坡和越南)创造更多的机会和优势。关于知识产权的一些基本规定支持转让外国技术,以加强这些发展中成员国国内企业的创新和竞争力。然而,这些规定引发了一些缺点,如TT和创新挑战。因此,本研究旨在确定CPTPP中知识产权基本条款对印尼技术转移和创新建议的影响。作为技术转让领域的专家,作者介绍了CPTPP的一些知识产权基本条款,并分析了这些条款对发展中国家技术转让和创新活动的影响。结果表明,印尼准备了加入CPTPP的适用法律。
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引用次数: 0
Visually Impaired Persons and Access to Copyrighted Works: The Indian Roadmap 视障人士与获得版权作品:印度路线图
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL18.4.821
Anaja Girish, Saraswathy Vaidyanathan
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引用次数: 0
The Implementation of the Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) Protection in Indonesia Based on Article 38 Law Number 28 of 2014 regarding Copyright 基于2014年第28号版权法第38条的印度尼西亚传统文化表现形式(TCE)保护的实施
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol18.4.823
Prasetyo Hadi Purwandoko, A. Sulistiyono, M. Hawin
Indonesia as a multicultural and multi-ethnicity country has a wide Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) which needs active protection as a cultural heritage from extinction and to provide certain economic benefits. However, a lot of elements are endangered due to the effect of globalization, lack of facilities, appreciation, and comprehension which cause erosion of values, functions, and cultural elements. This research was, therefore, conducted to discuss the implementation of TCE protection in Indonesia based on Article 38 Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright (Copyright Law 2014). It was concluded that the implementation of TCE protection is through the Draft of Governmental Decree concerning TCE but this draft has not been promulgated.
印度尼西亚作为一个多元文化和多民族的国家,有着广泛的传统文化表现形式(TCE),作为一种文化遗产,需要积极保护,防止灭绝,并提供一定的经济效益。然而,由于全球化的影响,缺乏设施、欣赏和理解,导致价值、功能和文化元素的侵蚀,许多元素濒临灭绝。因此,本研究是根据2014年第28号版权法(Copyright Law 2014)第38条,讨论在印度尼西亚实施TCE保护。结论是,通过《关于技职教育的政府法令草案》来实施技职教育保护,但该草案尚未颁布。
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引用次数: 5
International Law Review in the Assassination of General Qasem Soleimani 苏莱曼尼将军遇刺事件中的国际法评论
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL18.4.824
D. Yulianti, Hasan Sidik, Mu’min Mu’min
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引用次数: 1
Critical Examination of the Intellectual Property Regimes in the Gulf-Co-operation Council (GCC) States 对海湾合作委员会(GCC)国家知识产权制度的批判性审查
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol18.4.822
N. Naim
The research focuses on the intellectual property developments made by the member states of the GCC and how intellectual property development and subsequent deployment, can act as a catalyst for financial prosperity. The main purpose of the research is to analyse and examine the intellectual property provisions currently in existence within the states of the GCC. The aim is to provide recommendations to improve the current level of intellectual property protection at both a national level and at a state level in the GCC through an integrated intellectual property protection model. There have been three main stages in the development of intellectual property in the Gulf states; a pre Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) stage, the current level of TRIPS compliance and a push towards TRIPS Plus. To date, each individual Gulf state has developed its intellectual property laws at varying rates. Post 2000, the Gulf states all display a set of intellectual property laws that are largely compliant with TRIPS. Therefore a question arises as to how much scope there is in the current laws to accede to more stringent intellectual property provisions. The research will show this is a key question for the GCC, its international partners and the wider trading communities of the WTO. The findings of the research are that the GCC does not have the capacity to take on TRIPS Plus provisions without compromising its sharia laws and value and that instead an integrated intellectual property protection model is needed.
本研究的重点是海湾合作委员会成员国的知识产权发展,以及知识产权发展和随后的部署如何成为金融繁荣的催化剂。这项研究的主要目的是分析和审查海合会各国目前存在的知识产权规定。其目的是提出建议,通过综合的知识产权保护模式,提高海湾合作委员会国家和州一级目前的知识产权保护水平。海湾国家知识产权的发展经历了三个主要阶段;与贸易有关的知识产权(TRIPS)的前阶段,当前的TRIPS遵守水平和推动TRIPS +。迄今为止,每个海湾国家都以不同的速度制定了自己的知识产权法。2000年后,海湾国家都出台了一套基本符合TRIPS的知识产权法。因此,出现了一个问题,即现行法律有多大余地加入更严格的知识产权规定。研究将表明,这是海湾合作委员会、其国际伙伴以及世贸组织更广泛的贸易团体面临的一个关键问题。这项研究的结果是,海湾合作委员会没有能力在不损害其伊斯兰教法和价值观的情况下接受《与贸易有关的知识产权附加协定》的条款,相反,需要一种综合的知识产权保护模式。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual Property Rights and Public Policy on the Role of Plain Packaging and Health Care in India 知识产权和关于印度普通包装和卫生保健作用的公共政策
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL18.4.820
A. K. Vishwakarma, Maria Devi Angerhofer
Although tobacco is a multi-billion-dollar industry globally, its consumers are prone to various non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, heart attack, etc. Therefore, to prevent this, many states have taken initiatives to discourage the consumption of this harmful product. Many international organizations like World Health Organization (WHO) have supported these preventive measures through The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). The main objective of this convention is to encourage the concept of packaging all brands of tobacco products in a uniform standard, which is known as the Plain packaging process. This was the first initiative adopted by Australia. This research aims to determine the intellectual property rights and public policy on the role of plain packaging and health care in India as a developing country and the best strategy to tackle these issues. The authors have also made efforts to have a comparative study of New Zealand, Australia, Bangladesh, etc for better understanding.
虽然烟草在全球是一个价值数十亿美元的产业,但其消费者容易患上各种非传染性疾病,如癌症、心脏病发作等。因此,为了防止这种情况的发生,许多州都采取了措施来阻止这种有害产品的消费。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)等许多国际组织通过《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》支持这些预防措施。本公约的主要目标是鼓励以统一标准包装所有品牌烟草制品的概念,即所谓的普通包装过程。这是澳大利亚通过的第一个倡议。这项研究的目的是确定印度作为一个发展中国家关于普通包装和卫生保健的作用的知识产权和公共政策,以及解决这些问题的最佳战略。作者还努力对新西兰、澳大利亚、孟加拉国等国进行了比较研究,以便更好地了解。
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引用次数: 0
Consignment in Land Acquisition 征地委托
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL8.1.253
Arie S. Hutagalung and Triska Sationo
This paper provides an overview of land acquisition for public interest projects with a focus on a specific aspect of the process: the consignment of the compensation payment in court when an affected land owner rejects the compensation offered by the government institution that requires the land. Consignment has become a common practice in cases where the government and land owner can not reach a mutual agreement on land compensation during the negotiation time frame established by regulation. The first part of this paper presents some general facts about consignment and how it is regulated in Indonesia. The second part describes some current cases of consignment in land acquisition. The third part clarifies some parts in the current regulation which cause delays to land acquisition and have negative social effects especially related to consignment. The last part of the paper suggests some policies which may facilitate land acquisition in Indonesia.
本文概述了公共利益项目的土地征用,重点关注了该过程的一个特定方面:当受影响的土地所有者拒绝政府机构提供的补偿时,在法庭上支付赔偿金的委托。在法律规定的协商期限内,政府与土地所有人无法就土地补偿达成一致时,寄售已成为一种普遍的做法。本文的第一部分提出了一些关于寄售的一般事实,以及如何在印度尼西亚进行监管。第二部分介绍了土地征用中委托交易的一些现状。第三部分明确了现行法规中存在的导致征地拖延和产生负面社会效应的部分,特别是与土地出让相关的部分。文章的最后部分提出了促进印尼土地征收的政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
International Law Reform towards the Flood of Future Climate Change Refugees 应对未来气候变化难民潮的国际法改革
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol8.1.251
Mohamed Mowjoon Athambawa
The popularity of the term “climate change refugees” has been dramatically increasing with the awareness and the disaster of the global warming. The prophecy for mass forced migrations as the consequence of climate change is deplorable. A scandalous statistics revealed that 200 million people would become climate change refugees by 2050. However there is a huge fortification gap in the international legal system which addresses the climate change refugees. Recently academics, lawyers and governments have identified the issues related to climate change refugees and realized the urgency of the formation of policies regarding the protection of the climate change refugees in remedying the plight of this category of the world population. As the first step in handling this dilemma, academics, lawyers, governments and all the stakeholders find it tricky to define the term climate change refugees. Because no one factor, event or process, inevitably results in forced migration and there are a wide range of variables contribute to the definition of the term “climate change refugees”. Different theorists have defined the term differently to distinguish a new category of displaced people. Forced migration and dislocation caused by environmental factors or natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods and man made disasters, such as war and industrial accidents have affected the universe since its existence. Before looking at the international legal constitution, it is necessary to look at the causes of environmentally displaced people in order to offer a complete protection for ‘climate change refugees’. This paper aims to identify who are the ‘climate change refugees’, the gaps in the international legal system which addresses the dilemma of the climate change refugees and proposes a fresh definition for the term “climate change refugees “ and a novel approach for dealing with the plight of this class of people in international legal system.
随着人们对全球变暖的意识和灾难的认识,“气候变化难民”一词的流行程度急剧增加。气候变化导致大规模被迫移民的预言令人遗憾。一项令人震惊的统计数据显示,到2050年,将有2亿人成为气候变化难民。然而,应对气候变化难民的国际法律体系存在着巨大的缺口。近年来,学术界、法律界和各国政府已经认识到气候变化难民的相关问题,并意识到制定保护气候变化难民的政策对于补救这一类世界人口困境的紧迫性。作为解决这一困境的第一步,学者、律师、政府和所有利益相关者都发现,给气候变化难民这个词下个定义很棘手。因为没有任何一个因素、事件或过程不可避免地导致被迫移徙,而且对“气候变化难民”一词的定义有广泛的变量。不同的理论家对这个术语有不同的定义,以区分新的流离失所者类别。由于环境因素或地震、洪水等自然灾害以及战争、工业事故等人为灾害造成的被迫迁移和流离失所,自宇宙存在以来就一直影响着宇宙。在看国际法律宪法之前,有必要看看环境流离失所者的原因,以便为“气候变化难民”提供完整的保护。本文旨在确定谁是“气候变化难民”,解决气候变化难民困境的国际法律体系的差距,并提出了“气候变化难民”一词的新定义和处理这类人在国际法律体系中的困境的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law
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