Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.2.408
Harkristuti Harkrisnowo
Transnational organized crime has become a burning issue for the international community the past decade. Money laundering, human trafficking, drug trafficking, terrorism and firearms smuggling are examples of illicit dealing committed by organized criminal groups for their material or other gain at the expense of the rest of the society. The evasiveness and complicity of illegal organizations committing such crimes have compelled the United Nations to adopt a number of conventions including their protocols in order to combat their widening activities. Indonesia is taking similar steps, especially through legislative measures, despite the desperate conditions faced by the nations in term of law enforcement in general. Nonetheless, as victim of a number of crimes, which, among others, are alleged, to have been committed by transnational organized criminal, Indonesia is in dire need to take more serious measures in addition to legislative ones, including international and regional cooperations. Eventhough such decisions are in the hands of the ruling elite, the role of public, particularly the civil society should not be neglected.
{"title":"Transnational Organized Crime: dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi","authors":"Harkristuti Harkrisnowo","doi":"10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.2.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.2.408","url":null,"abstract":"Transnational organized crime has become a burning issue for the international community the past decade. Money laundering, human trafficking, drug trafficking, terrorism and firearms smuggling are examples of illicit dealing committed by organized criminal groups for their material or other gain at the expense of the rest of the society. The evasiveness and complicity of illegal organizations committing such crimes have compelled the United Nations to adopt a number of conventions including their protocols in order to combat their widening activities. Indonesia is taking similar steps, especially through legislative measures, despite the desperate conditions faced by the nations in term of law enforcement in general. Nonetheless, as victim of a number of crimes, which, among others, are alleged, to have been committed by transnational organized criminal, Indonesia is in dire need to take more serious measures in addition to legislative ones, including international and regional cooperations. Eventhough such decisions are in the hands of the ruling elite, the role of public, particularly the civil society should not be neglected.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80337985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol1.1.168
Bo Asolund, Romeo A. Reyes
The safety from chronic threats such as hunger, malnutrition, disease and repression, also protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns or routine of daily life are two main aspects of human security in UNDPs view. Human security is distinct and should not be confused with the traditional concept of national securiy. Human security is linked to human development, development that is people-centered, inclusive, equitable and sustainable, for the simple reason that the latter leads to the former. If human development is the road to human security, then the MDGs are the road map guiding countries in their journey. The MDGs consists on several points, as follows: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equability and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure enviromental sustainability, and last is developing a global partnership for development. There are several important stages for Indonesias journey to reach a human security stage.
{"title":"HUMAN SECURITY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE MILLENUIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS","authors":"Bo Asolund, Romeo A. Reyes","doi":"10.17304/ijil.vol1.1.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol1.1.168","url":null,"abstract":"The safety from chronic threats such as hunger, malnutrition, disease and repression, also protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns or routine of daily life are two main aspects of human security in UNDPs view. Human security is distinct and should not be confused with the traditional concept of national securiy. Human security is linked to human development, development that is people-centered, inclusive, equitable and sustainable, for the simple reason that the latter leads to the former. If human development is the road to human security, then the MDGs are the road map guiding countries in their journey. The MDGs consists on several points, as follows: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equability and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure enviromental sustainability, and last is developing a global partnership for development. There are several important stages for Indonesias journey to reach a human security stage.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72746505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.562
Romli Atmasasmita
Saat ini kejahatan transnasional terorganisir berkembang sangat pesat disebabkan adanya liberalisasi perdangangan, perkembangan teknologi komunikasi yang menakjubkan, dan tekanan dari penegakan hukum yang semakin membaik hampir di seluruh negara. Salah satu kejahatan besar yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah perdagangan manusia, khususnya wanita dan anak-anak. Untuk menangani jenis kejahatan ini, cara yang paling efektif adalah dengan melakukan kerjasama internasional. Hal inilah yang mendorong dihasilkannya United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Konvensi Palermo) beserta ketiga protokolnya yang menyatakan dengan tegas beberapa kejahatan sebagai kejahatan transnasional. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri, dalam kerja sama internasional yang telah terjalin, terbentar pada beberapa permasalahan disamping ditemukan beberapa kemungkinan yang perlu dijajaki untuk menangani kejahatan ini. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang telah menandatangani Konvensi Palermo dan protokolnya tengah mempersiapkan instrumene rancangan ratifikasi. Sejauh ini, di Indonesia terdapat beberapa kasus perdagangan wanita dan anak-anak yang berhasil digagalkan dan diproses hingga ke pengadilan.
{"title":"International Cooperation On Combating Human Trafficking Especially Women And Children: A View from Indonesia","authors":"Romli Atmasasmita","doi":"10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.562","url":null,"abstract":"Saat ini kejahatan transnasional terorganisir berkembang sangat pesat disebabkan adanya liberalisasi perdangangan, perkembangan teknologi komunikasi yang menakjubkan, dan tekanan dari penegakan hukum yang semakin membaik hampir di seluruh negara. Salah satu kejahatan besar yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah perdagangan manusia, khususnya wanita dan anak-anak. Untuk menangani jenis kejahatan ini, cara yang paling efektif adalah dengan melakukan kerjasama internasional. Hal inilah yang mendorong dihasilkannya United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Konvensi Palermo) beserta ketiga protokolnya yang menyatakan dengan tegas beberapa kejahatan sebagai kejahatan transnasional. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri, dalam kerja sama internasional yang telah terjalin, terbentar pada beberapa permasalahan disamping ditemukan beberapa kemungkinan yang perlu dijajaki untuk menangani kejahatan ini. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang telah menandatangani Konvensi Palermo dan protokolnya tengah mempersiapkan instrumene rancangan ratifikasi. Sejauh ini, di Indonesia terdapat beberapa kasus perdagangan wanita dan anak-anak yang berhasil digagalkan dan diproses hingga ke pengadilan.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"81 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77228479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.3.238
Satya Arinanto
Human rights issue was born as a result from Nazi Era by the occurrence of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Human rights are meant to be universal by definition. The non-aligned countries generally consider human rights as western concept. The writer in this article is questioned whether or not other cultures have a concept of human rights. If they have a certain concept of human rights, the next question is whether or not it resembles that of the Universal Declaration. The writer finds it still difficult to build a bridge between universality and relativity of human rights concepts. Finally, the writer concludes that cultural relativity is real and an undeniable fact.
{"title":"HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL NON-ALIGNED COUNTRIES’ DEBATES ON UNIVERSALISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM, AND CURRENT HUMAN RIGHTS DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA","authors":"Satya Arinanto","doi":"10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.3.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.3.238","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights issue was born as a result from Nazi Era by the occurrence of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Human rights are meant to be universal by definition. The non-aligned countries generally consider human rights as western concept. The writer in this article is questioned whether or not other cultures have a concept of human rights. If they have a certain concept of human rights, the next question is whether or not it resembles that of the Universal Declaration. The writer finds it still difficult to build a bridge between universality and relativity of human rights concepts. Finally, the writer concludes that cultural relativity is real and an undeniable fact.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.561
Muladi
Membandingkan Konvesi Roma mengenai ICC (International Criminal Court) dengan UU No. 26/2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Merupakan suatu langkah awal yang harus dilakukan apabila ada niat pemerintah untuk meratafikasi Kovensi Roma. Sebagai syarat utama meratifikasi Konvensi Roma adalah menghindari adanya suatu ketidaksesuaian antara hukum nasional yang berlaku dengan Kovensi Roma. Negara mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk melakukan penuntutan dan menyelaraskan hukum pidana dan hukum acara pidananya sesuai dengan konvensi. Konvensi Roma menyatakan "No reservations may be made to this Statute". Namun dalam UU No. 26/2000 penyelarasan yang dilakukan secara parsial telah menimbulkan suatu permasalahan dalam praktiknya. Komunitas Hukum di Indonesia sangat mengerti konsekuensi dari meratifikasi. Konvesi Roma seperti melakukan kerjasama dengan ICC dalam hal penyelidikan, penangkapan, dan pemindahan tersangka. Akan tetapi harus juga dipikirkan faktor lain seperti dimungkinkannya ekstradiksi terhadap warga negara sendiri, menjamin berlakunya yurisdiiksi universal. Dengan demikian beberapa hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan sebelum melakukan ratifikasi terhadap Konvesi Roma, agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam mengambil kebijakan.
将罗马国际刑事法院(International Criminal Court)的证词与2000 / 26人权法院(human rights Court)的第一步进行比较，是政府为了消除罗马的承诺而采取的行动的第一步。批准《罗马公约》的主要条件是，避免将有效的国家法律与罗马的句子相冲突。国家有责任对其起诉负责，并将其刑法和诉讼的法律与惯例相协调。《罗马公约》说:“在这种情况下可能没有预订。”但是在2000 / 26号法案中部分实施的对齐使其的实践出现了问题。印度尼西亚的法律界非常清楚批准的后果。这就像与国际刑事法庭合作调查、逮捕和驱逐嫌疑人。但也要考虑其他因素，比如他允许自己越权，确保其普遍管辖权。因此，在批准罗马会议之前，必须考虑几件事，以防止政策出错。
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) IN COMPARISON WITH THE INDONESIAN HUMAN RIGTHS COURT","authors":"Muladi","doi":"10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol1.4.561","url":null,"abstract":"Membandingkan Konvesi Roma mengenai ICC (International Criminal Court) dengan UU No. 26/2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Merupakan suatu langkah awal yang harus dilakukan apabila ada niat pemerintah untuk meratafikasi Kovensi Roma. Sebagai syarat utama meratifikasi Konvensi Roma adalah menghindari adanya suatu ketidaksesuaian antara hukum nasional yang berlaku dengan Kovensi Roma. Negara mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk melakukan penuntutan dan menyelaraskan hukum pidana dan hukum acara pidananya sesuai dengan konvensi. Konvensi Roma menyatakan \"No reservations may be made to this Statute\". Namun dalam UU No. 26/2000 penyelarasan yang dilakukan secara parsial telah menimbulkan suatu permasalahan dalam praktiknya. Komunitas Hukum di Indonesia sangat mengerti konsekuensi dari meratifikasi. Konvesi Roma seperti melakukan kerjasama dengan ICC dalam hal penyelidikan, penangkapan, dan pemindahan tersangka. Akan tetapi harus juga dipikirkan faktor lain seperti dimungkinkannya ekstradiksi terhadap warga negara sendiri, menjamin berlakunya yurisdiiksi universal. Dengan demikian beberapa hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan sebelum melakukan ratifikasi terhadap Konvesi Roma, agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam mengambil kebijakan.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80915712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.220
R. Pulungan
The Malacca Strait, together with the Singapore Strait, are two of the most important straits in the world and consequently there is significant traffic through them, reported to be approximately 60,000 vessels a year. The rising number of violent and well-coordinated attacks on transiting ships in these straits has become a very serious problem, such as threats of unauthorized boarding; theft of personal property, cargo and the ships themselves; and violence against, and the kidnapping or murder of, seafarers. One effort which is likely to enhance security in the Malacca Straits is the establishment of 'joint patrol areas', where more than one of the three littoral states will have the right to patrol and arrest persons and vessels where there is an incident of piracy. Extra regional assistance is also necessary to suppres and prevent piracy and maritime terrorism in the Malacca Strait, however the proposal by the United States to deploy its troops to help with patrolling these straits may violate the national soverignty of the three littoral states. Therefore, the foreign assistance given by the major user states should be given in other forms such as providing more advanced technology for combating piracy and terrorism, training for personnel who patrol the Malacca and Singapore straits and sharing intelligence information to prevent piracy and maritime terrorist attacks.
{"title":"ENHANCING MARITIME SECURITY IN THE MALACCA STRAIT: COOPERATION AGAINST PIRACY AND MARITIME TERRORISM","authors":"R. Pulungan","doi":"10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.220","url":null,"abstract":"The Malacca Strait, together with the Singapore Strait, are two of the most important straits in the world and consequently there is significant traffic through them, reported to be approximately 60,000 vessels a year. The rising number of violent and well-coordinated attacks on transiting ships in these straits has become a very serious problem, such as threats of unauthorized boarding; theft of personal property, cargo and the ships themselves; and violence against, and the kidnapping or murder of, seafarers. One effort which is likely to enhance security in the Malacca Straits is the establishment of 'joint patrol areas', where more than one of the three littoral states will have the right to patrol and arrest persons and vessels where there is an incident of piracy. Extra regional assistance is also necessary to suppres and prevent piracy and maritime terrorism in the Malacca Strait, however the proposal by the United States to deploy its troops to help with patrolling these straits may violate the national soverignty of the three littoral states. Therefore, the foreign assistance given by the major user states should be given in other forms such as providing more advanced technology for combating piracy and terrorism, training for personnel who patrol the Malacca and Singapore straits and sharing intelligence information to prevent piracy and maritime terrorist attacks.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79182561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.3.514
Adijaya Yusuf
{"title":"Sengketa antara Malaysia dan Singapura tentang Aktivitas Reklamasi Pantai di dan di sekitar Selat Johor","authors":"Adijaya Yusuf","doi":"10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.3.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/IJIL.VOL1.3.514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78698858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.219
A. Afriansyah
International armed conflicts is not only threatened the existence of human being, but also brought great environmental damage that has served to raise the international community's deep concern. The conflicting parties are liable for violations of their international obligations including damages to the environment. The obligations of warring parties to protect the environment are sourced not only from treaty law but also from customary law. Even though the conflict has ceased, they are still liable for the violations as long as the damages continue. That is why the legal concept of State offers an important doctrine in international conflicts offering the basis of reparation for damaged environment which needing prompt action to be taken by the responsible State.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW","authors":"A. Afriansyah","doi":"10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/IJIL.VOL7.2.219","url":null,"abstract":"International armed conflicts is not only threatened the existence of human being, but also brought great environmental damage that has served to raise the international community's deep concern. The conflicting parties are liable for violations of their international obligations including damages to the environment. The obligations of warring parties to protect the environment are sourced not only from treaty law but also from customary law. Even though the conflict has ceased, they are still liable for the violations as long as the damages continue. That is why the legal concept of State offers an important doctrine in international conflicts offering the basis of reparation for damaged environment which needing prompt action to be taken by the responsible State.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81943659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol7.1.228
A. Manurung
This paper discusses three areas, namely investment, investors’ characteristics, and a place of investment, which is stock market. In investing in stock market, investors need to utilize funds which are not currently used so they would not worry about the decrease value that may occur in a short term. Investors need to understand the risks which can be tolerated to invest. On the other hand, investors must be protected to prevent inappropriate transactions. Regulators must endorse rules regularly revised to suit the existing condition that can satisfy many parties.
{"title":"INVESTING AND PROTECTION OF INVESTOR IN STOCK MARKET","authors":"A. Manurung","doi":"10.17304/ijil.vol7.1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol7.1.228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses three areas, namely investment, investors’ characteristics, and a place of investment, which is stock market. In investing in stock market, investors need to utilize funds which are not currently used so they would not worry about the decrease value that may occur in a short term. Investors need to understand the risks which can be tolerated to invest. On the other hand, investors must be protected to prevent inappropriate transactions. Regulators must endorse rules regularly revised to suit the existing condition that can satisfy many parties.","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90991848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol4.3.150
Asiantono Siambella
{"title":"Doha Development Agenda Negotiations on Agriculutal Sector","authors":"Asiantono Siambella","doi":"10.17304/ijil.vol4.3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol4.3.150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36998,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86278447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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