The supply of oxygen and glucose by blood flow is vital to the normal function of the brain and the deficit of either of these metabolism elements can cause severe degradation of the brain functionality. The transport of materials in the complex multi-branching structure of the cerebral vasculature is investigated to predict brain oxygenation under normal conditions. A mathematical model of material transport due to pulsatile flow in a complex dichotomous branching tree network was developed which incorporated material-geometry interaction and diffusion across the blood vessel wall. Unlike previous work, this modelling work includes the full network structure and incorporates time-dependent flow. The predicted results indicate some effect of the flow transients on the propagation of the material introduced at the root segment in the vascular network. The effect was more pronounced in the case of constant blood viscosity. The transport model addressed the issue of oxygen transport in the cerebral vascular branching network with the inclusion of red blood cell (RBC) separation at bifurcation points. The predicted results indicate the significance of the vascular network geometry and RBC-bifurcation point interaction in defining the homogeneity of flow and oxygenation by the fractal vasculature. The simulations are found to be able to provide insights into the transport of materials by the blood circulation in the cerebral vasculature and the various factors which
{"title":"Transport by pulsatile flow in a branching network of cerebral vasculature","authors":"I. Sutalo, A. Bui, K. Liffman, R. Manasseh","doi":"10.2495/BIO130021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130021","url":null,"abstract":"The supply of oxygen and glucose by blood flow is vital to the normal function of the brain and the deficit of either of these metabolism elements can cause severe degradation of the brain functionality. The transport of materials in the complex multi-branching structure of the cerebral vasculature is investigated to predict brain oxygenation under normal conditions. A mathematical model of material transport due to pulsatile flow in a complex dichotomous branching tree network was developed which incorporated material-geometry interaction and diffusion across the blood vessel wall. Unlike previous work, this modelling work includes the full network structure and incorporates time-dependent flow. The predicted results indicate some effect of the flow transients on the propagation of the material introduced at the root segment in the vascular network. The effect was more pronounced in the case of constant blood viscosity. The transport model addressed the issue of oxygen transport in the cerebral vascular branching network with the inclusion of red blood cell (RBC) separation at bifurcation points. The predicted results indicate the significance of the vascular network geometry and RBC-bifurcation point interaction in defining the homogeneity of flow and oxygenation by the fractal vasculature. The simulations are found to be able to provide insights into the transport of materials by the blood circulation in the cerebral vasculature and the various factors which","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"17 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132914018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major problems in todays medicine and the number of patients increase worldwide. To treat these type of diseases, prior knowledge about function and dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is essential to identify the disease in an early stage. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool for prediction and investigation of the cardiovascular system. It has been shown, that the Windkessel model, drawing an analogy between electrical circuits and fluid flow, is an eective method to model the human cardiovascular system. The aims of this work are the derivation of a computational cardiovascular model for the arm arteries, and to analyze the behavior of the vascular network structure by parameter sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is essential for parameter estimation and simplification of cardiovascular models. In optimal experiment design (OED) sensitivity analysis is used to construct experiments and corresponding models that allow the interpretation of cardiovascular measurements in an eective manner. In this paper we have applied sensitivity analysis to a linear elastic model of the arm arteries to find sensitive parameters and their confidence intervals that guide us to the estimation of cardiovascular network parameters. To calculate the percentage eect on the measurable state variables pressure and flow, with respect to percentage change in cardiovascular input parameters, we use norms. This method allows us to quantify and verify results obtained by sensitivity analysis. The sensitivities with respect to flow resistance, arterial compliance and flow inertia, reveal that the flow resistance and diameter of the vessels are most sensitive parameters. Those parameters play a key role in diagnoses of severe stenosis and aneurysms. In contrast, wall thickness and elastic modulus are found to be less sensitive.
{"title":"Local sensitivity analysis of cardiovascular system parameters","authors":"R. Gul, S. Bernhard","doi":"10.2495/BIO130141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130141","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is one of the major problems in todays medicine and the number of patients increase worldwide. To treat these type of diseases, prior knowledge about function and dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is essential to identify the disease in an early stage. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool for prediction and investigation of the cardiovascular system. It has been shown, that the Windkessel model, drawing an analogy between electrical circuits and fluid flow, is an eective method to model the human cardiovascular system. The aims of this work are the derivation of a computational cardiovascular model for the arm arteries, and to analyze the behavior of the vascular network structure by parameter sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is essential for parameter estimation and simplification of cardiovascular models. In optimal experiment design (OED) sensitivity analysis is used to construct experiments and corresponding models that allow the interpretation of cardiovascular measurements in an eective manner. In this paper we have applied sensitivity analysis to a linear elastic model of the arm arteries to find sensitive parameters and their confidence intervals that guide us to the estimation of cardiovascular network parameters. To calculate the percentage eect on the measurable state variables pressure and flow, with respect to percentage change in cardiovascular input parameters, we use norms. This method allows us to quantify and verify results obtained by sensitivity analysis. The sensitivities with respect to flow resistance, arterial compliance and flow inertia, reveal that the flow resistance and diameter of the vessels are most sensitive parameters. Those parameters play a key role in diagnoses of severe stenosis and aneurysms. In contrast, wall thickness and elastic modulus are found to be less sensitive.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130232913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the development of new strategies for different spine fixation methods, new methods must be tested biomechanically under in vitro conditions before clinical trials can be performed. The effect of different conservation mode on the mechanical properties of vertebrae is an important question. The aim of our research was to determine the effects of three different conservation methods (fresh, no conservation – F; fresh-frozen – FF, alcohol-glycerin-fixation – AG; cooling-storage – CS). 100 swine vertebrae (Th4-Th8) were dimidiated into two specimens. These 200 specimens were assigned to four different groups. After conservation, the Young modulus and compressive strength were determined and compared to the same properties of fresh specimens. After 48-hour cooling the Young modulus and the compressive strength decreased by 39%. After 27-day freezing the Young modulus and the compressive strength decreased by 5%. After 27-day storage in ethyl-alcohol the Young modulus decreased by 12% and the compressive strength increased by 57%. The different conservation methods significantly influenced the mechanical properties of swine vertebrae. Mechanical properties were influenced less by frozen storage, so this type of storage is recommended for the conservation of vertebrae.
{"title":"Effect of different conservation methods on some mechanical properties of swine bone","authors":"G. Szebényi, P. Görög, Á. Török, R. Kiss","doi":"10.2495/BIO130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130201","url":null,"abstract":"In the development of new strategies for different spine fixation methods, new methods must be tested biomechanically under in vitro conditions before clinical trials can be performed. The effect of different conservation mode on the mechanical properties of vertebrae is an important question. The aim of our research was to determine the effects of three different conservation methods (fresh, no conservation – F; fresh-frozen – FF, alcohol-glycerin-fixation – AG; cooling-storage – CS). 100 swine vertebrae (Th4-Th8) were dimidiated into two specimens. These 200 specimens were assigned to four different groups. After conservation, the Young modulus and compressive strength were determined and compared to the same properties of fresh specimens. After 48-hour cooling the Young modulus and the compressive strength decreased by 39%. After 27-day freezing the Young modulus and the compressive strength decreased by 5%. After 27-day storage in ethyl-alcohol the Young modulus decreased by 12% and the compressive strength increased by 57%. The different conservation methods significantly influenced the mechanical properties of swine vertebrae. Mechanical properties were influenced less by frozen storage, so this type of storage is recommended for the conservation of vertebrae.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122981299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information security in healthcare and medical privacy is the current issue in modern society. The increase in technological complexity of medical devices and systems does not only improve efficiency, but also influences the risks of loss and change of personal health information. The most important problems of information security in healthcare are the access control to medical personal data and security data transmission. In this paper it is illustrated how these two problems can be solved with a biometric approach. The biometric technology using heart sounds and acoustic characteristics of the circulatory system allows for construction of flexible information security systems, adapted to the specific characteristics of medical electronic devices. Unlike other biometric technologies, the system of human authentication using heart sounds does not require active data input and provides a reliable working system. In this approach the information security system uses the data that a medical device gets during human condition monitoring. This feature does not complicate a medical device by system information security.
{"title":"Information Security Of Healthcare Systems:Using A Biometric Approach","authors":"E. Andreeva","doi":"10.2495/BIO130101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130101","url":null,"abstract":"Information security in healthcare and medical privacy is the current issue in modern society. The increase in technological complexity of medical devices and systems does not only improve efficiency, but also influences the risks of loss and change of personal health information. The most important problems of information security in healthcare are the access control to medical personal data and security data transmission. In this paper it is illustrated how these two problems can be solved with a biometric approach. The biometric technology using heart sounds and acoustic characteristics of the circulatory system allows for construction of flexible information security systems, adapted to the specific characteristics of medical electronic devices. Unlike other biometric technologies, the system of human authentication using heart sounds does not require active data input and provides a reliable working system. In this approach the information security system uses the data that a medical device gets during human condition monitoring. This feature does not complicate a medical device by system information security.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115469747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the work presented in this paper is focused on the super-resolution technique for image processing in order to measure efficiently the diameter of the human artery. This work can find crucial applications in avoiding cerebral aneurisms if the physician has a good monitoring tool that can allow him to get this information early on the basis of the analysis of cerebral artery images. For this purpose, we have used a simulated artery home probe made of silicon and this model had been scanned by Phillips flat panel scanner (ALURA FD 20) with a resolution of 0.035mm. We have developed software based on the superresolution algorithm using the multi-scale wavelet analysis and able to reconstruct a high resolution image closest to the reality from a low resolution image. We have applied our image processing software to many images and have carried out a comparison with a super-resolution technique based on polynomial interpolation or B-splines interpolation and find out that our method yields better measurements of the artery diameter.
{"title":"Efficient measurements of the diameter of the human artery using super-resolution imaging technique based on multi-scale wavelet analysis","authors":"S. Mekaoui, S. TchoketchKebir, K. Ghoumid","doi":"10.2495/BIO130131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130131","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work presented in this paper is focused on the super-resolution technique for image processing in order to measure efficiently the diameter of the human artery. This work can find crucial applications in avoiding cerebral aneurisms if the physician has a good monitoring tool that can allow him to get this information early on the basis of the analysis of cerebral artery images. For this purpose, we have used a simulated artery home probe made of silicon and this model had been scanned by Phillips flat panel scanner (ALURA FD 20) with a resolution of 0.035mm. We have developed software based on the superresolution algorithm using the multi-scale wavelet analysis and able to reconstruct a high resolution image closest to the reality from a low resolution image. We have applied our image processing software to many images and have carried out a comparison with a super-resolution technique based on polynomial interpolation or B-splines interpolation and find out that our method yields better measurements of the artery diameter.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115926194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanics of how the bone can sustain, accumulate and ultimately repair damage are an important part of biomechanical studies. This work wants to take an analytical approach to the problem, trying to model a system that simulates and predicts the behaviour of microcracks under various conditions of load and other parameters. Materials and methods: this system is built with the Simulink™ suite of the program Matlab™. It is composed of 3 sub models: the first simulates microcrack growth under stress, the second simulates how the damage done by the microcrack is translated into a biological signal and the third mimics the cellular reactions that come into act to repair the damage. Results: the system has been used to mimic what happens during experiments and the results from experiments have been confronted to the outputs from the system. We have compared the number of remaining cellular processes obtained in the simulation with the number observed by using a SEM microscope on the tested specimen to check how the damage signalling subsystem worked. The system has finally been used to predict the cycle of damage accumulation and repair in military trainee during the first weeks of training. Discussion: the results show that the system predicts with good approximation the behaviour seen in the experiments and statistics taken as a reference. The simulated microcracks grow until given sizes and stop like in real bone, where they stop because of the osteons, and only a number of them grow further, usually bringing the bone to failure. The number of cracks that grow beyond this critical size is dependent by factors as stress intensity and the distance between osteons, all modelled in the system. The system is able to simulate the specific effects of diseases and aging on bone fatigue behaviour.
{"title":"Simulation of microcrack growth and repair in living bone","authors":"Pietro Tisbo, D. Taylor","doi":"10.2495/BIO130171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130171","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanics of how the bone can sustain, accumulate and ultimately repair damage are an important part of biomechanical studies. This work wants to take an analytical approach to the problem, trying to model a system that simulates and predicts the behaviour of microcracks under various conditions of load and other parameters. Materials and methods: this system is built with the Simulink™ suite of the program Matlab™. It is composed of 3 sub models: the first simulates microcrack growth under stress, the second simulates how the damage done by the microcrack is translated into a biological signal and the third mimics the cellular reactions that come into act to repair the damage. Results: the system has been used to mimic what happens during experiments and the results from experiments have been confronted to the outputs from the system. We have compared the number of remaining cellular processes obtained in the simulation with the number observed by using a SEM microscope on the tested specimen to check how the damage signalling subsystem worked. The system has finally been used to predict the cycle of damage accumulation and repair in military trainee during the first weeks of training. Discussion: the results show that the system predicts with good approximation the behaviour seen in the experiments and statistics taken as a reference. The simulated microcracks grow until given sizes and stop like in real bone, where they stop because of the osteons, and only a number of them grow further, usually bringing the bone to failure. The number of cracks that grow beyond this critical size is dependent by factors as stress intensity and the distance between osteons, all modelled in the system. The system is able to simulate the specific effects of diseases and aging on bone fatigue behaviour.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127595943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The placenta is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus. Normal placentation and placental development are critical for a successful pregnancy. In this study the placenta are obtained from normal pregnancy and of normal vaginal delivery (age: 31 years old, parity 1, and gestation 38 weeks). After the delivery of the baby and the placenta commercial polymer mixture was injected into the artery to achieve a placental vascular model. The polymeric cast of the fetal vasculature of full-term placenta is used in order to perform a numerical simulation of the blood perfusion in the placenta. The period for the simulations is 0.5s, which corresponds to a baby heart rate of 120 bpm. Numerical simulation indicated that the velocity profiles in the placental vessels, both immediately upstream and downstream the bifurcation, are close to parabolic profiles.
{"title":"Hemodynamics of human placenta","authors":"E. Bernad, M. Craina, S. Bernad","doi":"10.2495/BIO130041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130041","url":null,"abstract":"The placenta is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus. Normal placentation and placental development are critical for a successful pregnancy. In this study the placenta are obtained from normal pregnancy and of normal vaginal delivery (age: 31 years old, parity 1, and gestation 38 weeks). After the delivery of the baby and the placenta commercial polymer mixture was injected into the artery to achieve a placental vascular model. The polymeric cast of the fetal vasculature of full-term placenta is used in order to perform a numerical simulation of the blood perfusion in the placenta. The period for the simulations is 0.5s, which corresponds to a baby heart rate of 120 bpm. Numerical simulation indicated that the velocity profiles in the placental vessels, both immediately upstream and downstream the bifurcation, are close to parabolic profiles.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129557473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modified dual reciprocity boundary element (MDBM) solution to the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation is employed to calculate the light distribution in normal and cancerous tissue, when irradiated with a collimated light beam via a cylindrical diffusion optical fiber. Three different active widths of the light source were investigated separately. The results of the light distribution obtained with this method were compared to results obtained using an in-house Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation program, and showed very close agreement with each other. Both methods showed that the optical penetration depth of the therapeutic light is lower in cancerous than in normal prostate tissue. The MDBM is over 90% faster than the MC technique, which could eventually be used to develop a real-time multidimensional program to (1) qualitatively estimate the therapeutic light distribution in heterogeneous tissue and (2) predict the best position of light sources in the targeted tissue to optimi e photodynamic therapy treatment planning.
{"title":"Dual reciprocity boundary element modeling of collimated light fluence distribution in normal and cancerous prostate tissue during photodynamic therapy","authors":"K. Donne, A. Marotin, A. Al-Hussany","doi":"10.2495/BIO130071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130071","url":null,"abstract":"Modified dual reciprocity boundary element (MDBM) solution to the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation is employed to calculate the light distribution in normal and cancerous tissue, when irradiated with a collimated light beam via a cylindrical diffusion optical fiber. Three different active widths of the light source were investigated separately. The results of the light distribution obtained with this method were compared to results obtained using an in-house Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation program, and showed very close agreement with each other. Both methods showed that the optical penetration depth of the therapeutic light is lower in cancerous than in normal prostate tissue. The MDBM is over 90% faster than the MC technique, which could eventually be used to develop a real-time multidimensional program to (1) qualitatively estimate the therapeutic light distribution in heterogeneous tissue and (2) predict the best position of light sources in the targeted tissue to optimi e photodynamic therapy treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129310807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to introduce the development of a control system implemented for a force-feedback gripper mechanism, as well as the results of the experiments carried out on the device. The achievements shall be used in additional research related to medical purpose grippers, such as artificial hands. The aim of the current research is the improvement of the control system of artificial hands in order to assure the expected usability in the case of a simplified mechanical structure, and eventually to decrease the manufacturing cost of such devices to gain higher availability. First, the main units of the experimental device will be described. After the clarification of the basics, the applied control strategies shall be discussed in detail. From the basic PI/PID control, to adaptive fuzzy/neurofuzzy control, different methods are applied also on the simulation model and the experimental device itself. The main results of the research are the summary of differences between the particular control strategies. The properties of the controls, like speed, stability, accuracy and adaptivity are determined and a comparative analysis have been expounded. From the achieved results, the overall efficiency of the different control strategies can be determined, the type and properties of the optimal control can be described. Finally the aspects of further development will be discussed; on one hand, that means the design and production of a new, more complex mechanism; and on the other hand, the feedback of more state variables in order to gain more information for better function. Hopefully a complete five-finger gripper will be manufactured in the near future, and by the time it will be available, the results of this study can be utilized for its control system.
{"title":"Efficiency of different control strategies in a force-feedback gripper","authors":"O. B. Lőrinczi, T. Szalay, P. Aradi","doi":"10.2495/BIO130191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to introduce the development of a control system implemented for a force-feedback gripper mechanism, as well as the results of the experiments carried out on the device. The achievements shall be used in additional research related to medical purpose grippers, such as artificial hands. The aim of the current research is the improvement of the control system of artificial hands in order to assure the expected usability in the case of a simplified mechanical structure, and eventually to decrease the manufacturing cost of such devices to gain higher availability. First, the main units of the experimental device will be described. After the clarification of the basics, the applied control strategies shall be discussed in detail. From the basic PI/PID control, to adaptive fuzzy/neurofuzzy control, different methods are applied also on the simulation model and the experimental device itself. The main results of the research are the summary of differences between the particular control strategies. The properties of the controls, like speed, stability, accuracy and adaptivity are determined and a comparative analysis have been expounded. From the achieved results, the overall efficiency of the different control strategies can be determined, the type and properties of the optimal control can be described. Finally the aspects of further development will be discussed; on one hand, that means the design and production of a new, more complex mechanism; and on the other hand, the feedback of more state variables in order to gain more information for better function. Hopefully a complete five-finger gripper will be manufactured in the near future, and by the time it will be available, the results of this study can be utilized for its control system.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122587271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the population ages, falls are becoming a major health problem, not only for those with some degree of balance/mobility impairment, but also among healthy active seniors. Previous studies suggest that the degradation of human sensorimotor function related to age contributes to falls. The aim of this research was to develop a practical solution for quantifying the age-related sensori-motor degradation. Therefore, a new testing apparatus, the Dynamic Balance Testing Platform (DBTP), was developed for quantifying sensori-motor decline using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. The DBTP consists of two layers – an immobile base and a mobile perturbation layer. The perturbation layer is balanced on a single center pivot; each of the four corners is supported by an air cylinder, with vertically downwards by a maximum of 2.5 cm. The platform was designed to reflect the natural oscillations in a subject’s center of gravity (COG). Shifts in COG positions altered the load on each of the four supporting air cylinders, leading to measurable vertical displacements. The DBTP captures the subject’s ability to balance dynamically on a single point of support. An ANN model, trained by 60 subjects’ data (age: 18–65+), was developed for the DBTP. Seniors with and without Tai-Chi training were used to contrast any influence from Tai-Chi on the sensori-motor aging. The result demonstrated that Tai-Chi slowed down the effects of sensori-motor aging. This study validated that DBTP is a feasible tool in aging exercise studies.
{"title":"Development Of A Novel Platform ForQuantifying Age-related Sensori-motorDegradation To Control Age-related Falls","authors":"G. Shan, X. Zhang","doi":"10.2495/BIO130181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/BIO130181","url":null,"abstract":"As the population ages, falls are becoming a major health problem, not only for those with some degree of balance/mobility impairment, but also among healthy active seniors. Previous studies suggest that the degradation of human sensorimotor function related to age contributes to falls. The aim of this research was to develop a practical solution for quantifying the age-related sensori-motor degradation. Therefore, a new testing apparatus, the Dynamic Balance Testing Platform (DBTP), was developed for quantifying sensori-motor decline using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. The DBTP consists of two layers – an immobile base and a mobile perturbation layer. The perturbation layer is balanced on a single center pivot; each of the four corners is supported by an air cylinder, with vertically downwards by a maximum of 2.5 cm. The platform was designed to reflect the natural oscillations in a subject’s center of gravity (COG). Shifts in COG positions altered the load on each of the four supporting air cylinders, leading to measurable vertical displacements. The DBTP captures the subject’s ability to balance dynamically on a single point of support. An ANN model, trained by 60 subjects’ data (age: 18–65+), was developed for the DBTP. Seniors with and without Tai-Chi training were used to contrast any influence from Tai-Chi on the sensori-motor aging. The result demonstrated that Tai-Chi slowed down the effects of sensori-motor aging. This study validated that DBTP is a feasible tool in aging exercise studies.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"44 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132530680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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