Background: Psychopathy is a controversial psychological construct used within forensic settings to understand the psychology of forensic service users. Contemporary research into psychopathy indicates ontological confusion, limitations with assessment practices and the presence of a negative bias towards individuals identified as psychopathic. Aims: A moderate social constructionist epistemology underpins this study. Its purpose was to widen the clinical frame of psychopathy via sociological inquiry through an examination of how ‘the psychopath’ is constructed discursively by a particular group of specialists working directly with individuals with a psychopathy label. Methods: Subjects were eight clinical psychologists currently working throughout the UK in forensic mental health settings (low, medium and high-secure hospitals). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed qualitatively, using Discourse Analysis methods. Findings: Analysis demonstrated that persons with psychopathy are constructed as problematised individuals, located within four overarching, recurrent discursive sites: dangerous, challenging, manipulative, and psychologically deficient. Participants utilised ‘at risk’ and ‘trauma’ discourses to explain the aetiology of psychopathy and ‘intuition’ talk was employed as a marker of the presence of psychopathy. The findings of the study and their clinical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Constructing ‘the Psychopath’: A Discourse Analysis of Psychologists’ Understandings of Psychopathy","authors":"Kitty Clark-McGhee, Maria Castro Romero","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.14.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.14.38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychopathy is a controversial psychological construct used within forensic settings to understand the psychology of forensic service users. Contemporary research into psychopathy indicates ontological confusion, limitations with assessment practices and the presence of a negative bias towards individuals identified as psychopathic. Aims: A moderate social constructionist epistemology underpins this study. Its purpose was to widen the clinical frame of psychopathy via sociological inquiry through an examination of how ‘the psychopath’ is constructed discursively by a particular group of specialists working directly with individuals with a psychopathy label. Methods: Subjects were eight clinical psychologists currently working throughout the UK in forensic mental health settings (low, medium and high-secure hospitals). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed qualitatively, using Discourse Analysis methods. Findings: Analysis demonstrated that persons with psychopathy are constructed as problematised individuals, located within four overarching, recurrent discursive sites: dangerous, challenging, manipulative, and psychologically deficient. Participants utilised ‘at risk’ and ‘trauma’ discourses to explain the aetiology of psychopathy and ‘intuition’ talk was employed as a marker of the presence of psychopathy. The findings of the study and their clinical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133867769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present the results of two small scale, pilot studies which explore the use of a small hand-held monitor used for measuring the relative levels of the digestive enzyme, Amylase, in the saliva of a population of adolescent children with intellectual disabilities, who experienced a music concert. Our hypothesis was that experiencing the concert would significantly reduce the levels of stress in each individual and thus promote an increased level of wellbeing. The study also focussed on exploring the extent to which salivary amylase activity (SAA) can be measured and used as an indicator of relative changes in levels of stress and ultimately, to see the extent to which such measurements could give ‘voice’ to individuals with intellectual disability. In the event, our hypothesis was not supported in that participants did not display decreased levels of SAA to a level of significance. However, further analysis and triangulation of the initial results through the case notes of each individual suggested that in fact the SAA measures were accurate and that the expectation that all participants would respond in an identical fashion, had been un-realistic.
{"title":"Promoting Wellbeing: Amylase as an Indicator of Changes in Stress Level in People with Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Nigel Marshall, Kagari Shibazaki","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.12.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.12.60","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the results of two small scale, pilot studies which explore the use of a small hand-held monitor used for measuring the relative levels of the digestive enzyme, Amylase, in the saliva of a population of adolescent children with intellectual disabilities, who experienced a music concert. Our hypothesis was that experiencing the concert would significantly reduce the levels of stress in each individual and thus promote an increased level of wellbeing. The study also focussed on exploring the extent \u0000to which salivary amylase activity (SAA) can be measured and used as an indicator of relative changes in levels of stress and ultimately, to see the extent to which such measurements could give ‘voice’ to individuals with intellectual disability. In the event, our hypothesis was not supported in that participants did not display decreased levels of SAA to a level of significance. However, further analysis and triangulation of the initial results through the case notes of each individual suggested that in fact the SAA measures were accurate and that the expectation that all participants would respond in an identical fashion, had been un-realistic.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127915780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regular physical activity(PA) is recognised as playing a key role in promoting good health and tackling obesity. In many parts of the world there are concerns that people do not undertake sufficient PA, and that this problem is often worse for certain groups in the population. Low levels of PA amongst South Asian (SA) adults in the United Kingdom concern health policy makers and professionals because of the higher incidence of heart disease in this group than in the general population. Interventions have helped increase PA levels in white populations but have shown little success in engaging SA adults. One explanation is that interventions emphasise individual responsibility for health and pay relatively less attention to socio-cultural constraints on behaviour. Using qualitative, semi-structured interviews, we investigated influences on PA amongst 13 SA adults (aged 23-70) living in Halifax, Yorkshire, UK. The setting for our study was the participants’ community gym. A key aim was to identify characteristics of the gym that influenced usage by the local SA population. We found the gym had successfully engaged SA adults in a programme of regular PA, and that a sense of its “embeddedness” in the local community was crucial to this. Implications for practice and research in health promotion and obesity prevention are discussed
{"title":"Encouraging Exercise Participation amongst UK South Asians : the case of a community gym","authors":"N. King, A. Little","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.12.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.12.46","url":null,"abstract":"Regular physical activity(PA) is recognised as playing a key role in promoting good health and tackling obesity. In many parts of the world there are concerns that people do not undertake sufficient PA, and that this problem is often worse for certain groups in the population. Low levels of PA amongst South Asian (SA) adults in the United Kingdom concern health policy makers and professionals because of the higher incidence of heart disease in this group than in the general population. Interventions have helped increase \u0000PA levels in white populations but have shown little success in engaging SA adults. One \u0000explanation is that interventions emphasise individual responsibility for health and pay \u0000relatively less attention to socio-cultural constraints on behaviour. Using qualitative, \u0000semi-structured interviews, we investigated influences on PA amongst 13 SA adults (aged \u000023-70) living in Halifax, Yorkshire, UK. The setting for our study was the participants’ \u0000community gym. A key aim was to identify characteristics of the gym that influenced \u0000usage by the local SA population. We found the gym had successfully engaged SA adults in a programme of regular PA, and that a sense of its “embeddedness” in the local community was crucial to this. Implications for practice and research in health promotion and obesity prevention are discussed","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130321976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiko Kurokawa, Y. Tsuchiya, Yuko Fujio, Shizuka Harada, Miki Shibasaki, N. Ogawa, Shinko Minotani
{"title":"Actual Situation of the Strengths of Elderly Community Residents Living Alone","authors":"Yoshiko Kurokawa, Y. Tsuchiya, Yuko Fujio, Shizuka Harada, Miki Shibasaki, N. Ogawa, Shinko Minotani","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122462821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Special Needs Education Assessment Tool (SNEAT) were verified of reliability and validity. However, the reliability and validity has been verified is only Okinawa and Miyagi Prefecture, the national data has not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the reliability and construct validity of SNEAT in Kagoshima Prefecture as part of the national survey. SNEAT using 32 children collected from the classes on Jiritsu-Katusdo (independent activity) for children with disabilities in Kagosima Prefecture between October and November 2015. Survey data were collected in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. The reliability of SNEAT was verified via the internal consistency method; the coefficient of Cronbach’s α were over 0.7. The validity of SNEAT was also verified via the latent growth curve model. SNEAT is valid based on its goodness-of-fit values obtained using the latent growth curve model. These results indicate that SNEAT has high reliability and construct validity in Kagoshima Prefecture.
{"title":"The Verification of Reliability and Validity of the SNEAT Based on the Data from Kagoshima Prefecture:A Study on the Standardization of the SNEAT","authors":"Changwan Han, Aiko Kohara","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.124","url":null,"abstract":"The Special Needs Education Assessment Tool (SNEAT) were verified of reliability and validity. However, the reliability and validity has been verified is only Okinawa and Miyagi Prefecture, the national data has not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the reliability and construct validity of SNEAT in Kagoshima Prefecture as part of the national survey. SNEAT using 32 children collected from the classes on Jiritsu-Katusdo (independent activity) for children with disabilities in Kagosima Prefecture between October and November 2015. Survey data were collected in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. The reliability of SNEAT was verified via the internal consistency method; the coefficient of Cronbach’s α were over 0.7. The validity of SNEAT was also verified via the latent growth curve model. SNEAT is valid based on its goodness-of-fit values obtained using the latent growth curve model. These results indicate that SNEAT has high reliability and construct validity in Kagoshima Prefecture.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116597746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sae Tanaka, H. Matsunaga, Norihito Noguchi, Kaoru Shibayama, Akina Ishibashi, Kazuyuki Akinaga, Nahoko Kakihara, Y. Fukuyama, K. Shinchi
Objectives: This study aimed to clarify factors related to Japanese nurses’ tolerance toward Indonesian nurse trainees. Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from May 21, 2015 to June 13, 2015 targeting Japanese nurses in a hospital accepting Indonesian nurse trainees. Results: We received responses from 97 of the 109 participants (collection rate: 89%, valid response rate: 100%). “Length of education,” “overseas travel experience,” “number of countries traveled,” “length of stay,” and “foreign language learning experience” were significantly related to tolerance and this supported results from previous research targeting residents. Foreign language learning experience had a significantly greater influence on increasing tolerance compared to agreement with policies on introducing foreign nurses. These are important findings when considering future nurse education and smooth cooperation with foreign nurses. Conclusion: Factors related to tolerance were length of education and experience with different cultures.
{"title":"Factors Related to Japanese Nurses’ Tolerance Toward Indonesian Nurse Trainees","authors":"Sae Tanaka, H. Matsunaga, Norihito Noguchi, Kaoru Shibayama, Akina Ishibashi, Kazuyuki Akinaga, Nahoko Kakihara, Y. Fukuyama, K. Shinchi","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to clarify factors related to Japanese nurses’ tolerance toward Indonesian nurse trainees. Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from May 21, 2015 to June 13, 2015 targeting Japanese nurses in a hospital accepting Indonesian nurse trainees. Results: We received responses from 97 of the 109 participants (collection rate: 89%, valid response rate: 100%). “Length of education,” “overseas travel experience,” “number of countries traveled,” “length of stay,” and “foreign language learning experience” were significantly related to tolerance and this supported results from previous research targeting residents. Foreign language learning experience had a significantly greater influence on increasing tolerance compared to agreement with policies on introducing foreign nurses. These are important findings when considering future nurse education and smooth cooperation with foreign nurses. Conclusion: Factors related to tolerance were length of education and experience with different cultures.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Health-Related Quality of Life in patients with Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Chaeyoon Cho, Chaewon Lee, Minji Kim, M. Kohzuki","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The arts are becoming an increasingly important feature of care and their value in promoting increased levels of wellbeing is continually being experienced but not yet well understood. Similarly, the arts, and especially music appear to be able to bring increased levels of wellbeing to clients, family members and nursing staff, when used as an integral part of hospice, or end of life care. This article adopts an expanded definition of the word 'asylum' in order to assess the extent to which a series of musical concerts can contribute to the well being of all those involved in end of life care contexts. The research involved carrying out observations and interviews with clients, care workers and family members who experienced a musical event. Interviews were carried out with individual participants before and after a one hour concert carried out within an open social space either within a hospice or a care facility. All concerts were given by one or two musicians with significant levels of experience of performing in such concerts. Observations of responses were also carried out during each of the concerts and notes were recorded accordingly. Ethical permission for the work was provided by the lead university. Results suggest that the concert experience provided significant levels of emotional support, was an ideal medium for promoting new and positive memories, and provided brief periods of respite for all those involved.
{"title":"Seeking Asylum: The Benefits for Clients, Family Members and Care-givers of Using Music in Hospice Care","authors":"Nigel Marshall, Kagari Shibazaki","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.18","url":null,"abstract":"The arts are becoming an increasingly important feature of care and their value in promoting increased levels of wellbeing is continually being experienced but not yet well understood. Similarly, the arts, and especially music appear to be able to bring increased levels of wellbeing to clients, family members and nursing staff, when used as an integral part of hospice, or end of life care. This article adopts an expanded definition of the word 'asylum' in order to assess the extent to which a series of musical concerts can contribute to the well being of all those involved in end of life care contexts. \u0000 \u0000The research involved carrying out observations and interviews with clients, care workers and family members who experienced a musical event. Interviews were carried out with individual participants before and after a one hour concert carried out within an open social space either within a hospice or a care facility. All concerts were given by one or two musicians with significant levels of experience of performing in such concerts. Observations of responses were also carried out during each of the concerts and notes were recorded accordingly. Ethical permission for the work was provided by the lead university. Results suggest that the concert experience provided significant levels of emotional support, was an ideal medium for promoting new and positive memories, and provided brief periods of respite for all those involved.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114382033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper based on qualitative cross-national research at national, municipal and local level in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan explores whether relevant actors were sharing the same goals, whether they communicated well with each other and whether they were working together with the service users. Through horizontal and vertical partnership analysis, the study found the care actors from top to bottom were not always sharing the same goals and priorities about how long-term care should be delivered. The split between health and social care in the care system has constituted a great challenge in working in partnership in English and Taiwanese practice. Whereas having a strong culture and ideology of solidarity and consultation embedded in the care system has helped the Dutch care actors to have a more equal working partnership. Most importantly, the involvement of all the care actors in policy and practice planning and decision making is crucial if a better joint-working structure to fulfil the policy intention of providing a seamless long-term care service in practice is to be achieved.
{"title":"Partnership working in the long-term care system for older people: cross-national learning from England, the Netherlands and Taiwan","authors":"H. Chen","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.11.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.11.31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper based on qualitative cross-national research at national, municipal and local level in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan explores whether relevant actors were sharing the same goals, whether they communicated well with each other and whether they were working together with the service users. Through horizontal and vertical partnership analysis, the study found the care actors from top to bottom were not always sharing the same goals and priorities about how long-term care should be delivered. The split between health and social care in the care system has constituted a great challenge in working in partnership in English and Taiwanese practice. Whereas having a strong culture and ideology of solidarity and consultation embedded in the care system has helped the Dutch care actors to have a more equal working partnership. Most importantly, the involvement of all the care actors in policy and practice planning and decision making is crucial if a better joint-working structure to fulfil the policy intention of providing a seamless long-term care service in practice is to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132845864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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