Palliative care has the potential to play significant role in better quality of dying and death for non-cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to determine the definition of quality of dying and death for non-cancer patients. MEDLINE (1990-2015) and Google Scholar (1999-2015) were searched using keyword terms ‘quality of dying or death’, ‘good or bad death’. In the 13 definitions of QODD, the most common terms are related to patient’s decision-making. The most common second terms are related to medical and social support. Final terms are related to psychological support. In order for the social and psychological aspects of death awareness and acceptance to take place, the dying person’s suffering should be reduced and they must be relieved of pain. Furthermore, it is rapidly increased percentages of non-cancer patients among those utilising specialist palliative care services in the countries at the top of the quality of death ranking such as United Kingdom and the United States. Unlike cancer disease, non-cancer diseases need to longitudinal supportive system. Palliative care will be effective intervention to manage symptoms of non-cancer patients and treat intercurrent medical condition is appropriate. In conclusion, QODD should be combined of psychological, medical and social support as external role and their patient’s decision-making as internal role in palliative care research.
{"title":"A Concept Analysis of Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) for Non-cancer Patients","authors":"Minji Kim, Chaeyoon Cho, Chaewon Lee","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.9.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.9.96","url":null,"abstract":"Palliative care has the potential to play significant role in better quality of dying and death for non-cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to determine the definition of quality of dying and death for non-cancer patients. MEDLINE (1990-2015) and Google Scholar (1999-2015) were searched using keyword terms ‘quality of dying or death’, ‘good or bad death’. In the 13 definitions of QODD, the most common terms are related to patient’s decision-making. The most common second terms are related to medical and social support. Final terms are related to psychological support. In order for the social and psychological aspects of death awareness and acceptance to take place, the dying person’s suffering should be reduced and they must be relieved of pain. Furthermore, it is rapidly increased percentages of non-cancer patients among those utilising specialist palliative care services in the countries at the top of the quality of death ranking such as United Kingdom and the United States. Unlike cancer disease, non-cancer diseases need to longitudinal supportive system. Palliative care will be effective intervention to manage symptoms of non-cancer patients and treat intercurrent medical condition is appropriate. In conclusion, QODD should be combined of psychological, medical and social support as external role and their patient’s decision-making as internal role in palliative care research.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122046981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taiwan’s social welfare system for persons with disabilities acquired its present form after two major revisions to the Welfare Law for Handicapped Persons (1980). In the latest revision to the law in 2007, the aim of social welfare for persons with disabilities was changed to “protect the legal rights and interests of people with disabilities, secure their equal opportunity to participate in social, political, economic, and cultural activities fairly, while contributing to their independence and development.” The revised law specified that after the trial period of five years in 2012, social services would be provided through a new system for certifying disabilities and a needs assessment system would be undertaken, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). This paper investigates the impacts of this new system on Taiwan’s social welfare for persons with disabilities. The results demonstrate that the introduction of the ICF framework has created the possibility of developing social services for persons with disabilities, but there are a number of difficulties in certifying disabilities and in assessing the needs for persons with disabilities.
{"title":"A Study of the New System for Certifying Disabilities and Undertaking Needs Assessment for Persons with Disabilities in Taiwan","authors":"Liting Chen, Y. Chu","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.9.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.9.86","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan’s social welfare system for persons with disabilities acquired its present form after two major revisions to the Welfare Law for Handicapped Persons (1980). In the latest revision to the law in 2007, the aim of social welfare for persons with disabilities was changed to “protect the legal rights and interests of people with disabilities, secure their equal opportunity to participate in social, political, economic, and cultural activities fairly, while contributing to their independence and development.” The revised law specified that after the trial period of five years in 2012, social services would be provided through a new system for certifying disabilities and a needs assessment system would be undertaken, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). This paper investigates the impacts of this new system on Taiwan’s social welfare for persons with disabilities. The results demonstrate that the introduction of the ICF framework has created the possibility of developing social services for persons with disabilities, but there are a number of difficulties in certifying disabilities and in assessing the needs for persons with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127395754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the observation that the phenomena of a low birth rate and an aged population are rapidly occurring in South Korea, the present study established a research question on how to provide social services in this context and examined the “Social Service Project to Cope with a Low Birth Rate and Aged Society,” which is being implemented by each local government. The result of the analysis is as follows. To cope with the low birth rate, 17 metropolitan local governments operate various social services, such as: creating an atmosphere that encourages childbearing and parenting; establishing policies that encourage childbearing; paying medical expenses during delivery for low-income families; providing a comprehensive care package for pregnant women; developing applications on pregnancy–childbearing–parenting; building public daycare centers; and lending toys. The social services to cope with an aged society include: removing inconveniences in homes for the elderly; hiring assistants to help with the health and safety of the elderly; managing dementia in the elderly; pairing “buddies” with those elderly residing alone; building a silver town (retirement home) for the low-income elderly; creating a living space for the elderly living alone; hosting video festivals; and providing jobs for the elderly. Although the social services to cope with the low birth rate and aged society are diverse, they have limitations in that they lack a “medium-to-long-term vision” and that they do not “secure the budget” in advance. Because this problem cannot be solved within a short period, Korean society need a change in direction to establish a long-term goal and push forward the core projects. In particular, budgetary agreement between central and local governments must be drawn up before nationally funded projects related to social services are planned. Considering current economic recession and negative policy environments, we suggested an alternative social service policy approaches such as an on-line based social service market for overcoming the jurisdictional restrains, social service industry for stable and high quality service, social responsibility investment as a new fund for social service.
{"title":"A Social Service Strategy for a Low Birth Rate and an Aged Society","authors":"Youngaa Ryoo, Jaewon Lee","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.9.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.9.17","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the observation that the phenomena of a low birth rate and an aged population are rapidly occurring in South Korea, the present study established a research question on how to provide social services in this context and examined the “Social Service Project to Cope with a Low Birth Rate and Aged Society,” which is being implemented by each local government. The result of the analysis is as follows. To cope with the low birth rate, 17 metropolitan local governments operate various social services, such as: creating an atmosphere that encourages childbearing and parenting; establishing policies that encourage childbearing; paying medical expenses during delivery for low-income families; providing a comprehensive care package for pregnant women; developing applications on pregnancy–childbearing–parenting; building public daycare centers; and lending toys. The social services to cope with an aged society include: removing inconveniences in homes for the elderly; hiring assistants to help with the health and safety of the elderly; managing dementia in the elderly; pairing “buddies” with those elderly residing alone; building a silver town (retirement home) for the low-income elderly; creating a living space for the elderly living alone; hosting video festivals; and providing jobs for the elderly. Although the social services to cope with the low birth rate and aged society are diverse, they have limitations in that they lack a “medium-to-long-term vision” and that they do not “secure the budget” in advance. Because this problem cannot be solved within a short period, Korean society need a change in direction to establish a long-term goal and push forward the core projects. In particular, budgetary agreement between central and local governments must be drawn up before nationally funded projects related to social services are planned. Considering current economic recession and negative policy environments, we suggested an alternative social service policy approaches such as an on-line based social service market for overcoming the jurisdictional restrains, social service industry for stable and high quality service, social responsibility investment as a new fund for social service.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"27 17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123859051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kohei Mori, Yumi Yamami, A. Tanaka, Daisuke Fusato
Recent research has reported that the number of unemployed youth with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) or suspected of ASDs is increasing. Moreover, problems faced by youth with ASDs in remaining employed have been focused. In this study, we accessed websites of regional youth support stations and analyzed information provided by these websites, in order to understand the contemporary situation related to the provision of information by these stations. Information about the provision of support in previous cases, institutional cooperation, upcoming events and the style of consultation, among others were summarized. Results indicated that information on available consultation methods at the stations was displayed on all websites. Of the stations, 18.8% required users to visit stations for consultations. However, characteristics of potential users indicated that email, telephone consultations, and home-visits were more suitable and desirable for them. Other issues including the frequency of updating the websites and information about events for interacting with similar others were also investigated. Based on the results, we have discussed the roles of regional youth support stations in meeting social needs.
{"title":"Conditions and Limitations of Internet-based Information Sharing on Autistic Spectrum Disorders at Regional Youth Support Stations","authors":"Kohei Mori, Yumi Yamami, A. Tanaka, Daisuke Fusato","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.9.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.9.73","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has reported that the number of unemployed youth with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) or suspected of ASDs is increasing. Moreover, problems faced by youth with ASDs in remaining employed have been focused. In this study, we accessed websites of regional youth support stations and analyzed information provided by these websites, in order to understand the contemporary situation related to the provision of information by these stations. Information about the provision of support in previous cases, institutional cooperation, upcoming events and the style of consultation, among others were summarized. Results indicated that information on available consultation methods at the stations was displayed on all websites. Of the stations, 18.8% required users to visit stations for consultations. However, characteristics of potential users indicated that email, telephone consultations, and home-visits were more suitable and desirable for them. Other issues including the frequency of updating the websites and information about events for interacting with similar others were also investigated. Based on the results, we have discussed the roles of regional youth support stations in meeting social needs.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"特別支援教育におけるICT 活用教育指標(試案) 開発に関する研究","authors":"璿熙 李","doi":"10.14391/ajhs.8.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/ajhs.8.189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127233053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores what proportions of the institution residents intend to leave institutions and to live in community settings, and which factors influence their intention to leave, using a survey data collected in Busan, Korea in 2014. The results are; first, deinstitutionalization services were the most significant factor on the intention to leave. Therefore, if the institution residents are to be deinstitutionalized, the residential institutions have to provide them with more deinstitutionalization services. Second, the residents with physical disabilities or with brain lesion disabilities are more likely to have intentions to leave than those with developmental disabilities. The survey result that almost 20% of the institution residents have disabilities other than developmental disabilities shows backwardness of welfare for persons with disabilities in Korea. Deinstitutionalization of persons with disabilities is a policy for persons with developmental disabilities in most OECD countries. However, a substantial number of the institution residents with other disabilities remains in Korea. Korean governments should pursue these programs for persons with developmental disabilities as well as for persons with other disabilities; how to assist their independent living in community settings, and how to improve their intentions to leave residential institutions. In conclusion, persons with disabilities, even with developmental disabilities, should be deinstitutionalized as soon as possible. It is almost impossible for people to enjoy human rights fully in any institutional settings.
{"title":"Who Intends to Leave Residential Institutions for Persons with Disabilities in Korea","authors":"Sunwoo Lee","doi":"10.14391/AJHS.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14391/AJHS.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores what proportions of the institution residents intend to leave institutions and to live in community settings, and which factors influence their intention to leave, using a survey data collected in Busan, Korea in 2014. The results are; first, deinstitutionalization services were the most significant factor on the intention to leave. Therefore, if the institution residents are to be deinstitutionalized, the residential institutions have to provide them with more deinstitutionalization services. Second, the residents with physical disabilities or with brain lesion disabilities are more likely to have intentions to leave than those with developmental disabilities. The survey result that almost 20% of the institution residents have disabilities other than developmental disabilities shows backwardness of welfare for persons with disabilities in Korea. Deinstitutionalization of persons with disabilities is a policy for persons with developmental disabilities in most OECD countries. However, a substantial number of the institution residents with other disabilities remains in Korea. Korean governments should pursue these programs for persons with developmental disabilities as well as for persons with other disabilities; how to assist their independent living in community settings, and how to improve their intentions to leave residential institutions. In conclusion, persons with disabilities, even with developmental disabilities, should be deinstitutionalized as soon as possible. It is almost impossible for people to enjoy human rights fully in any institutional settings.","PeriodicalId":370734,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of human services","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125866189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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