Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1793494
Rory Miller
Abstract Since Qatar launched its gas strategy in the mid-1990s it has transitioned from an economic and political backwater into a relatively significant small state actor in the international system. In these few decades, this tiny country has established itself as a key player in the global financial, investment and property markets. In 2010, it became the world’s number one exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Over the same period, it also established itself as a diplomatic player with a pro-active and multidimensional, not to mention controversial, foreign policy engagement across the Arab and wider Muslim world. This paper will examine Qatar’s rise as a global gas power since the 1990s in terms of the country’s evolving strategic vision. In particular, it will assess the centrality of gas power to the decision of policy elites since the late 1990s to prioritize long-term strategic positioning over short-term stability. Finally, it will conclude with an assessment of the ways in which Qatar has used its gas power since the launch of the embargo against it in June 2017 to achieve its strategic objectives at a time of rapid change in the regional security system and the global energy market.
{"title":"Qatar, Energy Security, and Strategic Vision in a Small State","authors":"Rory Miller","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1793494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1793494","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Since Qatar launched its gas strategy in the mid-1990s it has transitioned from an economic and political backwater into a relatively significant small state actor in the international system. In these few decades, this tiny country has established itself as a key player in the global financial, investment and property markets. In 2010, it became the world’s number one exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Over the same period, it also established itself as a diplomatic player with a pro-active and multidimensional, not to mention controversial, foreign policy engagement across the Arab and wider Muslim world. This paper will examine Qatar’s rise as a global gas power since the 1990s in terms of the country’s evolving strategic vision. In particular, it will assess the centrality of gas power to the decision of policy elites since the late 1990s to prioritize long-term strategic positioning over short-term stability. Finally, it will conclude with an assessment of the ways in which Qatar has used its gas power since the launch of the embargo against it in June 2017 to achieve its strategic objectives at a time of rapid change in the regional security system and the global energy market.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"122 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74668657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1847245
J. Onley, G. Nonneman
Abstract On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Journal of Arabian Studies (JAS), this article offers the first history of the field of Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies (GAPS), including the origins and evolution of JAS. It begins with an overview of the origins and evolution of GAPS as a field of scholarship, then provides a detailed survey of the field’s institutional development, which can be traced back to the region’s post-war oil wealth and the large oil-funded archaeological expeditions of the 1950s–60s. This is reflected in GAPS’s first societies, centres, and journals, which catered exclusively to archaeologists, historians, and Arabists. The transformation of GAPS into a global interdisciplinary field (encompassing both humanities and social sciences) began in 1969, although it remained a fringe field within Middle East Studies. The expansion of GAPS into a mainstream field in its own right began in the 2000s, reaching critical mass in the 2010s, resulting in the establishment of the Association for Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies (AGAPS) and the launch of JAS. In the past decade, GAPS also expanded beyond Middle East Studies to embrace Indian Ocean Studies. The article concludes with an overview of JAS’s first decade: 2011–20.
{"title":"The Journal of Arabian Studies and the Development of Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies","authors":"J. Onley, G. Nonneman","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1847245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1847245","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Journal of Arabian Studies (JAS), this article offers the first history of the field of Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies (GAPS), including the origins and evolution of JAS. It begins with an overview of the origins and evolution of GAPS as a field of scholarship, then provides a detailed survey of the field’s institutional development, which can be traced back to the region’s post-war oil wealth and the large oil-funded archaeological expeditions of the 1950s–60s. This is reflected in GAPS’s first societies, centres, and journals, which catered exclusively to archaeologists, historians, and Arabists. The transformation of GAPS into a global interdisciplinary field (encompassing both humanities and social sciences) began in 1969, although it remained a fringe field within Middle East Studies. The expansion of GAPS into a mainstream field in its own right began in the 2000s, reaching critical mass in the 2010s, resulting in the establishment of the Association for Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies (AGAPS) and the launch of JAS. In the past decade, GAPS also expanded beyond Middle East Studies to embrace Indian Ocean Studies. The article concludes with an overview of JAS’s first decade: 2011–20.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"119 1","pages":"1 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788790
Karen Exell
{"title":"Le Miroir des Cheikhs: Musée et Politique dans les Principautés du Golfe Persique","authors":"Karen Exell","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788790","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"208 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88239223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1793492
T. Petersen
Abstract This introduction outlines how the fragmentation of the Middle East state system, coupled with the shifts in the centrality of oil to the well-being of the Global economy, has now recast debates about the very nature of energy security and the future stability of the Gulf monarchies. Acting as a primer to the articles that comprise this special section of Journal of Arabia Studies, it highlights many of the attendant security issues surrounding energy diversification strategies now being adopted by many of the regions actors, while also highlighting the key differences that have shaped the responses of the individual Gulf monarchies to the challenges they now face in an ever more uncertain era.
{"title":"Rethinking Gulf Energy Security in the 21st Century","authors":"T. Petersen","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1793492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1793492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This introduction outlines how the fragmentation of the Middle East state system, coupled with the shifts in the centrality of oil to the well-being of the Global economy, has now recast debates about the very nature of energy security and the future stability of the Gulf monarchies. Acting as a primer to the articles that comprise this special section of Journal of Arabia Studies, it highlights many of the attendant security issues surrounding energy diversification strategies now being adopted by many of the regions actors, while also highlighting the key differences that have shaped the responses of the individual Gulf monarchies to the challenges they now face in an ever more uncertain era.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"38 6 1","pages":"116 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80116121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1793493
J. Nordenson
Abstract Kuwait faces the double challenge of potentially destabilising effects of climate change as well as a changing international energy market in favour of renewables that may threaten the foundation of the oil-based economies dominating the region. Both these challenges point to the need for a transition towards more renewable energy sources and not least more sustainable patterns of energy consumption –– a transition that will be demanding for state and society alike. A successful green shift depends on a certain level of popular support or acceptance, yet it has proven difficult for the Kuwaiti government to gain support for their proposed solutions, and to reconcile the necessary changes with the existing relationship between state and society. This paper explores these challenges by studying public discourse concerning two contentious issues that are at the heart of the government’s economic reforms and of Kuwait’s planned efforts to cut GHG-emissions, namely fuel subsidy reform, and water and electricity conservation.
{"title":"Between Populism and (Electric) Power: Reconciling a Green Shift and Popular Legitimacy in Kuwait","authors":"J. Nordenson","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1793493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1793493","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kuwait faces the double challenge of potentially destabilising effects of climate change as well as a changing international energy market in favour of renewables that may threaten the foundation of the oil-based economies dominating the region. Both these challenges point to the need for a transition towards more renewable energy sources and not least more sustainable patterns of energy consumption –– a transition that will be demanding for state and society alike. A successful green shift depends on a certain level of popular support or acceptance, yet it has proven difficult for the Kuwaiti government to gain support for their proposed solutions, and to reconcile the necessary changes with the existing relationship between state and society. This paper explores these challenges by studying public discourse concerning two contentious issues that are at the heart of the government’s economic reforms and of Kuwait’s planned efforts to cut GHG-emissions, namely fuel subsidy reform, and water and electricity conservation.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"139 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91289007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788788
Layla E. Picard
{"title":"Shakespeare on the Arabian Peninsula","authors":"Layla E. Picard","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"205 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79116149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788789
I. Cohen
{"title":"Imperial Muslims: Islam, Community and Authority in the Indian Ocean, 1839–1937","authors":"I. Cohen","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"97 1","pages":"206 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1794284
M. Valeri
Abstract Given its limited oil and gas resources compared to its neighbours, energy diversification has been Oman’s stated goal since at least the 1980s. Yet, this paper argues that, due to the country’s structure of power generation, both issues of economic diversification and energy security are intimately linked and cannot be dissociated. Oman’s national policy for the energy sector, the political and economic challenges of the energy subsidy reforms implemented since the mid-2010s and the energy priorities as highlighted in the new long-term “Oman Vision 2040” national strategy are examined here. This paper also shows that the energy debate has played a critical role in the shaping of Oman’s foreign policy towards its Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) counterparts, Iran and India, out of a desire to keep Oman’s –– more symbolic than real –– independence in working out its energy needs.
{"title":"Economic Diversification and Energy Security in Oman: Natural Gas, the X Factor?","authors":"M. Valeri","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1794284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1794284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given its limited oil and gas resources compared to its neighbours, energy diversification has been Oman’s stated goal since at least the 1980s. Yet, this paper argues that, due to the country’s structure of power generation, both issues of economic diversification and energy security are intimately linked and cannot be dissociated. Oman’s national policy for the energy sector, the political and economic challenges of the energy subsidy reforms implemented since the mid-2010s and the energy priorities as highlighted in the new long-term “Oman Vision 2040” national strategy are examined here. This paper also shows that the energy debate has played a critical role in the shaping of Oman’s foreign policy towards its Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) counterparts, Iran and India, out of a desire to keep Oman’s –– more symbolic than real –– independence in working out its energy needs.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"159 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90557665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788793
T. B. Stevenson
{"title":"Yemen: Kids and War","authors":"T. B. Stevenson","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"212 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85596198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788792
Sean Foley
{"title":"The Economy of the Gulf States","authors":"Sean Foley","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788792","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"210 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75518280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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