Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1301722
Pranjal Mandhaniya, Anish Kumar Soni, Kirti Choudhary, Abdullah Ansari
A high-quality railway track resting on an excellent foundation is required to support high-speed railway transportation. The foundations of high-speed railway tracks are generally constructed on the lifted embankment with the improved ground using different reinforcement agents like geosynthetics and rigid lateral support. The present study performed dynamic finite element simulations on a ballasted rail track laid over a geosynthetically reinforced embankment with and without facing wall support. Three foundation geometries were analyzed to examine the effect of facing wall support and geosynthetics on the lateral resistance of the foundation. An area loaded with a constant pressure was moved at a constant speed, causing the load motion at different speeds in the 90–360 km/h range. Different parameters were calculated at node paths to help understand the lateral effect of moving load. The results showed that the lateral resistance based on nodal acceleration and velocity increased with facing wall support in the range of 40%–57%. Any increment over the minimum facing wall thickness of 300 mm does not significantly increase lateral resistance. Geosynthetics provided a vital function in the foundations with a less bulk volume of soil and increased the lateral resistance by 10%.
要支持高速铁路运输，就必须在良好的地基上铺设高质量的铁路轨道。高速铁路轨道的地基一般是在抬高的路堤上建造的，并使用不同的加固材料，如土工合成材料和刚性侧向支撑。本研究对铺设在土工合成材料加固路堤上的有砟轨道进行了动态有限元模拟，包括有无面墙支撑。对三种地基几何形状进行了分析，以研究面墙支撑和土工合成材料对地基侧向阻力的影响。加载恒定压力的区域以恒定速度移动，导致荷载以 90-360 km/h 的不同速度运动。计算了节点路径上的不同参数，以帮助了解移动荷载的横向效应。结果显示，基于节点加速度和速度的侧向阻力随着面墙支撑的增加而增加，范围在 40%-57% 之间。超过最小面墙厚度 300 毫米的任何增量都不会显著增加侧向阻力。土工合成材料在土壤容积较小的地基中发挥了重要作用，并使侧向阻力增加了 10%。
{"title":"A comparative study of geosynthetically reinforced earth foundations in multi-utility transportation infrastructure for high-speed railways","authors":"Pranjal Mandhaniya, Anish Kumar Soni, Kirti Choudhary, Abdullah Ansari","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1301722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1301722","url":null,"abstract":"A high-quality railway track resting on an excellent foundation is required to support high-speed railway transportation. The foundations of high-speed railway tracks are generally constructed on the lifted embankment with the improved ground using different reinforcement agents like geosynthetics and rigid lateral support. The present study performed dynamic finite element simulations on a ballasted rail track laid over a geosynthetically reinforced embankment with and without facing wall support. Three foundation geometries were analyzed to examine the effect of facing wall support and geosynthetics on the lateral resistance of the foundation. An area loaded with a constant pressure was moved at a constant speed, causing the load motion at different speeds in the 90–360 km/h range. Different parameters were calculated at node paths to help understand the lateral effect of moving load. The results showed that the lateral resistance based on nodal acceleration and velocity increased with facing wall support in the range of 40%–57%. Any increment over the minimum facing wall thickness of 300 mm does not significantly increase lateral resistance. Geosynthetics provided a vital function in the foundations with a less bulk volume of soil and increased the lateral resistance by 10%.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1282459
Sara Mizar Formentin, Giuseppina Palma, Juan Carlos Alcérreca Huerta, B. Zanuttigh
The modeling of wave impacts against coastal structures requires the analysis of hundreds or thousands of waves to be statistically meaningful. Long irregular wave attacks, when affordable, can be performed experimentally, but may be inadequate to track the air entrapment and account for air compressibility, which, instead, plays a key role in the wave impacts. On the other hand, long simulations are generally avoided in numerical modeling for computational effort and numerical stability reasons, even more so when two-phase flows and air compressibility are involved. In such a context, this paper presents, for the first time, the application of a plug-in suite developed in the OpenFOAM® environment to the representation of long time series of irregular waves impacting against coastal defenses while solving two compressible fluids. To this purpose, such a plug-in compressible suite was applied to reproduce recent 2D experiments of wave overtopping and wave impacts at smooth dikes with crown walls. The numerical stability of the compressible solver and its adequacy to accurately reproduce the wave reflection and the wave overtopping are first verified by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory tests. Second, the improved representation of the wave pressures and wave forces at the walls obtained with the plug-in compressible suite is shown by comparing its results with the corresponding ones obtained with the incompressible solver. Specifically, the plug-in suite—accounting for the effects of the air compressibility during the impact events—outperforms the incompressible native solver in the capture of the pressure peaks, in the reproduction of the time–pressure trace, and in the statistical analysis of the pressure distribution along the crown wall.
{"title":"Statistical assessment of the wave loads at walls through two-phase CFD modeling of the effects of air compressibility","authors":"Sara Mizar Formentin, Giuseppina Palma, Juan Carlos Alcérreca Huerta, B. Zanuttigh","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1282459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1282459","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of wave impacts against coastal structures requires the analysis of hundreds or thousands of waves to be statistically meaningful. Long irregular wave attacks, when affordable, can be performed experimentally, but may be inadequate to track the air entrapment and account for air compressibility, which, instead, plays a key role in the wave impacts. On the other hand, long simulations are generally avoided in numerical modeling for computational effort and numerical stability reasons, even more so when two-phase flows and air compressibility are involved. In such a context, this paper presents, for the first time, the application of a plug-in suite developed in the OpenFOAM® environment to the representation of long time series of irregular waves impacting against coastal defenses while solving two compressible fluids. To this purpose, such a plug-in compressible suite was applied to reproduce recent 2D experiments of wave overtopping and wave impacts at smooth dikes with crown walls. The numerical stability of the compressible solver and its adequacy to accurately reproduce the wave reflection and the wave overtopping are first verified by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory tests. Second, the improved representation of the wave pressures and wave forces at the walls obtained with the plug-in compressible suite is shown by comparing its results with the corresponding ones obtained with the incompressible solver. Specifically, the plug-in suite—accounting for the effects of the air compressibility during the impact events—outperforms the incompressible native solver in the capture of the pressure peaks, in the reproduction of the time–pressure trace, and in the statistical analysis of the pressure distribution along the crown wall.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1328920
Michele Palermo, F. Ponzo, Dora Foti, Fabio Mazza, I. Takewaki, Paolo Castaldo
{"title":"Editorial: Energy dissipation devices and vibration-control systems for structures and infrastructures to mitigate damages under different hazards","authors":"Michele Palermo, F. Ponzo, Dora Foti, Fabio Mazza, I. Takewaki, Paolo Castaldo","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1328920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1328920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1286053
Chuloh Jung, Gamal El Samanoudy, Nahla Alqassimi, Mohamed Sherzad
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become an important concern in Dubai, driven by public health awareness, environmental regulations, and government initiatives. The Dubai Municipality has introduced guidelines and standards for IAQ in residential and non-residential buildings, emphasizing ventilation, material selection, and testing protocols. IAQ monitoring and testing are encouraged, and public awareness campaigns educate individuals about IAQ and its impact on health. Green building regulations in Dubai also address IAQ considerations. The Dubai Municipality has comprehensively assessed IAQ in public buildings, leading to stringent regulations. However, research on IAQ improvement and challenges associated with apartment ventilation systems is limited. This study aims to evaluate the IAQ improvement and potential issues of a ventilation system in an apartment through a mock-up experiment. Factors such as air volume, ventilation system type, and supply/exhaust duct configuration are analyzed. The results show that installing a ventilation device with a ventilation rate of 0.3–0.8 times/h reduces Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations by 30%–50%. The IAQ improvement is not significantly influenced by air volume. Each room supply/exhaust method shows a 10% higher reduction in VOC concentrations than the supply/kitchen exhaust unit method. Preventing backflow and addressing cold drafts are recommended during ventilation system installation. Noise measurements comply with standards in most cases. These findings contribute to developing guidelines for ventilation system design and installation in apartments, promoting healthier indoor environments. Further research with a broader range of ventilation devices and real-world conditions is recommended to validate these findings.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of ventilation systems on indoor air quality: a mock-up experiment in Dubai","authors":"Chuloh Jung, Gamal El Samanoudy, Nahla Alqassimi, Mohamed Sherzad","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1286053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1286053","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become an important concern in Dubai, driven by public health awareness, environmental regulations, and government initiatives. The Dubai Municipality has introduced guidelines and standards for IAQ in residential and non-residential buildings, emphasizing ventilation, material selection, and testing protocols. IAQ monitoring and testing are encouraged, and public awareness campaigns educate individuals about IAQ and its impact on health. Green building regulations in Dubai also address IAQ considerations. The Dubai Municipality has comprehensively assessed IAQ in public buildings, leading to stringent regulations. However, research on IAQ improvement and challenges associated with apartment ventilation systems is limited. This study aims to evaluate the IAQ improvement and potential issues of a ventilation system in an apartment through a mock-up experiment. Factors such as air volume, ventilation system type, and supply/exhaust duct configuration are analyzed. The results show that installing a ventilation device with a ventilation rate of 0.3–0.8 times/h reduces Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations by 30%–50%. The IAQ improvement is not significantly influenced by air volume. Each room supply/exhaust method shows a 10% higher reduction in VOC concentrations than the supply/kitchen exhaust unit method. Preventing backflow and addressing cold drafts are recommended during ventilation system installation. Noise measurements comply with standards in most cases. These findings contribute to developing guidelines for ventilation system design and installation in apartments, promoting healthier indoor environments. Further research with a broader range of ventilation devices and real-world conditions is recommended to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"80 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1288445
Lianhua Hu, Jiaqi Ren
Establishing a lightweight yet high-precision object detection algorithm is paramount for accurately assessing workers’ helmet-wearing status in intricate industrial settings. Helmet detection is inherently challenging due to factors like the diminutive target size, intricate backgrounds, and the need to strike a balance between model compactness and detection accuracy. In this paper, we propose YOLO-LHD (You Only Look Once-Lightweight Helmet Detection), an efficient framework built upon the YOLOv8 object detection model. The proposed approach enhances the model’s ability to detect small targets in complex scenes by incorporating the Coordinate attention mechanism and Focal loss function, which introduce high-resolution features and large-scale detection heads. Additionally, we integrate the improved Ghostv2 module into the backbone feature extraction network to further improve the balance between model accuracy and size. We evaluated our method on MHWD dataset established in this study and compared it with the baseline model YOLOv8n. The proposed YOLO-LHD model achieved a reduction of 66.1% in model size while attaining the best 94.3% mAP50 with only 0.86M parameters. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving lightweight deployment and high-precision helmet detection.
建立一种轻量级但高精度的目标检测算法对于在复杂的工业环境中准确评估工人的头盔佩戴状态至关重要。由于目标尺寸小、背景复杂以及需要在模型紧凑性和检测精度之间取得平衡等因素，头盔检测本身就具有挑战性。在本文中，我们提出了YOLO-LHD (You Only Look Once-Lightweight Helmet Detection)，这是一个建立在YOLOv8目标检测模型之上的高效框架。该方法结合了坐标注意机制和焦点损失函数，引入了高分辨率特征和大尺度检测头，增强了模型对复杂场景下小目标的检测能力。此外，我们将改进的Ghostv2模块集成到骨干特征提取网络中，进一步提高了模型精度和尺寸之间的平衡。我们在本研究建立的MHWD数据集上评估了我们的方法，并将其与基线模型YOLOv8n进行了比较。所提出的YOLO-LHD模型在模型尺寸减小66.1%的同时，仅使用0.86M个参数即可获得最佳的94.3% mAP50。这证明了该方法在实现轻量化部署和高精度头盔检测方面的有效性。
{"title":"YOLO-LHD: an enhanced lightweight approach for helmet wearing detection in industrial environments","authors":"Lianhua Hu, Jiaqi Ren","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1288445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1288445","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a lightweight yet high-precision object detection algorithm is paramount for accurately assessing workers’ helmet-wearing status in intricate industrial settings. Helmet detection is inherently challenging due to factors like the diminutive target size, intricate backgrounds, and the need to strike a balance between model compactness and detection accuracy. In this paper, we propose YOLO-LHD (You Only Look Once-Lightweight Helmet Detection), an efficient framework built upon the YOLOv8 object detection model. The proposed approach enhances the model’s ability to detect small targets in complex scenes by incorporating the Coordinate attention mechanism and Focal loss function, which introduce high-resolution features and large-scale detection heads. Additionally, we integrate the improved Ghostv2 module into the backbone feature extraction network to further improve the balance between model accuracy and size. We evaluated our method on MHWD dataset established in this study and compared it with the baseline model YOLOv8n. The proposed YOLO-LHD model achieved a reduction of 66.1% in model size while attaining the best 94.3% mAP50 with only 0.86M parameters. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving lightweight deployment and high-precision helmet detection.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1327561
Fabrizio Mollaioli, A. Benavent‐Climent, I. Takewaki
{"title":"Editorial: Energy-based seismic engineering","authors":"Fabrizio Mollaioli, A. Benavent‐Climent, I. Takewaki","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1327561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1327561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1249550
Han Yang, Hexiang Wang, Boris Jeremić
Presented is a validation study for high fidelity numerical modeling of earthquake soil structure interaction (ESSI) for a building, hotel structure in Ventura, California. A detailed finite element (FE) model of the ESSI system, featuring the 12-story concrete structure, pile group foundation, and underlying soil, is developed using the Real-ESSI Simulator (Jeremić et al., The Real-ESSI Simulator System 1988–2022, 2022a). The domain reduction method (DRM) (Bielak et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 817–824; Yoshimura et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 825–841) is used to apply seismic loads, in this case the 1994 Northridge earthquake motions. Direct comparison between simulation results and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) recordings shows a high level of agreement in acceleration and displacement responses at all instrumented locations. Sensitivity study on a number of modeling choices and analysis parameters is conducted to investigate controlling factors for the ESSI response. For example, the soil-structure interaction effect and structural damping ratios are shown to have significant influence on system dynamic response. In addition, the soil inelasticity is shown to be highly influenced by the magnitude of seismic motion. Both effects are important for validation as they contribute to sensitivity of response to parametric variability.
本文介绍了加利福尼亚州文图拉市一座建筑、酒店结构的地震-土-结构相互作用(ESSI)高保真数值模拟的验证研究。使用Real-ESSI模拟器(jeremiki et al.， the Real-ESSI Simulator system 1988-2022, 2022a)开发了ESSI系统的详细有限元(FE)模型，包括12层混凝土结构、桩群基础和下垫土。区域缩减法(DRM) (Bielak et al.，美国地震学报，2003,93(2)，817-824;Yoshimura et al.，美国地震学会公报，2003,93(2)，825-841)被用来应用地震荷载，在这种情况下，1994年北岭地震运动。模拟结果与加州强震仪器程序(CSMIP)记录的直接比较显示，所有仪器位置的加速度和位移响应高度一致。对一些模型选择和分析参数进行敏感性研究，以探讨ESSI响应的控制因素。例如，土-结构相互作用效应和结构阻尼比对系统动力响应有显著影响。此外，地震运动的震级对土体的非弹性有很大的影响。这两种效应对于验证都很重要，因为它们有助于对参数变异性响应的敏感性。
{"title":"Numerical modeling and validation of earthquake soil structure interaction: a 12-story building in Ventura, California","authors":"Han Yang, Hexiang Wang, Boris Jeremić","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1249550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1249550","url":null,"abstract":"Presented is a validation study for high fidelity numerical modeling of earthquake soil structure interaction (ESSI) for a building, hotel structure in Ventura, California. A detailed finite element (FE) model of the ESSI system, featuring the 12-story concrete structure, pile group foundation, and underlying soil, is developed using the Real-ESSI Simulator (Jeremić et al., The Real-ESSI Simulator System 1988–2022, 2022a). The domain reduction method (DRM) (Bielak et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 817–824; Yoshimura et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 825–841) is used to apply seismic loads, in this case the 1994 Northridge earthquake motions. Direct comparison between simulation results and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) recordings shows a high level of agreement in acceleration and displacement responses at all instrumented locations. Sensitivity study on a number of modeling choices and analysis parameters is conducted to investigate controlling factors for the ESSI response. For example, the soil-structure interaction effect and structural damping ratios are shown to have significant influence on system dynamic response. In addition, the soil inelasticity is shown to be highly influenced by the magnitude of seismic motion. Both effects are important for validation as they contribute to sensitivity of response to parametric variability.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":" 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1307632
Cäsar Grüter, Matthew Gordon, Marcel Muster, Fabian Kastner, Philippe Grönquist, Andrea Frangi, Silke Langenberg, Catherine De Wolf
When a timber building gets disassembled and its elements either are burned or biodegrade, the carbon stored in the timber structure gets released to the atmosphere as CO 2 . Reusing timber elements prevents this process from happening and thus delays the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Even if there is a long historic tradition of timber reuse in Switzerland, currently a low fraction of a timber building’s elements is being reused after its disassembly. In this study, strategies that could facilitate circular use of timber elements are analyzed. The focus lies on the design process, which is investigated from two perspectives: strategies at the start-of-life of buildings to enable new timber element cycles to emerge (design for disassembly, or DforD), and strategies at the end-of-life of buildings to keep existing timber elements cycles closed (design from disassembly, or DfromD). Two case studies of recently completed multi-story timber-hybrid buildings in Switzerland were analyzed from both perspectives. Regarding DforD, a scoring system was developed that assesses single elements according to their disassembly and reuse potential. Regarding DfromD, a building design optimization tool was created that takes dimensional design tolerances of a building as an input and proposes a procurement-optimized and structurally safe arrangement of reused elements, which are taken from an inventory that is based on the two case studies. It was found that connections between reinforced concrete and timber parts play a crucial role in terms of DforD and that building layouts with DfromD elements may vary widely according to the chosen optimization variable. In conclusion, both applications have the potential to scale up the competitiveness of reused elements.
{"title":"Design for and from disassembly with timber elements: strategies based on two case studies from Switzerland","authors":"Cäsar Grüter, Matthew Gordon, Marcel Muster, Fabian Kastner, Philippe Grönquist, Andrea Frangi, Silke Langenberg, Catherine De Wolf","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1307632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1307632","url":null,"abstract":"When a timber building gets disassembled and its elements either are burned or biodegrade, the carbon stored in the timber structure gets released to the atmosphere as CO 2 . Reusing timber elements prevents this process from happening and thus delays the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Even if there is a long historic tradition of timber reuse in Switzerland, currently a low fraction of a timber building’s elements is being reused after its disassembly. In this study, strategies that could facilitate circular use of timber elements are analyzed. The focus lies on the design process, which is investigated from two perspectives: strategies at the start-of-life of buildings to enable new timber element cycles to emerge (design for disassembly, or DforD), and strategies at the end-of-life of buildings to keep existing timber elements cycles closed (design from disassembly, or DfromD). Two case studies of recently completed multi-story timber-hybrid buildings in Switzerland were analyzed from both perspectives. Regarding DforD, a scoring system was developed that assesses single elements according to their disassembly and reuse potential. Regarding DfromD, a building design optimization tool was created that takes dimensional design tolerances of a building as an input and proposes a procurement-optimized and structurally safe arrangement of reused elements, which are taken from an inventory that is based on the two case studies. It was found that connections between reinforced concrete and timber parts play a crucial role in terms of DforD and that building layouts with DfromD elements may vary widely according to the chosen optimization variable. In conclusion, both applications have the potential to scale up the competitiveness of reused elements.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":" 37","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1208807
Ahsan Waqar, Idris Othman, Nadhim Hamah Sor, Abdullah Mohammed Alshehri, Hamad R. Almujibah, Badr Saad Alotaibi, Mohammed Awad Abuhussain, Abdulrahman S. Bageis, Fadi Althoey, Saleh Hayat, Omrane Benjeddou, Saleh Hamed Alsulamy, Mishal Aljarbou
Project failure is a persistent challenge in the construction industry, rendering it one of the most demanding sectors. Many obstacles, including safety concerns, quality management issues, environmental preservation challenges, economic sustainability, privacy constraints, and legal regulations, weigh heavily on construction projects. However, a beacon of hope emerges in AI-powered drones capable of surmounting these challenges and paving the path to resounding project success. This study employed diverse methodologies, engaging subject-matter experts through interviews and conducting pilot and primary surveys. Our analytical arsenal featured Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the pilot survey and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for the primary survey. Our research revolves around a singular mission: elevating building project success by dismantling the barriers that have impeded the widespread adoption of AI-driven drones in construction. The study’s verdict is clear: privacy and legal constraints, coupled with economic and sustainability challenges, alongside human resource management dilemmas, constitute the formidable triumvirate obstructing the ubiquitous embrace of drones in construction. Yet, the impact of breaching these barriers reverberates far beyond overcoming these hurdles. It cascades into public health and safety, environmental conservation, quality management, and economic sustainability, culminating in an amalgam of enhanced Building Project Success. The implications of our findings are profound for the construction industry. They beckon the sector to confront and surmount the legal and regulatory barriers to adopting AI-based drones. A clarion call to invest in human resources to empower technology integration resounds. And, perhaps most importantly, it beckons the industry to embrace the profound economic and sustainability advantages of embracing these cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, our study underscores that adopting AI-powered drones in construction is not merely about project success; it catalyzes fostering public health, safeguarding the environment, ensuring top-tier quality management, and fortifying economic sustainability. These interwoven facets illuminate the broader canvas of drone technology’s transformative role in construction.
{"title":"Modeling relation among implementing AI-based drones and sustainable construction project success","authors":"Ahsan Waqar, Idris Othman, Nadhim Hamah Sor, Abdullah Mohammed Alshehri, Hamad R. Almujibah, Badr Saad Alotaibi, Mohammed Awad Abuhussain, Abdulrahman S. Bageis, Fadi Althoey, Saleh Hayat, Omrane Benjeddou, Saleh Hamed Alsulamy, Mishal Aljarbou","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1208807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1208807","url":null,"abstract":"Project failure is a persistent challenge in the construction industry, rendering it one of the most demanding sectors. Many obstacles, including safety concerns, quality management issues, environmental preservation challenges, economic sustainability, privacy constraints, and legal regulations, weigh heavily on construction projects. However, a beacon of hope emerges in AI-powered drones capable of surmounting these challenges and paving the path to resounding project success. This study employed diverse methodologies, engaging subject-matter experts through interviews and conducting pilot and primary surveys. Our analytical arsenal featured Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the pilot survey and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for the primary survey. Our research revolves around a singular mission: elevating building project success by dismantling the barriers that have impeded the widespread adoption of AI-driven drones in construction. The study’s verdict is clear: privacy and legal constraints, coupled with economic and sustainability challenges, alongside human resource management dilemmas, constitute the formidable triumvirate obstructing the ubiquitous embrace of drones in construction. Yet, the impact of breaching these barriers reverberates far beyond overcoming these hurdles. It cascades into public health and safety, environmental conservation, quality management, and economic sustainability, culminating in an amalgam of enhanced Building Project Success. The implications of our findings are profound for the construction industry. They beckon the sector to confront and surmount the legal and regulatory barriers to adopting AI-based drones. A clarion call to invest in human resources to empower technology integration resounds. And, perhaps most importantly, it beckons the industry to embrace the profound economic and sustainability advantages of embracing these cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, our study underscores that adopting AI-powered drones in construction is not merely about project success; it catalyzes fostering public health, safeguarding the environment, ensuring top-tier quality management, and fortifying economic sustainability. These interwoven facets illuminate the broader canvas of drone technology’s transformative role in construction.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"181 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2023.1272252
Michele Tondi, Marco Bovo, Loris Vincenzi
The model updating procedures employed in vibration-based health monitoring need to be reliable and computationally efficient. The computational time is a fundamental task if the results are used to evaluate, in quasi-real-time, the safe or the unsafe state of strategic and relevant structures. The paper presents an efficient two-step procedure for the identification of the mechanical parameters and for the assessment of the corresponding uncertainty in model updating problems. The first step solves a least squares problem, providing a first estimate of the unknown parameters. The second (iterative) step produces a refinement of the solution. Moreover, by exploiting the error propagation theory, this article presents a direct (non-iterative) procedure to assess the uncertainty affecting the unknown parameters starting from the experimental data covariance matrix. To test the reliability of the procedure as well as to prove its applicability to structural problems, the methodology has been applied to two test-bed case studies. Finally, the procedure has been used for the damage assessment in an existing building. The results provided in this article indicate that the procedure can accurately identify the unknown parameters and properly localize and quantify the damage.
{"title":"Efficient two-step procedure for parameter identification and uncertainty assessment in model updating problems","authors":"Michele Tondi, Marco Bovo, Loris Vincenzi","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1272252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1272252","url":null,"abstract":"The model updating procedures employed in vibration-based health monitoring need to be reliable and computationally efficient. The computational time is a fundamental task if the results are used to evaluate, in quasi-real-time, the safe or the unsafe state of strategic and relevant structures. The paper presents an efficient two-step procedure for the identification of the mechanical parameters and for the assessment of the corresponding uncertainty in model updating problems. The first step solves a least squares problem, providing a first estimate of the unknown parameters. The second (iterative) step produces a refinement of the solution. Moreover, by exploiting the error propagation theory, this article presents a direct (non-iterative) procedure to assess the uncertainty affecting the unknown parameters starting from the experimental data covariance matrix. To test the reliability of the procedure as well as to prove its applicability to structural problems, the methodology has been applied to two test-bed case studies. Finally, the procedure has been used for the damage assessment in an existing building. The results provided in this article indicate that the procedure can accurately identify the unknown parameters and properly localize and quantify the damage.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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