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WELL-BEING AT WORK IN PROCESSES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE ROLE OF INFORMAL SOCIAL NETWORKS 组织变革过程中的工作幸福感:非正式社会网络的作用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramg220125
Elisa M. B. AMORIM-RIBEIRO, E. R. Neiva, Magno O. Macambira, L. Martins
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study evaluates the role of social networks of support, information, and trust in well-being at work, regarding the positive and negative affects and professional fulfillment of workers immersed in processes of organizational change. Originality/value: Organizational change is characterized as a dynamic process, constituted through relationships, immersed in a context of uncertainties. The mapping of relationships can help in understanding the information flows and the assessment of resource availability. Design/methodology/approach: 151 professionals from a holding participated. This company undergoes changes in the scope of services offered and the organizational design. Links of support, information, and trust established according to the change processes were mapped. Associated with the network, the Well-Being at Work Scale was used. For data analysis, multiple regressions were used to construct explanatory models for well-being factors: fulfillment, positive and negative affects. Findings: Variables in support and information social network analysis (SNA) composed the predictive model of well-being in the three models. Among the researched ties, the support and information ties were part of the predictive model of well-being. The metrics that reveal how many times the employee is indicated and indicates others, proximity to highly cited neighbors, degree of participation in cohesive subgroups, the degree to which they assume a central position in the subgroups are indicators of actors’ positions capable of predicting well-being. The influence of the pattern of interaction between managers and employees should be considered in promoting well-being in organizations in the process of change.
摘要目的:本研究评估了社会网络的支持、信息和信任在工作幸福感中的作用,包括组织变革过程中员工的积极影响和消极影响以及职业成就感。原创性/价值:组织变革的特点是一个动态过程,由各种关系构成,沉浸在不确定的环境中。关系的映射可以帮助理解信息流和资源可用性的评估。设计/方法/方法:来自某控股公司的151名专业人士参与。该公司在提供的服务范围和组织设计方面发生了变化。根据变更过程建立的支持、信息和信任的链接被映射。与网络相关联的是工作幸福感量表。在数据分析方面,采用多元回归方法构建了幸福感因素:成就感、积极影响和消极影响的解释模型。研究发现:支持变量和信息社会网络分析(SNA)构成了三个模型中幸福感的预测模型。在研究的关系中,支持和信息关系是幸福感预测模型的一部分。显示员工被指示的次数和指示他人的次数、与高被引用邻居的接近程度、在凝聚力子群体中的参与程度、他们在子群体中占据中心位置的程度的指标是能够预测幸福感的行为者位置的指标。在组织变革过程中,管理者与员工之间的互动模式对促进组织福祉的影响应予以考虑。
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引用次数: 1
The application and benefits of digital technologies for agri-food value chain: Evidence from an emerging country 数字技术在农业食品价值链中的应用和效益:来自一个新兴国家的证据
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramr220114.en
A. Mikhailov, Guilherme F. Camboim, F. Reichert, P. Zawislak
ABSTRACT Purpose: Many academic and technical studies have explored information and communications technology (ICT) applications in the agri-food sector from the farmers’ perspective. However, the technology supplier perspective on the ICT application has been largely overlooked. This paper aims to analyze how digital technologies are used within the agri-food value chain and their benefits and advantages from the technology supplier perspective. Originality/value: First, the study analyzed the benefits of ICT for the agri-food sector from the technology supplier perspective. Second, it comprised the integrated analysis of the complete set of ICT applied to the entire agri-food value chain. Third, we guaranteed the study’s replicability by using a straightforward methodological approach. Design/methodology/approach: Exploratory study with a descriptive approach was employed to map the complete set of digital technologies commercialized by 131 agri-food technology companies. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) (2018) typology for ICT solutions was used to identify technology types. The NVIVO software cluster analysis was applied to the data related to the benefits and advantages of the firms’ ICT solutions. Findings: We identified that cost reduction and rapid decision-making are the essential benefits of ICT. It was found that the ICT field in the agri-food sector is composed of different companies’ generations, and many are not startups. We identified two new phenomena: agricultural servitization, which comprehends the increasing importance of services as crucial input for agricultural production, and agricultural manufacturing, which refers to increasing control over production factors in agriculture.
摘要目的:许多学术和技术研究从农民的角度探讨了信息通信技术(ICT)在农业食品部门的应用。然而,技术供应商对信息通信技术应用的看法在很大程度上被忽视了。本文旨在从技术供应商的角度分析数字技术如何在农业食品价值链中使用及其收益和优势。原创性/价值:首先,研究从技术供应商的角度分析了ICT对农业食品部门的好处。其次,它包含了应用于整个农业食品价值链的一整套ICT的综合分析。第三,我们通过使用直接的方法学方法来保证研究的可重复性。设计/方法/方法:采用描述性方法的探索性研究,绘制131家农业食品技术公司商业化的完整数字技术集。使用经济合作与发展组织(OECD) (2018) ICT解决方案的类型来确定技术类型。NVIVO软件聚类分析应用于与企业ICT解决方案的收益和优势相关的数据。研究结果:我们发现,降低成本和快速决策是信息通信技术的基本好处。据调查,农业食品领域的信息通信技术(ICT)领域是由不同时代的企业组成的,而且很多都不是创业公司。我们发现了两种新现象:农业服务化,即服务业作为农业生产关键投入的重要性日益增加;农业制造业,即对农业生产要素的控制不断加强。
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引用次数: 0
Impacto da internacionalização na necessidade de capital de giro das empresas brasileiras 国际化对巴西公司营运资金需求的影响
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramf220017.pt
A. Rosa, C. A. Forti, V. Dias
Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos dos períodos de crise na relação entre internacionalização e necessidade de capital de giro (NCG), no período de 2010 a 2018, tendo como amostra as empresas brasileiras de capital aberto. Originalidade/valor: O artigo contribui para a literatura por abordar um tema ainda pouco explorado no que tange à relação entre NCG e internacionalização, além de analisar a influência da crise econômica nessa relação, utilizando, para tanto, três proxies para internacionalização para fins de robustez dos resultados. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Para alcançar o objetivo, usou-se uma regressão pelo método dos momentos generalizado (GMM) com dados em painel. Para isso, foram utilizadas três base de dados para a coleta dos dados: Economatica, Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) e J. P. Morgan. Resultados: Constatou-se que as empresas brasileiras mais internacionalizadas tendem a ter uma maior NCG e utilizam o estoque como forma de proteção de possíveis imprevistos oriundos de processos de importação. Além disso, a internacionalização se mostra como uma forma de as empresas manterem seu nível de atividade em período de crise nacional.
摘要目的:本研究以巴西上市公司为样本,分析2010年至2018年危机时期对国际化与营运资本需求关系的影响。独创性/价值:这篇文章对文献做出了贡献,除了分析经济危机对这一关系的影响外,还探讨了一个关于NCG与国际化之间关系的主题,因此,为了结果的稳健性,使用了三个国际化指标。设计/方法/方法:为了实现这一目标,我们使用了具有面板数据的广义矩法(GMM)回归。为此,使用了三个数据库进行数据收集:Economatica、Comissão de Valores Mobiliários(CVM)和J.P.Morgan。结果:研究发现,最国际化的巴西公司往往拥有更大的NCG,并将库存作为保护进口过程中可能发生的不可预见事件的一种方式。此外,国际化被视为企业在国家危机时期保持活动水平的一种方式。
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引用次数: 1
Human resources policies, learning, and turnover intention in organizations 组织中的人力资源政策、学习与离职倾向
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramg220210.en
Alessandra Demite G. Freitas, F. M. Lacerda, Enise A. Santos, Marcelo A. Alvarenga, F. Bizarrias
Abstract Purpose: The objective of this research is to investigate how human resources policies and the perception of learning opportunities in organizations influence the intention of professional turnover. Originality/value: The authors demonstrated that, by understanding the existing relationships between the researched constructs, organizations should increase their investments in improvements in human resources policies, particularly in actions that promote a greater perception of learning opportunities, which reduce the intention of employee turnover of their talents. Design/methodology/approach: This research was developed with a quantitative approach and data collection was carried out through a survey. The questionnaires were applied to 250 professionals working in the labor market and students from a private university. Data analysis was performed with a confirmatory factor analysis and, subsequently, a structural equation modeling. Findings: The authors presented the research results in a descriptive way, the three hypotheses defined for the study were accepted, and the dimensions of human resources policies were considered significant. The authors presented relevant attributes for the understanding that, even though there are several reasons that can influence a professional in his decision to leave the organization, new factors must be considered, such as the possibilities of a greater offer of knowledge.
摘要目的:本研究旨在探讨组织中人力资源政策和学习机会感知对专业人员离职意向的影响。原创性/价值:作者证明,通过理解所研究结构之间的现有关系,组织应该增加对人力资源政策改进的投资,特别是在促进更大的学习机会感知的行动上,这将减少员工离职的意图。设计/方法/方法:本研究采用定量方法,并通过调查收集数据。调查对象包括250名在劳动力市场工作的专业人士和一所私立大学的学生。数据分析采用验证性因子分析,随后进行结构方程建模。研究结果:作者以描述性的方式呈现研究结果,为研究定义的三个假设被接受,人力资源政策的维度被认为是显著的。作者提出了相关属性,以便理解,尽管有几个原因可以影响专业人员离开组织的决定,但必须考虑新的因素,例如提供更多知识的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Hybrid multicriteria technique for international markets selection based on the analytic hierarchy process 基于层次分析法的国际市场选择混合多准则技术
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramr220038.en
J. Baena-Rojas, Diego A. López-Cadavid, Tania M. Mackenzie-Torres, Claudia L. Muñoz-Parra
Abstract Purpose: To present a rigorous technique for merchandise companies that are internationalizing and pursuit the best options of export markets to direct their products. Originality/value: The literature suggests that companies, especially small and medium enterprises (SME), due to their lack of experience when participating in international business, tend to employ uncertainty processes that affect in decision making when exporting. For this reason, an innovative multivariable technique for international markets selection (IMS) is presented, in which factors such as trade barriers, economics, cost, logistics and culture are considered. Design/methodology/approach: Consulting different databases obtained from the internet, it was possible to analyze the factors indicated above, which, in turn, are integrated by different variables. Thus, this work used a multivariable methodology and/or technique that is complemented with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign the weights of each factor and their respective variables; all this, including a survey among experts and members of the foreign trade department of the company under study, in this case, dedicated to the production of confectionery. Findings: According to the statistical data processed with the multivariable technique and weighted with the AHP process, the results suggest that by their score the best export markets are Ireland, Netherlands and Denmark. In this sense, the empirical evidence indicates that the pointed countries are the most attractive markets for the factors considered, as well as for their general features.
摘要目的:为国际化和追求出口市场最佳选择的商品公司提供一种严谨的产品指导技术。原创性/价值:文献表明,公司,特别是中小型企业(SME),由于缺乏参与国际业务的经验,倾向于采用不确定性过程,影响出口决策。为此,提出了一种创新的多变量国际市场选择技术(IMS),其中考虑了贸易壁垒、经济、成本、物流和文化等因素。设计/方法/方法:通过查阅从互联网获得的不同数据库,可以分析上述因素,而这些因素又由不同的变量综合起来。因此,这项工作使用了多变量方法和/或技术,辅以层次分析法(AHP)来分配每个因素及其各自变量的权重;所有这一切,包括对正在研究的公司外贸部门的专家和成员的调查,在这种情况下,专门用于糖果生产。结果:采用多变量技术对统计数据进行处理,并采用层次分析法进行加权,结果表明,从其得分来看,最佳出口市场是爱尔兰、荷兰和丹麦。在这个意义上,经验证据表明,就所考虑的因素及其一般特征而言,这些国家是最具吸引力的市场。
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引用次数: 2
Digital transformation in university technology expo 大学数字化转型科技博览会
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramr220093.en
Alejandro K. Arrabal, R. S. Cardoso, V. Wiggers, A. Colombo
ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this article is to explore the Innovation and Entre-preneurship Fair held by the Technological Sciences Center of the Regional University of Blumenau (Universidade Regional de Blumenau [Furb]), to describe the relevant factors in its execution through the digital environment. Originality/value: This study presents elements to understand the conditions of implementation and the challenges involved in holding technological fairs within the scope of higher education organizations through information and communication technologies (ICT). Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research with a descriptive-interpretative approach. The descriptive approach consisted of observing facts and procedures adopted within the scope of a higher education institution. The interpretive approach examined that the facts and procedures that constitute the object of study presuppose the intersubjective context from which the observation was made. Findings: The study allowed us to recognize that the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fair, held over seven years at the Center for Technological Sciences of Furb, has adapted to digital media in its eighth and ninth editions. Due to the need to follow health and safety protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic, this initiative added to the fact that it is the first major Furb event held entirely in digital form. It presented logistical challenges to make practices and processes compatible with the environment and resources of the world wide web.
摘要目的:本文旨在探讨布鲁梅瑙大区大学技术科学中心(Universidade Regional de Blumenau [Furb])举办的创新创业博览会,并通过数字环境描述其执行的相关因素。原创性/价值:本研究提出了通过信息和通信技术(ICT)在高等教育组织范围内举办技术博览会所涉及的实施条件和挑战的要素。设计/方法论/方法:采用描述性-解释性方法的定性研究。描述性方法包括观察高等教育机构范围内采用的事实和程序。解释方法认为,构成研究对象的事实和程序预设了进行观察的主体间语境。研究结果:这项研究让我们认识到,在Furb技术科学中心举办了七年的创新与创业博览会已经适应了数字媒体的第八届和第九届。由于在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间需要遵守健康和安全协议,这一举措增加了这一事实,即它是第一个完全以数字形式举行的重大Furb活动。它提出了后勤方面的挑战,使实践和进程与万维网的环境和资源相适应。
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引用次数: 1
Relações interorganizacionais e inovação: Estudo de caso na indústria de serviços financeiros interorganizacionais关系和金融服务行业的创新:案例研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramr220110.pt
Priscila P. Sartori, Ana L. R. Facco, I. Garrido
Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em compreender como as relações interorganizacionais podem contribuir para a inovação em empresas de serviços, identificando práticas utilizadas em determinada aliança ou díade. Originalidade/valor: O desenvolvimento da literatura sobre relações interorganizacionais e inovação confirma que esse debate se tornou relevante em estudos gerenciais. Porém, com a variedade de drivers nesse processo, identificou-se a necessidade de uma compreensão aprofundada sobre o papel das relações interorganizacionais na inovação, lacuna para a qual este estudo buscou contribuir. Cabe ressaltar que muito do conhecimento sobre gestão da inovação é baseado na compreensão de indústrias de manufatura, sendo necessária uma maior compreensão do processo de gestão, estratégia e práticas na indústria de serviços. Com base nisso, este estudo oferece contribuições teóricas e gerenciais. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Foi realizado um estudo de caso único, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, com foco em uma aliança estratégica entre uma startup e um banco tradicional na indústria financeira brasileira. Resultados: Motivações para o engajamento em uma aliança, seleção de parceiros, práticas adotadas para o compartilhamento de recursos complementares, entre eles o conhecimento, colaboração e aprendizagem foram identificadas no caso em análise como fatores que favoreceram tanto a criação de um ambiente de inovação quanto os resultados de inovação para ambas as empresas.
摘要目的:本研究的目的是了解组织间关系如何有助于服务公司的创新,识别在给定的联盟或二联体中使用的实践。原创性/价值:组织间关系和创新文献的发展证实了这一争论在管理研究中变得相关。然而,由于在这一过程中驱动因素的多样性,有必要深入了解组织间关系在创新中的作用,本研究试图对此作出贡献。值得注意的是,许多关于创新管理的知识是基于对制造业的理解,需要更好地理解服务行业的管理过程、战略和实践。在此基础上,本研究提供了理论和管理方面的贡献。设计/方法/方法:采用探索性定性方法进行单一案例研究,重点关注巴西金融业初创企业和传统银行之间的战略联盟。结果:动机人气的一个联盟,选择合作伙伴,采取实践之间的资源互补共享他们的知识,合作学习被认为在这种情况下,更希望建立一个创新环境和创新的结果为这两家公司。
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引用次数: 0
REASONS FOR PROFESSIONALS TO STAY OR LEAVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS 专业人员留下或离开信息技术组织的原因
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/ERAMG220161
A. Steil, Janine da Silva Alves Bello, Aline Ferreira de Freitas, Julya Kronbauer, Denise de Cuffa
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study describes the reasons for professionals to stay or leave information technology (IT) organizations in Santa Catarina. Originality/value: Technology organizations have experienced challenges in retaining professionals. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on the subject by presenting the professionals’ perceptions about their reasons for voluntarily staying or leaving these organizations. Design/methodology/approach: Four hundred and forty workers from private technology companies freely answered two open questions in an online questionnaire (survey): “What are the reasons that maintain you working at this company?” and “For what reasons would you leave this company in the future?”. The responses, collected in the second half of 2016, were inductively coded and subsequently aggregated into categories. Findings: The results indicate that the professionals remain in the researched organizations primarily due to occupational (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, proper working conditions and perception of professional growth), organizational (adequate management practices) and environmental reasons (perception that there are no better work alternatives). The professionals surveyed would leave the organizations they currently work, primarily for occupational reasons (lack of job satisfaction and opportunities for professional growth, lack of an outlook on valorization and better working conditions), as well as for organizational (inadequate management practices), environmental (better job alternatives) and individual reasons (career planning). Based on the analysis of these results, an agenda for future research on the investigated topic is presented.
摘要目的:本研究描述了圣卡塔琳娜州信息技术(IT)机构的专业人员离开或离开的原因。原创性/价值:技术组织在留住专业人员方面遇到了挑战。因此,本研究通过展示专业人士对他们自愿离开或离开这些组织的原因的看法,为这一主题的文献做出了贡献。设计/方法/方法:来自私营科技公司的440名员工在一份在线调查问卷中自由回答了两个开放性问题:“是什么原因让你在这家公司工作?”以及“你将来会因为什么原因离开本公司?”这些回复是在2016年下半年收集的,经过归纳编码,随后汇总成类别。研究发现:研究结果表明,专业人员留在被研究组织的主要原因是职业(工作满意度、组织承诺、适当的工作条件和专业成长的感知)、组织(适当的管理实践)和环境原因(没有更好的工作选择的感知)。接受调查的专业人员将离开他们目前工作的组织,主要是出于职业原因(缺乏工作满意度和专业成长机会,缺乏对价值增值和更好的工作条件的展望),以及组织(管理实践不足)、环境(更好的工作选择)和个人原因(职业规划)。在对研究结果进行分析的基础上,提出了本课题未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Desempenho individual no trabalho: proposições para uma mensuração personalizada e um diagnóstico abrangente 个人工作表现:个性化测量和全面诊断的建议
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/hz3r7
H. Sandall, Luciana Mourão
PurposeIndividual job performance is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for organizations, but difficult to measure and often with restricted diagnoses. The aim of this study was to present a set of general indicators of individual performance at work that contemplate different dimensions of this construct to support a personalized measurement and a comprehensive diagnosis.Originality / RelevanceIt presents a set of items that allows a comprehensive approach to work performance composed of eight behavioral classes and a personalized way of measuring it in different areas of work and occupational functions.Design / Methodology / ApproachThe work followed a theoretical stage and an empirical one. In the former, the theoretical model was chosen, the construct was operationalized, and job performance scales' items were selected. In the empirical stage, the items were classified, selected, and adapted according to the dimensions of the chosen theoretical model, based on an evaluators' analysis (n = 16), an expert panel (n = 6) and a semantic validation with professionals (n = 9).FindingsThe study generated 56 items for measuring job performance, distributed in eight dimensions, according to the theoretical model adopted. Its use will allow a careful measurement of performance, with comprehensive diagnostics on the topic. Additionally, the findings allow academics and managers to raise the level of debates about the construct to favor theoretical advances in the area and instigate new methodological advances.
个人的工作表现对组织来说是一种至关重要的现象,但很难衡量,而且往往诊断有限。本研究的目的是提出一套个人工作表现的一般指标,考虑这一结构的不同维度,以支持个性化的测量和全面的诊断。原创性/相关性它提出了一套项目,允许对工作绩效的综合方法,包括八个行为类别,以及在不同工作领域和职业职能中衡量它的个性化方法。设计/方法/方法这项工作经历了理论阶段和实证阶段。前者选择理论模型,对结构进行操作化,选择工作绩效量表的条目;在实证阶段,根据所选择的理论模型的维度,基于评估者的分析(n = 16),专家小组(n = 6)和专业人士的语义验证(n = 9),对项目进行分类,选择和调整。研究结果根据所采用的理论模型,研究产生了56个衡量工作绩效的项目,分布在八个维度。它的使用将允许对性能进行仔细的测量,并对该主题进行全面的诊断。此外,这些发现使学者和管理人员能够提高关于该结构的辩论水平,以支持该领域的理论进步,并激发新的方法进步。
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引用次数: 0
LEARNING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE HARVESTING PRACTICES OF A FOREST-BASED COMPANY 在森林公司的采伐实践中学习可持续发展
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramg210198
K. C. A. Vasconcelos, Annor da Silva Junior
ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study is to understand how the learning process of sustainability occurs within the context of the harvesting practices of a forest-based company. Originality/value: The study contributes to understanding the learning process of sustainability under the approach of practice when demonstrating how the knowledge of sustainability is created and reproduced from the practices established by a group. In practical terms, the narrative of the flow of knowing and learning has the potential of assisting managers and educators to structure more integrative corporate education projects, in which the initiatives are integrated into the practices of the occupational communities. Design/methodology/approach: This is a qualitative research of descriptive nature, through a single-case study in a forest harvesting operation in a Brazilian company that has sustainability at the core of its business strategy. It was adopted as collection instruments the in-depth observation, the semi-structured interview, and the documental research, which were analyzed through the thematic analysis of narratives. Findings: The results suggest that, in the given context, the learning process of sustainability happens in a combination of the processes of creation and dissemination of knowledge conducted by the company and the practices developed within the occupational communities. There are indications that, in a social construction process, new working models are learned, based on an entanglement of planning, safety, and discursive practices, activating the knowledge-in-practice of sustainability.
摘要目的:本研究的目的是了解可持续发展的学习过程是如何在森林公司采伐实践的背景下发生的。独创性/价值:该研究有助于理解实践方法下的可持续发展学习过程,展示了可持续发展知识是如何从一个群体建立的实践中创造和复制的。在实践中,知识和学习流程的叙述具有帮助管理人员和教育工作者构建更综合的企业教育项目的潜力,在这些项目中,主动性被整合到职业社区的实践中。设计/方法/方法:这是一项描述性质的研究,通过对一家巴西公司森林采伐业务的单一案例研究,该公司将可持续性作为其商业战略的核心。采用深度观察法、半结构化访谈法和文献研究法作为收集手段,通过叙事的主题分析进行分析。结果表明,在给定的背景下,可持续发展的学习过程发生在公司进行的知识创造和传播过程与职业社区内发展的实践相结合的过程中。有迹象表明,在社会建设过程中,基于规划、安全和话语实践的纠缠,新的工作模式被学习,激活了可持续性实践中的知识。
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引用次数: 1
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Revista de Administracao Mackenzie
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