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A Review of Critical Studies on National ICT Policy in the Context of Africa 非洲背景下国家信息通信技术政策关键研究综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303601
Frank Makoza
This paper presents a review of critical studies on ICT policies in the context of Africa to understand their contribution in highlighting, often taken for granted issues, in the application and use of ICT to address poverty and exclusion in society. Using narrative literature review, the findings confirm the paucity of critical studies on ICT policies in Africa. Theory of Communicative Action (TCA) was mostly used in the sampled literature to interrogate hidden assumptions and power issues related to ICT policies. The study proposes the use of African centric critique of ICT policy issues to understand ICT policy challenges and address the realities of the context of Africa. The paper suggests possible areas for further research to stimulate debate on improving ICT policies in Africa and address conditions that limit African countries to flourish when using ICTs.
本文回顾了在非洲背景下对信息通信技术政策的批判性研究,以了解它们在突出信息通信技术的应用和使用以解决社会贫困和排斥问题方面的贡献,这些问题通常被视为理所当然。通过文献综述,研究结果证实了对非洲信息通信技术政策的批判性研究的缺乏。在抽样文献中,交际行为理论(Theory of communication Action, TCA)主要用于探究与信息通信技术政策相关的隐性假设和权力问题。该研究建议使用以非洲为中心的信息通信技术政策问题批评来理解信息通信技术政策挑战并解决非洲背景下的现实问题。这篇论文提出了进一步研究的可能领域,以激发关于改善非洲ICT政策的辩论,并解决限制非洲国家在使用ICT时繁荣发展的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Vedic Yajna's Effects on the AQI of India in the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Healthcare 4.0 Concept for Smart Cities 5.0 在第二波COVID-19大流行中审视吠陀雅依那对印度AQI的影响:智慧城市5.0的医疗保健4.0概念
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303605
R. Rastogi, D. K. Chaturvedi, Mukund Rastogi, Saransh Chauhan, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Utkarsh Agrawal, Richa Singh
This paper depicts Vedic science importance in reducing AQI level and betterment of life with use of Indian Vedic ritual Yajna and Havan. The dataset collected here supports the facts and scientifically proves the proposed analysis. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the author's team have collected data through installed sensors in different areas. The presented analysis includes experiments in constrained environments as well as open environments. The sensors have been installed to give their output regarding concentration levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO2 in air at every 30 minutes and a dataset of the last four months has been collected. On the basis of pollutants in the environment before and after the Yajna activity, the analysis was done and the graphical depictions verify that the pollution level decreased after the Havan. Yajna activity is an alternative tool to solve the problem of air pollution on an individual as well as community level. The ingredients and material used in Havan as samagri are easily available and are in reach of common man.
本文描述了吠陀科学在降低AQI水平和使用印度吠陀仪式Yajna和Havan改善生活中的重要性。本文收集的数据支持事实,科学地证明了所提出的分析。中央污染控制委员会(CPCB)和作者的团队通过安装在不同地区的传感器收集数据。所提出的分析包括约束环境和开放环境下的实验。安装的传感器每隔30分钟就会输出空气中PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO2的浓度水平,并收集了过去四个月的数据集。根据Yajna活动前后环境中的污染物,进行了分析,图形描述证实了Havan活动后污染水平下降。Yajna活动是在个人和社区层面解决空气污染问题的另一种工具。在哈文用作samagri的原料和材料很容易获得,并且是普通人可以接触到的。
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引用次数: 1
Demonstration of Structural Topic Modeling on Charter School Closures in 2019: Quantitative Text Analysis With Machine Learning 2019年特许学校关闭的结构主题建模演示:基于机器学习的定量文本分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303606
Lifei Huang
While evidence often exists in local newspapers, Facebook pages, and on other platforms, a lack of centralization means that researchers looking to determine the causes of school closure suffer from the unenviable task of manually hunting for data. Worse still, once they collect the texts, researchers need to sift through them to determine the underlining causes for closure. This sifting leads to a variety of issues related to human error. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of using a Structural Topic Model (STM) to automate this last step, reduce human bias, and save time. Topic Modeling is a machine learning technique that builds on a base of artificial intelligence research that seeks to automate complex meta-cognitive tasks. This method is new to the education space, but the paper aims at demonstrating the potential uses by leveraging closure data for the 2018-19 school year. After testing this method on the 2018-19 school year, the researcher determined that the top two reasons for charter school closure at the end of 2019 were financial fraud and low academic performance.
虽然证据通常存在于当地报纸、Facebook页面和其他平台上,但缺乏集中化意味着,想要确定学校关闭原因的研究人员需要手工寻找数据,这是一项不令人羡慕的任务。更糟糕的是,一旦他们收集了这些文本,研究人员需要对它们进行筛选,以确定关闭的主要原因。这种筛选会导致与人为错误相关的各种问题。本文展示了使用结构主题模型(STM)自动化最后一步的有效性,减少了人为偏见,节省了时间。主题建模是一种机器学习技术,它建立在人工智能研究的基础上,旨在自动化复杂的元认知任务。这种方法对教育领域来说是一种新方法,但本文旨在通过利用2018-19学年的关闭数据来展示其潜在用途。在2018-19学年测试了这种方法后,研究人员确定,2019年底特许学校关闭的两个主要原因是财务欺诈和学习成绩低下。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Mobile Phones in Creating Environmental Awareness Among Fishers in the Indus Delta of Pakistan 移动电话在提高巴基斯坦印度河三角洲渔民环保意识方面的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303603
A. A. Hingorjo, Bashir Memon, D. Marinova
Mobile phones changed the patterns of communication and flow of information in human society. This study assesses their importance in creating awareness about issues related to the natural environment and climate change, where responsiveness at a community is essential. It examines particularly the role of mobile phones in creating environmental awareness among fishers in the Indus Delta region of Pakistan. Mobile usage patterns, mobile phones as a source of environmental information and the use of social media for environmental discourse among the fishing communities are analysed. The results indicate that mobile communication is ranked as the fifth major source of information about environmental problems in the Indus Delta after personal observation, television, radio and newspapers. Although mobile phones offer high potential for receiving, accessing and reporting information about environmental issues through the use of social media, they are still not widely used for such purposes in these fishing communities.
移动电话改变了人类社会的沟通方式和信息流动。本研究评估了它们在提高人们对与自然环境和气候变化有关的问题的认识方面的重要性,在这些问题上,社区的响应是必不可少的。报告特别审查了移动电话在提高巴基斯坦印度河三角洲地区渔民的环保意识方面的作用。分析了移动使用模式、作为环境信息来源的移动电话以及在渔业社区中使用社会媒体进行环境话语的情况。结果表明,移动通信是继个人观察、电视、广播和报纸之后,印度河三角洲地区环境问题的第五大信息来源。尽管通过使用社交媒体,移动电话在接收、获取和报告环境问题信息方面具有很大的潜力,但在这些渔业社区,移动电话仍未广泛用于此类目的。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral Inhibition as an Antecedent to Multi-Dimensional Attitudes Towards Surveillance Technology: Behavioral Inhibition and Attitudes to Surveillance 行为抑制是对监视技术多维态度的前提:行为抑制与对监视的态度
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303600
A. Bajaj, Warda Laknaoui
In this work, we explore a structural equation model that operationalizes surveillance along three dimensions: the affective attitude towards surveillance, the cognitive attitude towards surveillance as a safety provider and the experiential aspect of surveillance as interfering with daily life. We also look at privacy concerns as a dependent variable to see if the privacy paradox applies, where individuals express concerns over privacy but still voluntarily give up large amounts of personal information. We find a positive influence of a subset of behavioral inhibition indicators as antecedents to the affective and cognitive aspects of attitudes towards surveillance. We also find that the privacy paradox, where privacy concerns are “exaggerated” with respect to actual attitudes and behavioral intent hold true. Finally, we find education is a significant precursor to the cognitive attitude towards surveillance, while the amount of time lived in the USA (geography) influences how much interference in day-to-day activities is perceived as a result of cam and internet surveillance.
在这项工作中,我们探索了一个结构方程模型,该模型沿着三个维度来操作监视:对监视的情感态度,对作为安全提供者的监视的认知态度以及监视干扰日常生活的经验方面。我们还将隐私问题视为一个因变量,看看隐私悖论是否适用,即个人表达对隐私的担忧,但仍然自愿放弃大量个人信息。我们发现行为抑制指标的子集作为对监视态度的情感和认知方面的前因的积极影响。我们还发现隐私悖论,即隐私问题相对于实际态度和行为意图被“夸大”。最后,我们发现教育是对监控的认知态度的重要前兆,而在美国居住的时间(地理位置)影响了人们对日常活动的干扰程度,这是由于摄像头和互联网监控造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the Cryptocurrency Regulatory Environment of Malawi Using Pathetic Dot Theory 用可怜点理论分析马拉维的加密货币监管环境
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303598
Frank Makoza
Cryptocurrencies are gaining popularity as a means of electronic payment across the globe. The aim of this paper is to analyse how financial regulatory environment can leverage the adoption of cryptocurrencies and enhance financial inclusion. The study used case of Malawi as an example of a developing country that was considering regulating cryptocurrencies. Using Pathetic Dot Theory to analyse secondary data, the findings showed that the country had substantial ICT infrastructure concentrated in urban areas that may support cryptocurrencies services. However, the country did not have adequate legal frameworks to regulate use of cryptocurrencies. The demand-side of payment systems e.g. the cryptocurrency market was still underdeveloped and required awareness of cryptocurrencies services to support financial inclusion. The study contributes to the understanding of cryptocurrencies regulatory environment in the context of developing countries.
加密货币作为一种电子支付手段在全球越来越受欢迎。本文的目的是分析金融监管环境如何利用加密货币的采用并增强金融包容性。该研究以马拉维为例,说明一个正在考虑监管加密货币的发展中国家。利用可怜点理论分析二手数据,研究结果表明,该国拥有大量的ICT基础设施,集中在城市地区,可能支持加密货币服务。然而,该国没有足够的法律框架来规范加密货币的使用。支付系统的需求方(例如加密货币市场)仍然不发达,需要对加密货币服务的认识来支持金融包容性。该研究有助于理解发展中国家背景下的加密货币监管环境。
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引用次数: 0
Social Enterprise Financing Case Study 社会企业融资案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303602
N. Baporikar, Lucia Sauti
Enterprises require sufficient finances on a sustainable basis to achieve their set goals and deliver effective, efficient, innovative, and quality services. More so the social enterprises as they cater to a larger base. Yet social enterprises the world over face funding challenges. Special schools are no exception, even if they are established by the government for social upliftment and enhanced inclusivity. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore the challenges special schools face in Windhoek, Namibia. Adopting exploratory research design with mixed methodology approach, quantitative data collection by questionnaire from 50 participants and qualitative data collected through structured interviews include four management staff of two special schools, one each from philanthropic organization Ministry of Education. Findings reveal the various reasons for challenges in financing are due to the Government abolishment of the School Development Fund (SDF) and cuts in education budgets due to financial crisis. Recommendations include special planning and private-public partnerships.
企业需要在可持续的基础上获得充足的资金,以实现其既定目标,并提供有效、高效、创新和优质的服务。社会企业更是如此,因为它们迎合了更大的基础。然而,世界各地的社会企业都面临着资金挑战。特殊学校也不例外,即使它们是政府为了提高社会地位和增强包容性而设立的。因此,本文旨在探讨纳米比亚温得和克特殊学校面临的挑战。采用混合方法学的探索性研究设计,通过问卷调查的方式收集50名参与者的定量数据,通过结构化访谈的方式收集两所特殊学校的4名管理人员的定性数据,这些管理人员分别来自慈善组织教育部。调查结果显示,财政困难的各种原因是由于政府取消了学校发展基金(SDF)和财政危机导致的教育预算削减。建议包括特别规划和公私伙伴关系。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Technical Capacity on Utilization of Information Systems in County Governments in Kenya 技术能力对肯尼亚县政府信息系统利用的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303592
C. Owuor, Harriet Mwendwa Mbaya
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of staff technical capacity on utilization of information systems in revenue management in county governments in Kenya. This study employed a Technology Adoption Model to describe the motivating factors behind adoption of new technology and how human actions are guided on the same. Descriptive research design was carried out at the County Government of Nakuru offices. The questionnaires were distributed among 351 staff in Revenue Management by means of stratified random sampling technique. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the direct and indirect effects of the staff technical capacity on utilization of information systems in revenue management. The findings of this research shows that staff technical capacity has a positive impact on the utilization of management information systems in revenue management.
本研究的目的是检查工作人员的技术能力对肯尼亚县政府在收入管理中利用信息系统的影响。本研究采用技术采用模型来描述采用新技术背后的激励因素以及如何在此基础上引导人类行为。描述性研究设计在纳库鲁县政府办公室进行。采用分层随机抽样的方法,对收入管理部门351名员工进行问卷调查。采用相关分析和回归分析,检验了工作人员技术能力对收入管理中信息系统利用的直接和间接影响。本研究结果显示,工作人员的技术能力对管理资讯系统在收入管理中的运用有正面影响。
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引用次数: 1
Augmented Reality Assistance for Aging People: A Systematic Literature Review 增强现实对老年人的帮助:系统的文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.303604
J. D. Udayan, R. Halonen, C. Kumar
The development of Augmented Reality is becoming robust and matured by the combination of real-time performance with virtual information. With the proliferating geriatric population, the benefits of AR systems can be suitably harnessed for supporting the elderly in home activities, mobility and entertainment, among others. Hence, the development of AR to assist aging population is now feasible, but an overview of the existing research is not yet attempted. The objective of this systematic literature review is to provide the detail technical progress on the current situation of AR application and reviews the different domains using AR for supporting the ageing population. Search was conducted on five databases including Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library and Springer Link.350 papers were initially searched and after detail study 71 were selected for the review. To conclude, the review proposed six components to be noted when developing new AR applications for the elderly.
增强现实技术将实时性与虚拟信息相结合,发展日趋稳健和成熟。随着老年人口的激增,增强现实系统的好处可以适当地用于支持老年人的家庭活动、移动和娱乐等。因此,发展AR辅助人口老龄化目前是可行的,但尚未尝试对现有研究进行概述。本系统文献综述的目的是提供AR应用现状的详细技术进展,并综述了AR用于支持人口老龄化的不同领域。检索Scopus、IEEE Xplore、Science Direct、ACM Digital Library、Springer link等5个数据库,初步检索论文350篇,经详细研究后筛选出71篇纳入综述。综上所述,在为老年人开发新的AR应用程序时,该综述提出了六个需要注意的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Current Status and Future Perspective of the Green Building Practices in Construction Projects: Insights From Qatar 建筑项目中绿色建筑实践的现状与未来展望:来自卡塔尔的见解
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijissc.287831
R. Saleh, A. Al‐Swidi
Green building practices (GBP) constitute the foundation of sustainable construction development. In order to fulfill the green building development in Qatar, this study will shed some light on the current status of GBP in Qatar’s construction projects and assess the level of intention of engineers to adopt GBP. A total of 378 valid questionnaires were gathered and analyzed using SPSS v23. The researchers found that the lack of knowledge of GBP and high costs of materials required for GBP use were among the factors that could keep engineers from adopting GBP. Importantly, the study found that engineers, regardless of their age group, roles, occupation, educational level, experience, and income, had the same level of intention to adopt GBP. This study could significantly help the government and decision makers improve and accelerate the implementation of GBP in Qatar’s construction projects.
绿色建筑实践(GBP)是建筑可持续发展的基础。为了实现卡塔尔绿色建筑的发展,本研究将阐明GBP在卡塔尔建筑项目中的现状,并评估工程师采用GBP的意愿水平。共收集有效问卷378份,使用SPSS v23进行分析。研究人员发现,缺乏对GBP的了解以及使用GBP所需的材料成本高是阻碍工程师采用GBP的因素之一。重要的是,该研究发现,无论工程师的年龄、角色、职业、教育水平、经验和收入如何,他们采用GBP的意愿都是相同的。本研究对卡塔尔政府和决策者改进和加快GBP在卡塔尔建设项目中的实施具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Int. J. Inf. Syst. Soc. Chang.
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