What does contribute to the tremendous valuation of electric vehicles (EVs) producers? Two prominent and representative EV producers, Tesla, and Nio are carefully examined and evaluated in this case study. The significant valuation growth of EV producers can be attributed to a range of factors, including industry growth expectations and unrelated to the growth in R&D expenses and the volatility of Google Search volume. Using multiple valuation methods, I conclude that EV producers are currently overvalued.
{"title":"What Contribute to the Growth of EV Automakers’ Valuation? The Case of Tesla and Nio","authors":"Quang Nguyen Tran","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n7p35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n7p35","url":null,"abstract":"What does contribute to the tremendous valuation of electric vehicles (EVs) producers? Two prominent and representative EV producers, Tesla, and Nio are carefully examined and evaluated in this case study. The significant valuation growth of EV producers can be attributed to a range of factors, including industry growth expectations and unrelated to the growth in R&D expenses and the volatility of Google Search volume. Using multiple valuation methods, I conclude that EV producers are currently overvalued.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76646550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper empirically tests the impact of heterogeneous equity mix on corporate performance using unbalanced dynamic panel data of China’s A-share main board market from 2008-2019 and comparatively analyzes the differences in the impact of heterogeneous equity mix on different holding companies’ performance and socioeconomic efficiency. The results show that a heterogeneous equity mix has no significant effect on the operating efficiency of enterprises, but has a significant positive effect on the operating efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency of enterprises. However, a heterogeneous equity mix does not promote the transformation of operation and governance mechanisms, resulting in no significant improvement in enterprise operating efficiency.
{"title":"A Study on the Effect of Heterogeneous Equity Mix on the Performance of Mixed Ownership Firms","authors":"Xuemei Liu, Rong Yang, Dongsheng Li","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n7p23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n7p23","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically tests the impact of heterogeneous equity mix on corporate performance using unbalanced dynamic panel data of China’s A-share main board market from 2008-2019 and comparatively analyzes the differences in the impact of heterogeneous equity mix on different holding companies’ performance and socioeconomic efficiency. The results show that a heterogeneous equity mix has no significant effect on the operating efficiency of enterprises, but has a significant positive effect on the operating efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency of enterprises. However, a heterogeneous equity mix does not promote the transformation of operation and governance mechanisms, resulting in no significant improvement in enterprise operating efficiency.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77691431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new normal is a conceptual situation where economic and political agents are economically convinced and politically motivated to adapt to temporary austerity in economic growth and political participation. The concept entails a remarkable and rare mix of economics and politics. Focusing on Russia, the paper draws on results from two studies that reflect on underlying weak links in the benchmark economy that support expectations of moderation in economic growth and political participation. One study examines the tendency and causes for the Russian development underperformance (slow growth and sticky distribution when compared to other leading countries). The study makes use of social accounting matrix multipliers. The tendencies are partly due to structural imbalances inherited from the past economy with its state-led shadow agents, and its ethnic regional disparities. The other study looks forward into the future and examines Russian prospects for leadership and influence at the global level. This study makes use of a dominance index composed of the relative sizes of transforming agents (i.e., population) and transformed value (i.e., GDP). Results for Russia suggest that global dominance is eroding, and global marginalization is imminent. Both studies point to difficult choices that Russian leadership have been increasingly facing and continue to face in a drama-like sequence. We briefly comment on likely responses.
{"title":"Russian Drama: Inherited Development Underperformance and Eroding Global Dominance","authors":"Solomon I. Cohen","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n7p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n7p10","url":null,"abstract":"The new normal is a conceptual situation where economic and political agents are economically convinced and politically motivated to adapt to temporary austerity in economic growth and political participation. The concept entails a remarkable and rare mix of economics and politics. Focusing on Russia, the paper draws on results from two studies that reflect on underlying weak links in the benchmark economy that support expectations of moderation in economic growth and political participation. One study examines the tendency and causes for the Russian development underperformance (slow growth and sticky distribution when compared to other leading countries). The study makes use of social accounting matrix multipliers. The tendencies are partly due to structural imbalances inherited from the past economy with its state-led shadow agents, and its ethnic regional disparities. The other study looks forward into the future and examines Russian prospects for leadership and influence at the global level. This study makes use of a dominance index composed of the relative sizes of transforming agents (i.e., population) and transformed value (i.e., GDP). Results for Russia suggest that global dominance is eroding, and global marginalization is imminent. Both studies point to difficult choices that Russian leadership have been increasingly facing and continue to face in a drama-like sequence. We briefly comment on likely responses.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78849584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we examine factors that motivate people to seek financial advice from financial planners. Data from a national survey conducted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2016 was used in the analysis. We discovered that essential factors, such as subjective norms, financial knowledge, financial risk tolerance, and personal traits, have a positive impact on an individual's decision to seek advice from financial planners. On the other hand, financial stress caused by financial constraints has a significant negative effect. This study also found that contrary to previous research, minorities are more likely to seek financial advice from planners. However, when examining different financial asset domains, such disparities across racial groups decreased. This study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the decision-making process when it comes to hiring financial planners and how individual socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics can influence this choice.
{"title":"Who Seeks Financial Advice from a Financial Planner?","authors":"F. Liu","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n7p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n7p1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine factors that motivate people to seek financial advice from financial planners. Data from a national survey conducted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2016 was used in the analysis. We discovered that essential factors, such as subjective norms, financial knowledge, financial risk tolerance, and personal traits, have a positive impact on an individual's decision to seek advice from financial planners. On the other hand, financial stress caused by financial constraints has a significant negative effect. This study also found that contrary to previous research, minorities are more likely to seek financial advice from planners. However, when examining different financial asset domains, such disparities across racial groups decreased. This study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the decision-making process when it comes to hiring financial planners and how individual socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics can influence this choice.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"11 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78638629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to contribute to the visibility of the development process of Government Accounting systems in Latin America, especially Brazil’s case. Based on analysis of the period between 2008 and 2018, it concludes that Law 4,320/1964 needs to be updated; the Brazilian Public Sector Technical Accounting Standards (NBC TSP) represent the IPSAS in Brazil (translated and adjusted to local reality); the implementation of the Full IPSAS was applied to all Brazilian federation entities (Central Government, 26 States, Federal District and 5,570 Municipalities); the Handbook of Accounting Applied to the Public Sector (MCASP) is the main IPSAS guide; and, finally, the greatest difficulties faced by public accountants and managers are the lack of public workers, technology and training. Among the 60 master’s dissertations carried out by the PPGCCs focusing on the area of public accounting, only 14% addressed topics related to public accounting.
{"title":"IPSAS: Which Stage Is the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting In?","authors":"Abimael de Jesus Barros Costa","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p66","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to contribute to the visibility of the development process of Government Accounting systems in Latin America, especially Brazil’s case. Based on analysis of the period between 2008 and 2018, it concludes that Law 4,320/1964 needs to be updated; the Brazilian Public Sector Technical Accounting Standards (NBC TSP) represent the IPSAS in Brazil (translated and adjusted to local reality); the implementation of the Full IPSAS was applied to all Brazilian federation entities (Central Government, 26 States, Federal District and 5,570 Municipalities); the Handbook of Accounting Applied to the Public Sector (MCASP) is the main IPSAS guide; and, finally, the greatest difficulties faced by public accountants and managers are the lack of public workers, technology and training. Among the 60 master’s dissertations carried out by the PPGCCs focusing on the area of public accounting, only 14% addressed topics related to public accounting.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73790262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Start-ups play one of the most significant roles in global economic development. The business environment or the business ecosystem is well-known in entrepreneurship. A start-up’s success level is positively correlated with the environment in which it operates. One of the supporting factors in the start-up ecosystems is corporations, which try to connect with start-up companies using corporate acceleration programs. Another one is a higher engagement of educational institutions within the start-up environment. The study is a comparative analysis of start-up ecosystems in Shenzhen and Hong Kong from a corporate initiative perspective. The study applied a triangulated approach, synergizing primary data from interviews with relevant start-up ecosystem stakeholders and secondary data to further examine and support the initial findings. The results identified and compared the development levels of the Hong Kong and Shenzhen start-up ecosystems and were sufficient to create recommendations and best practices for start-ups and corporates interested in the respective areas. The findings suggest that Shenzhen’s start-up ecosystem is more attractive for corporations than Hong Kong’s within the context of innovation, technology, and talent. Hong Kong will first maintain its role as a business hub and as an international asset management center and, secondly, promote the development of technologies and innovation to increase its global competitiveness. The Outline Plan positions Shenzhen as a leading innovation hub within the broader area aiming to increase the city’s level of internationalization.
{"title":"Sustainable Start-Up Ecosystems in Terms of Capital Investment and Other Business Opportunities for Corporate Involvement – A Comparative Analysis of Hong Kong and Shenzhen","authors":"Sandi Vrabec, Krištof Zorko, V. Bobek","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p75","url":null,"abstract":"Start-ups play one of the most significant roles in global economic development. The business environment or the business ecosystem is well-known in entrepreneurship. A start-up’s success level is positively correlated with the environment in which it operates. One of the supporting factors in the start-up ecosystems is corporations, which try to connect with start-up companies using corporate acceleration programs. Another one is a higher engagement of educational institutions within the start-up environment. The study is a comparative analysis of start-up ecosystems in Shenzhen and Hong Kong from a corporate initiative perspective. The study applied a triangulated approach, synergizing primary data from interviews with relevant start-up ecosystem stakeholders and secondary data to further examine and support the initial findings. The results identified and compared the development levels of the Hong Kong and Shenzhen start-up ecosystems and were sufficient to create recommendations and best practices for start-ups and corporates interested in the respective areas. The findings suggest that Shenzhen’s start-up ecosystem is more attractive for corporations than Hong Kong’s within the context of innovation, technology, and talent. Hong Kong will first maintain its role as a business hub and as an international asset management center and, secondly, promote the development of technologies and innovation to increase its global competitiveness. The Outline Plan positions Shenzhen as a leading innovation hub within the broader area aiming to increase the city’s level of internationalization.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76729694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of land financing in China’s rapid urbanization and economic development in recent decades has been much debated. This paper reviews and discusses the emergence and evolution of land financing both as a source of revenue and as a financing vehicle for local governments in China, and the contribution it makes to rapid urbanization in the country through its impact on the real estate sector. Urbanization as a possible independent driver for a country’s economic development is also discussed, using China’s case as a concrete example. The paper further touches on the possible reference value of the Chinese case to other countries, taking into account both the preconditions for a successful land financing strategy, and inherent risks with such a strategy. The contribution of land financing to local governments’ debt burden in China, which has recently been an international concern, is also discussed.
{"title":"Land Financing-Led Urbanization in China: Evolution, Scale and Lessons","authors":"Minquan Liu, Yuming Cui","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p54","url":null,"abstract":"The role of land financing in China’s rapid urbanization and economic development in recent decades has been much debated. This paper reviews and discusses the emergence and evolution of land financing both as a source of revenue and as a financing vehicle for local governments in China, and the contribution it makes to rapid urbanization in the country through its impact on the real estate sector. Urbanization as a possible independent driver for a country’s economic development is also discussed, using China’s case as a concrete example. The paper further touches on the possible reference value of the Chinese case to other countries, taking into account both the preconditions for a successful land financing strategy, and inherent risks with such a strategy. The contribution of land financing to local governments’ debt burden in China, which has recently been an international concern, is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80096638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the founder is no longer the CEO of the firm he controls, he can entrust the position either to a family member or to a professional non-family CEO. Our study examines how founder-controlled firms compensate family CEOs versus non-family CEOs. Using regression analyses on a sample of large Canadian firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (S&P/TSX) over a 7-year period (2002 to 2008), we find that the total compensation of family CEOs is lower than that of non-family CEOs, especially when the founder does not have excess voting rights. On the other hand, there is no difference in the incentive component of the compensation of family and non-family CEOs. Overall, our results tend to support the “optimal contracting” approach as opposed to the “rent extraction” approach in explaining founders’ behaviour in regard to CEO compensation when no excess-voting rights are involved.
{"title":"CEO Compensation in Founder-Controlled Firms: A Comparison Between Family CEOs and Non-Family CEOs","authors":"Y. Bozec, Jackie Di Vito","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p44","url":null,"abstract":"When the founder is no longer the CEO of the firm he controls, he can entrust the position either to a family member or to a professional non-family CEO. Our study examines how founder-controlled firms compensate family CEOs versus non-family CEOs. Using regression analyses on a sample of large Canadian firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (S&P/TSX) over a 7-year period (2002 to 2008), we find that the total compensation of family CEOs is lower than that of non-family CEOs, especially when the founder does not have excess voting rights. On the other hand, there is no difference in the incentive component of the compensation of family and non-family CEOs. Overall, our results tend to support the “optimal contracting” approach as opposed to the “rent extraction” approach in explaining founders’ behaviour in regard to CEO compensation when no excess-voting rights are involved.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82657393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financial inclusion is increasingly seen as a key enabler of various development objectives. While not explicitly one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), financial inclusion is recognized as an important enabler for them. The Philippine central bank—the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)—has even identified financial inclusion as a “national development agenda” that requires a conscious effort by various sectors to accelerate and enable its societal benefits. This paper studies the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion in the Philippines using data gathered from the 2019 Financial Inclusion Survey (FIS). We apply ownership of financial account and use of financial services as indicators of financial inclusion. Based on the results, financial literacy is a positive driver of financial inclusion. We calculated that a one-standard-deviation increase in financial literacy scores increased the likelihood of holding at least one account by 3.7 to 4.2 percentage points. On the other hand, a one-point increase in financial literacy scores improved the likelihood of availing of a financial service by 4.9 to 6.0 percentage points. The other drivers of owning at least one formal account and availing of financial services are age, gender, employment status, awareness of BSP’s programs, income above 40,000 PHP, and being the main household financial decision-maker. This paper aims to promote BSP’s agenda to bridge the financial inclusion gap and raise financial literacy levels in the country. With this study, the authors second BSP’s advocacy that financial inclusion is one of the instruments to attain sustainable and equitable development in the Philippines.
{"title":"Financial Inclusion and the Role of Financial Literacy in the Philippines","authors":"Jared Martin U. Desello, Mary Grace R. Agner","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p27","url":null,"abstract":"Financial inclusion is increasingly seen as a key enabler of various development objectives. While not explicitly one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), financial inclusion is recognized as an important enabler for them. The Philippine central bank—the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)—has even identified financial inclusion as a “national development agenda” that requires a conscious effort by various sectors to accelerate and enable its societal benefits. This paper studies the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion in the Philippines using data gathered from the 2019 Financial Inclusion Survey (FIS). We apply ownership of financial account and use of financial services as indicators of financial inclusion. Based on the results, financial literacy is a positive driver of financial inclusion. We calculated that a one-standard-deviation increase in financial literacy scores increased the likelihood of holding at least one account by 3.7 to 4.2 percentage points. On the other hand, a one-point increase in financial literacy scores improved the likelihood of availing of a financial service by 4.9 to 6.0 percentage points. The other drivers of owning at least one formal account and availing of financial services are age, gender, employment status, awareness of BSP’s programs, income above 40,000 PHP, and being the main household financial decision-maker. This paper aims to promote BSP’s agenda to bridge the financial inclusion gap and raise financial literacy levels in the country. With this study, the authors second BSP’s advocacy that financial inclusion is one of the instruments to attain sustainable and equitable development in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76360215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a report of the research on the effect of speculation on commodities and food since deregulation. Econometrics can be applied to show how speculation influences price and vice versa. However, there is no clear empirical picture. In this paper, we examine the reasons for the lack of empirical clarity and arrive at a critical discussion of the econometric research approach. As an alternative approach, we use scientific logic on the basis of statistical data and other verifiable facts as method of investigation. This method allows us to derive the influence of speculation on spot prices. We find a negative impact of speculation why regulation is necessary.
{"title":"Speculation in Food and Commodities - A Research Report: A Critical Discussion of the Econometric Research Method and an Alternative Analysis","authors":"C. Conrad","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n6p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a report of the research on the effect of speculation on commodities and food since deregulation. Econometrics can be applied to show how speculation influences price and vice versa. However, there is no clear empirical picture. In this paper, we examine the reasons for the lack of empirical clarity and arrive at a critical discussion of the econometric research approach. As an alternative approach, we use scientific logic on the basis of statistical data and other verifiable facts as method of investigation. This method allows us to derive the influence of speculation on spot prices. We find a negative impact of speculation why regulation is necessary.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76146662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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