Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02
A. Anisin
The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to have increased aggressive behavior and violence in the United States. This study tests whether political instability events propelled gun purchasing behavior through a temporally sensitive analysis based on data drawn from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) and monthly data from the FBI’s NICS National Instant Criminal Background Check System. It utilizes a multi-methodological framework featuring both regression modeling and qualitative comparative analysis. While results from statistical inquiry do not lend support to significant associations of any single variable on the outcome, the comparative configurational inquiry does identify three salient pathways that brought about background check increases during COVID-19. All three solutions feature the conditions of political instability and presidential election events. Alongside these factors, mass shooting occurrences are present in two of the identified solutions. These findings reveal that COVID-19 fostered a set of conditions and the formation of a “Perfect Storm” which resulted in the greatest number of annual gun purchases in recorded history.
{"title":"The Perfect Storm? Political Instability and Background Checks During COVID-19","authors":"A. Anisin","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to have increased aggressive behavior and violence in the United States. This study tests whether political instability events propelled gun purchasing behavior through a temporally sensitive analysis based on data drawn from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) and monthly data from the FBI’s NICS National Instant Criminal Background Check System. It utilizes a multi-methodological framework featuring both regression modeling and qualitative comparative analysis. While results from statistical inquiry do not lend support to significant associations of any single variable on the outcome, the comparative configurational inquiry does identify three salient pathways that brought about background check increases during COVID-19. All three solutions feature the conditions of political instability and presidential election events. Alongside these factors, mass shooting occurrences are present in two of the identified solutions. These findings reveal that COVID-19 fostered a set of conditions and the formation of a “Perfect Storm” which resulted in the greatest number of annual gun purchases in recorded history.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46321144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.01
Bryan Tzu Wei Luk
Recent studies suggest that the pandemic has impacted criminal activities and organized crime groups. This article provides a qualitative review of changes in crime rates, patterns, and activities of organized crime groups (specifically, Triads) in Hong Kong. Three specific types of organized crimes with high Triad involvement were selected: serious violent crimes, serious drug-related crimes, and smuggling. After analyzing both official and non-official sources, the results showed that despite the government's stringent control measures that significantly suppressed socio-economic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, the figures for these selected crimes rose tremendously. Triads' organized criminal activities became more frequent, dangerous, and aggressive, posing a severe threat to Hong Kong's law and order.
{"title":"When Crime Meets Pandemic: Organized Crimes and Triad Societies’ Activities during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong","authors":"Bryan Tzu Wei Luk","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies suggest that the pandemic has impacted criminal activities and organized crime groups. This article provides a qualitative review of changes in crime rates, patterns, and activities of organized crime groups (specifically, Triads) in Hong Kong. Three specific types of organized crimes with high Triad involvement were selected: serious violent crimes, serious drug-related crimes, and smuggling. After analyzing both official and non-official sources, the results showed that despite the government's stringent control measures that significantly suppressed socio-economic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, the figures for these selected crimes rose tremendously. Triads' organized criminal activities became more frequent, dangerous, and aggressive, posing a severe threat to Hong Kong's law and order.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18
Andrius Stasiukynas, Aušra Šukvietienė, Tadas Sudnickas
The article aims to explore the external and internal factors influencing the activities of NGOs, in Lithuania. A qualitative empirical study was conducted (10 expert surveys) on this issue, what are the factors that help and hinder the activities of NGOs in Lithuania. The study allowed us to identify groups of factors positively influencing the activities of NGOs: human skills; infrastructure, as well as the organisation's relationship with public authorities, the hindering factors were also identified: the application of contracting authority status to NGOs; "activities in the public interest" interpretation; peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. The most relevant groups of NGO activity problems and related legal acts were distinguished: application of the contracting authority status to NGOs (Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania); Interpretation of “activities in the public interest” (STI material. Peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. legislation); application of corporate income tax to non-profit organizations (Law on Corporate Income Tax of the Republic of Lithuania).
{"title":"Factors Influencing NGO Activities: Lithuanian Case Study","authors":"Andrius Stasiukynas, Aušra Šukvietienė, Tadas Sudnickas","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to explore the external and internal factors influencing the activities of NGOs, in Lithuania. A qualitative empirical study was conducted (10 expert surveys) on this issue, what are the factors that help and hinder the activities of NGOs in Lithuania. The study allowed us to identify groups of factors positively influencing the activities of NGOs: human skills; infrastructure, as well as the organisation's relationship with public authorities, the hindering factors were also identified: the application of contracting authority status to NGOs; \"activities in the public interest\" interpretation; peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. The most relevant groups of NGO activity problems and related legal acts were distinguished: application of the contracting authority status to NGOs (Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania); Interpretation of “activities in the public interest” (STI material. Peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. legislation); application of corporate income tax to non-profit organizations (Law on Corporate Income Tax of the Republic of Lithuania).","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17
C. Khamala
The International Criminal Court’s legal aid scheme pays court-appointed victims’ lawyers. Yet, whether ICC or domestic legal proceedings can provide better victim satisfaction goes beyond the question of whether external or internal legal representation is more effective in protecting victims’ rights. In circumstances where guilt is difficult to prove, as in the ICC’s Kenya cases, victims’ interests may be better satisfied by pursuing compensation from local courts. This paper therefore argues that post-election violence victims’ interests may be satisfied by legal aid to support domestic compensation claims. Although numerous victims participated in the Kenya cases, non-confirmation of charges against the former Police Commissioner, withdrawal of the Muthaura and Kenyatta case, and declining to conduct reparation hearings after vacating charges in the Ruto and Sang case, culminated in widespread victim dissatisfaction. The paper contrasts the victims’ plight in the Kenya cases with fortunes of victims who participated at the ICC with those of the CAVI Police Shooting case and COVAW Sexual and Gender Based Violence case which effectively proved more satisfying for some victims. The question is whether legal aid for victims’ representatives before domestic courts may enhance the effectiveness of local responses to atrocity crimes. Although the comparatively successful recent domestic suits illustrate advantages of pursuing constitutional-based compensation claims, as opposed to punitive-contingent reparations before the ICC, these test cases require upscaling. Notwithstanding the ‘Kenyan Trial Approach’s’ significant impact on ICC evolution, to vindicate victims’ rights, the Trust Fund for Victims may consider donating to Kenya’s Victim Protection Fund so as to supplement PEV victim compensation. Kenya’s Legal Aid Act requires reforms to support indigent victims, particularly those suffering abuse of power.
{"title":"Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court","authors":"C. Khamala","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17","url":null,"abstract":"The International Criminal Court’s legal aid scheme pays court-appointed victims’ lawyers. Yet, whether ICC or domestic legal proceedings can provide better victim satisfaction goes beyond the question of whether external or internal legal representation is more effective in protecting victims’ rights. In circumstances where guilt is difficult to prove, as in the ICC’s Kenya cases, victims’ interests may be better satisfied by pursuing compensation from local courts. This paper therefore argues that post-election violence victims’ interests may be satisfied by legal aid to support domestic compensation claims. Although numerous victims participated in the Kenya cases, non-confirmation of charges against the former Police Commissioner, withdrawal of the Muthaura and Kenyatta case, and declining to conduct reparation hearings after vacating charges in the Ruto and Sang case, culminated in widespread victim dissatisfaction. The paper contrasts the victims’ plight in the Kenya cases with fortunes of victims who participated at the ICC with those of the CAVI Police Shooting case and COVAW Sexual and Gender Based Violence case which effectively proved more satisfying for some victims. The question is whether legal aid for victims’ representatives before domestic courts may enhance the effectiveness of local responses to atrocity crimes. Although the comparatively successful recent domestic suits illustrate advantages of pursuing constitutional-based compensation claims, as opposed to punitive-contingent reparations before the ICC, these test cases require upscaling. Notwithstanding the ‘Kenyan Trial Approach’s’ significant impact on ICC evolution, to vindicate victims’ rights, the Trust Fund for Victims may consider donating to Kenya’s Victim Protection Fund so as to supplement PEV victim compensation. Kenya’s Legal Aid Act requires reforms to support indigent victims, particularly those suffering abuse of power.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.16
Algirdas Astrauskas, Kristina Čelkė, Kęstutis Vilkauskas
Purpose of the Study: This article presents the results of a scientific study (research) of the legal status of the mayor of the territorial (local) authority (municipality) of Lithuania during the period from 1990 to the present day. Methodology: The study (research) was conducted using comparative analysis, synthesis, descriptive, graphic representation methods. Result: The results obtained during the study (research) confirm (using the example of the case of Lithuania) that the change of the legal status of the mayor of the territorial (local) authority (municipality) is a permanent process that takes place for various reasons, one of the most important of which is the change of the principle models of the structure of the territorial (local) authorities (municipalities). Novelty of the Study: The novelty of this study (research) and article is that no such study (research) has been conducted in Lithuania so far.
{"title":"Legal Status of the Mayor of the Territorial (Local) Authority (Municipality) of Lithuania from 1990 to the Present Day","authors":"Algirdas Astrauskas, Kristina Čelkė, Kęstutis Vilkauskas","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the Study: This article presents the results of a scientific study (research) of the legal status of the mayor of the territorial (local) authority (municipality) of Lithuania during the period from 1990 to the present day. \u0000Methodology: The study (research) was conducted using comparative analysis, synthesis, descriptive, graphic representation methods. \u0000Result: The results obtained during the study (research) confirm (using the example of the case of Lithuania) that the change of the legal status of the mayor of the territorial (local) authority (municipality) is a permanent process that takes place for various reasons, one of the most important of which is the change of the principle models of the structure of the territorial (local) authorities (municipalities). \u0000Novelty of the Study: The novelty of this study (research) and article is that no such study (research) has been conducted in Lithuania so far.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45092441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15
J. O. Enyia, A. A. Achu, O. Duke, Cleverty Afu Njong, Tiku Oru Takim, J. T. Okpa
This study examines the recent security challenges Nigerians and non-Nigerians encounters in their daily existence to eke a living. These threats are orchestrated by the activities of one of the deadliest terrorist group in the world (Boko Haram), and herdsmen notorious killers, armed banditry, cow rustling by rustlers, incessant kidnapping especially students in schools and unsuspecting Nigerians and non-Nigerians alike; which has made Nigeria federating states unsafe for any meaningful socio-economic development to thrive. To achieve this, two objectives were stated to include, underscore the overarching relevance of intelligent gathering in preventing crime and understand the elaborateness of intelligence gathering that can be utilized to mitigate crimes outcomes. The study found that intelligence gathering is the disconnect that has precipitated this state of affairs in Nigeria. Equally responsible is the people’s loyalty which is first and foremost skewed to ethnoreligious and political considerations instead of the country. It was recommended among other appeals to include: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) of Nigeria which is the coordinating security agency should be properly funded and personnel trained in modern intelligence gathering techniques, the unnecessary bickering, in-fighting for superiority between and among security agencies in Nigeria should be discouraged because this itself is a big challenge in security equation of Nigeria; and serious effort should be made to stop the politicization of security intelligence gathering matters based on tribe, ethnic group, religious and political affiliations.
{"title":"Intelligence Gathering Imperative: A Tool for Successful Security Outfits’ Operation","authors":"J. O. Enyia, A. A. Achu, O. Duke, Cleverty Afu Njong, Tiku Oru Takim, J. T. Okpa","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the recent security challenges Nigerians and non-Nigerians encounters in their daily existence to eke a living. These threats are orchestrated by the activities of one of the deadliest terrorist group in the world (Boko Haram), and herdsmen notorious killers, armed banditry, cow rustling by rustlers, incessant kidnapping especially students in schools and unsuspecting Nigerians and non-Nigerians alike; which has made Nigeria federating states unsafe for any meaningful socio-economic development to thrive. To achieve this, two objectives were stated to include, underscore the overarching relevance of intelligent gathering in preventing crime and understand the elaborateness of intelligence gathering that can be utilized to mitigate crimes outcomes. The study found that intelligence gathering is the disconnect that has precipitated this state of affairs in Nigeria. Equally responsible is the people’s loyalty which is first and foremost skewed to ethnoreligious and political considerations instead of the country. It was recommended among other appeals to include: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) of Nigeria which is the coordinating security agency should be properly funded and personnel trained in modern intelligence gathering techniques, the unnecessary bickering, in-fighting for superiority between and among security agencies in Nigeria should be discouraged because this itself is a big challenge in security equation of Nigeria; and serious effort should be made to stop the politicization of security intelligence gathering matters based on tribe, ethnic group, religious and political affiliations.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.14
P. J. Verrecchia
Over the years there have been a number of paradigms and concomitant shifts in criminal justice. Each paradigm shift follows a general discontentment with the existing paradigm. This is crucial because with change comes a new operating system designed to, at the least, protect society. When the paradigm is not doing its job, crisis can ensue. Current attitudes towards the criminal justice system raise the question, are we in a moment of crisis? This article explores the history of shifts in the criminal justice system, where we are now, and were we might be going.
{"title":"Is the Time Right for a Paradigm Shift? Where we have been and where we Might be Going","authors":"P. J. Verrecchia","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.14","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years there have been a number of paradigms and concomitant shifts in criminal justice. Each paradigm shift follows a general discontentment with the existing paradigm. This is crucial because with change comes a new operating system designed to, at the least, protect society. When the paradigm is not doing its job, crisis can ensue. Current attitudes towards the criminal justice system raise the question, are we in a moment of crisis? This article explores the history of shifts in the criminal justice system, where we are now, and were we might be going.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13
B. Schaffer
The salience of justice-involved military veterans endures as a pervasive social problem in the United States of America (USA). Since the 1980’s the percentages of Justice-Involved Veterans (JIV) have varied from a reduction in Vietnam to increasing numbers of Global War on Terror (GWOT) veterans (Bureau of Justice Statistics Report, 2015). In response, there has been a proliferation of magistrate diversion, correctional specialty units, Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) and programming for JIV. Much of the progress is due to concerted identification and organizational sharing of resources. The USA Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), courts, corrections and non-profit organizations (NPO) provide a valuable service to our military men and women to remediate the JIV needs. Social work plays at critical in practice areas at the penal, VA and NPO systems in the USA. The JIV population are examined through the lens of social work practice, resource dependence theory (RDT), case example and future direction. The examination highlights the importance of internal and external resources and partnerships to meet organizational goals and to remediate JIV psycho-social problems.
{"title":"Justice-Involved Veterans & Social Work: A Resource Dependence Theory Perspective","authors":"B. Schaffer","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13","url":null,"abstract":"The salience of justice-involved military veterans endures as a pervasive social problem in the United States of America (USA). Since the 1980’s the percentages of Justice-Involved Veterans (JIV) have varied from a reduction in Vietnam to increasing numbers of Global War on Terror (GWOT) veterans (Bureau of Justice Statistics Report, 2015). In response, there has been a proliferation of magistrate diversion, correctional specialty units, Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) and programming for JIV. Much of the progress is due to concerted identification and organizational sharing of resources. The USA Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), courts, corrections and non-profit organizations (NPO) provide a valuable service to our military men and women to remediate the JIV needs. Social work plays at critical in practice areas at the penal, VA and NPO systems in the USA. The JIV population are examined through the lens of social work practice, resource dependence theory (RDT), case example and future direction. The examination highlights the importance of internal and external resources and partnerships to meet organizational goals and to remediate JIV psycho-social problems.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45327402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.12
Sriram Chintakrindi, Suditi Gupta
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) low self-control theory is linked to individual-level non-violent and violent criminal offending. In this study, we examine secondary-data collected from a transnational sample of survey respondents (n = 17404) to test a predictive model of low self-control on outcomes related to intimate partner violence for both perpetrators and victims. We control for several variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, substance use history, and deviance history when we test our model using logistic regression analysis. The results from our analysis indicates that a unidimensional measure of low self-control is a consistent and statistically significant predictor of outcomes related to intimate partner violence, even when control variables are entered into the model. These findings have strong policy implications for identifying risk-factors and interventions associated with intimate partner violence.
{"title":"Control Issues: Examining the Relationship between Low Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence for both Perpetrators and Victims","authors":"Sriram Chintakrindi, Suditi Gupta","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.12","url":null,"abstract":"Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) low self-control theory is linked to individual-level non-violent and violent criminal offending. In this study, we examine secondary-data collected from a transnational sample of survey respondents (n = 17404) to test a predictive model of low self-control on outcomes related to intimate partner violence for both perpetrators and victims. We control for several variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, substance use history, and deviance history when we test our model using logistic regression analysis. The results from our analysis indicates that a unidimensional measure of low self-control is a consistent and statistically significant predictor of outcomes related to intimate partner violence, even when control variables are entered into the model. These findings have strong policy implications for identifying risk-factors and interventions associated with intimate partner violence.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.11
K. Lamidi, Oluseyi Idowu Olaleye, B. A. Taleat
This paper contextualised the subject matter and its strategies by providing insights on the development, peace and conflict in the Nigerian environment; explicating the peace and conflict impact assessment; exposing the causal factors for communal conflict; and analysing the strategies across the main tribes in Nigeria with specific focus on Kaduna communities. It drew largely on secondary sources whose contents were explicitly analysed for this contextual discourse. It found out that there were internal mechanisms put in place towards engendering peace building across the major tribes in Nigeria. It enlisted obtainable peacebuilding strategies in Kaduna communities. It concluded that a remarkable feature of the peace building strategies is that it does not only aim at conflict resolution, but also ensures peaceful co-existence scenes and harmonious relationships between and among conflicting people or communities. However, the latter still remains challenging owing to a low human development index and civic orientations.
{"title":"Peacebuilding Strategies in Nigeria’s Ethnic Space: Specific Focus on Conflict-Spot in Kaduna Communities","authors":"K. Lamidi, Oluseyi Idowu Olaleye, B. A. Taleat","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contextualised the subject matter and its strategies by providing insights on the development, peace and conflict in the Nigerian environment; explicating the peace and conflict impact assessment; exposing the causal factors for communal conflict; and analysing the strategies across the main tribes in Nigeria with specific focus on Kaduna communities. It drew largely on secondary sources whose contents were explicitly analysed for this contextual discourse. It found out that there were internal mechanisms put in place towards engendering peace building across the major tribes in Nigeria. It enlisted obtainable peacebuilding strategies in Kaduna communities. It concluded that a remarkable feature of the peace building strategies is that it does not only aim at conflict resolution, but also ensures peaceful co-existence scenes and harmonious relationships between and among conflicting people or communities. However, the latter still remains challenging owing to a low human development index and civic orientations.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41943295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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