Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03
Vered Tamir, Irit Ein-Tal
Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are the largest ethnic unit to have arrived in Israel and, as such, have had a major impact on Israeli society in cultural, social and demographic terms. The manner in which the immigrants were absorbed in social institutions influenced the adaptation strategies they adopted, which changed over time. The research is aimed at examining the extent to which the immigrants have, according to their perception, adapted to the social frameworks, based on their experiences in connecting with the local population through the educational system and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The research is a qualitative one, in the framework of which interviews were conducted with 28 immigrants who had immigrated to Israel as children and adolescents. The immigrants developed adaptation strategies which changed as they transitioned from the educational system to the military framework, and subsequently settled into civilian life.
{"title":"The Role of Social Systems in Absorption of Immigrants in Israel","authors":"Vered Tamir, Irit Ein-Tal","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are the largest ethnic unit to have arrived in Israel and, as such, have had a major impact on Israeli society in cultural, social and demographic terms. The manner in which the immigrants were absorbed in social institutions influenced the adaptation strategies they adopted, which changed over time. \u0000The research is aimed at examining the extent to which the immigrants have, according to their perception, adapted to the social frameworks, based on their experiences in connecting with the local population through the educational system and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The research is a qualitative one, in the framework of which interviews were conducted with 28 immigrants who had immigrated to Israel as children and adolescents. \u0000The immigrants developed adaptation strategies which changed as they transitioned from the educational system to the military framework, and subsequently settled into civilian life.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"150 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02
S. Blair, Sha Luo
Previous studies of adolescent substance use have noted how adolescent substance use is influenced by both protective and risk factors. Additionally, researchers have also noted the gradual convergence of female and male substance use, resulting in similar substance use patterns across the two. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines the distinct effects of contextual factors upon the substance use by adolescent females and males. While both girls and boys do report similar patterns of substance use, the analyses demonstrate that peer, family, school, and work contexts affect females’ and males’ substance use in different manners. While peers readily affect drinking behaviors of each sex, peer influence yields significant associations with females’ vaping, but not males’. Among males, family contextual factors are associated with both vaping and marijuana use, while females’ vaping and marijuana use are more substantially affected by school and work contexts. The findings of this study, along with the implications thereof, are framed within the ecodevelopmental perspective.
{"title":"Disentangling the Contexts of Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Gender Differences","authors":"S. Blair, Sha Luo","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of adolescent substance use have noted how adolescent substance use is influenced by both protective and risk factors. Additionally, researchers have also noted the gradual convergence of female and male substance use, resulting in similar substance use patterns across the two. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines the distinct effects of contextual factors upon the substance use by adolescent females and males. While both girls and boys do report similar patterns of substance use, the analyses demonstrate that peer, family, school, and work contexts affect females’ and males’ substance use in different manners. While peers readily affect drinking behaviors of each sex, peer influence yields significant associations with females’ vaping, but not males’. Among males, family contextual factors are associated with both vaping and marijuana use, while females’ vaping and marijuana use are more substantially affected by school and work contexts. The findings of this study, along with the implications thereof, are framed within the ecodevelopmental perspective.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"90 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02
S. Blair, Sha Luo
Previous studies of adolescent substance use have noted how adolescent substance use is influenced by both protective and risk factors. Additionally, researchers have also noted the gradual convergence of female and male substance use, resulting in similar substance use patterns across the two. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines the distinct effects of contextual factors upon the substance use by adolescent females and males. While both girls and boys do report similar patterns of substance use, the analyses demonstrate that peer, family, school, and work contexts affect females’ and males’ substance use in different manners. While peers readily affect drinking behaviors of each sex, peer influence yields significant associations with females’ vaping, but not males’. Among males, family contextual factors are associated with both vaping and marijuana use, while females’ vaping and marijuana use are more substantially affected by school and work contexts. The findings of this study, along with the implications thereof, are framed within the ecodevelopmental perspective.
{"title":"Disentangling the Contexts of Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Gender Differences","authors":"S. Blair, Sha Luo","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of adolescent substance use have noted how adolescent substance use is influenced by both protective and risk factors. Additionally, researchers have also noted the gradual convergence of female and male substance use, resulting in similar substance use patterns across the two. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines the distinct effects of contextual factors upon the substance use by adolescent females and males. While both girls and boys do report similar patterns of substance use, the analyses demonstrate that peer, family, school, and work contexts affect females’ and males’ substance use in different manners. While peers readily affect drinking behaviors of each sex, peer influence yields significant associations with females’ vaping, but not males’. Among males, family contextual factors are associated with both vaping and marijuana use, while females’ vaping and marijuana use are more substantially affected by school and work contexts. The findings of this study, along with the implications thereof, are framed within the ecodevelopmental perspective.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03
Vered Tamir, Irit Ein-Tal
Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are the largest ethnic unit to have arrived in Israel and, as such, have had a major impact on Israeli society in cultural, social and demographic terms. The manner in which the immigrants were absorbed in social institutions influenced the adaptation strategies they adopted, which changed over time. The research is aimed at examining the extent to which the immigrants have, according to their perception, adapted to the social frameworks, based on their experiences in connecting with the local population through the educational system and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The research is a qualitative one, in the framework of which interviews were conducted with 28 immigrants who had immigrated to Israel as children and adolescents. The immigrants developed adaptation strategies which changed as they transitioned from the educational system to the military framework, and subsequently settled into civilian life.
{"title":"The Role of Social Systems in Absorption of Immigrants in Israel","authors":"Vered Tamir, Irit Ein-Tal","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2024.13.03","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are the largest ethnic unit to have arrived in Israel and, as such, have had a major impact on Israeli society in cultural, social and demographic terms. The manner in which the immigrants were absorbed in social institutions influenced the adaptation strategies they adopted, which changed over time. \u0000The research is aimed at examining the extent to which the immigrants have, according to their perception, adapted to the social frameworks, based on their experiences in connecting with the local population through the educational system and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The research is a qualitative one, in the framework of which interviews were conducted with 28 immigrants who had immigrated to Israel as children and adolescents. \u0000The immigrants developed adaptation strategies which changed as they transitioned from the educational system to the military framework, and subsequently settled into civilian life.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"45 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.18
Chima Agazue
For decades, Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) have featured as places where sex is used to determine who gets decent marks and who gets the opposite in what is popularly known as “sex-for-marks” in the country. It is common knowledge to Nigerians that many female students have been prevented from passing their coursework or completing their programmes of study for refusing to engage in sexual activities with their lecturers when demanded. Many male lecturers, including professors, have been dismissed, suspended, put on probation, or prosecuted for sexually harassing or exploiting female students. Available evidence suggests that this phenomenon cuts across both public and private institutions across the country although it is more common in public institutions. This current study explored this phenomenon. The qualitative approach was adopted. Both primary and secondary data were utilised. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews of 22 female graduates and undergraduates of 11 HEIs. Secondary data came from 8 media outlets. The data were thematically analysed. Nine themes were developed from the data, which denoted the primary factors contributing to this menace, and these are (i) project supervision, (ii) being unique, (iii) being a fresher, (iv) tuition fee debt, (v) failed assessment, (vi) exam malpractice, (vii) missed submission deadline, (viii) failing to purchase handout, and (ix) sexual obsession. These themes were analysed in depth and supported with excerpts containing the original words of the victims while pseudonyms or fictitious names were used to replace the real names of the participants. Recommendations were made on how the authorities of HEIs can effectively address this social problem.
{"title":"“Four of my Lecturers Including my HOD Took Sexual Interest in Me”: Factors Facilitating Sexual Harassment and Exploitation in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions","authors":"Chima Agazue","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.18","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) have featured as places where sex is used to determine who gets decent marks and who gets the opposite in what is popularly known as “sex-for-marks” in the country. It is common knowledge to Nigerians that many female students have been prevented from passing their coursework or completing their programmes of study for refusing to engage in sexual activities with their lecturers when demanded. Many male lecturers, including professors, have been dismissed, suspended, put on probation, or prosecuted for sexually harassing or exploiting female students. Available evidence suggests that this phenomenon cuts across both public and private institutions across the country although it is more common in public institutions. This current study explored this phenomenon. The qualitative approach was adopted. Both primary and secondary data were utilised. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews of 22 female graduates and undergraduates of 11 HEIs. Secondary data came from 8 media outlets. The data were thematically analysed. Nine themes were developed from the data, which denoted the primary factors contributing to this menace, and these are (i) project supervision, (ii) being unique, (iii) being a fresher, (iv) tuition fee debt, (v) failed assessment, (vi) exam malpractice, (vii) missed submission deadline, (viii) failing to purchase handout, and (ix) sexual obsession. These themes were analysed in depth and supported with excerpts containing the original words of the victims while pseudonyms or fictitious names were used to replace the real names of the participants. Recommendations were made on how the authorities of HEIs can effectively address this social problem.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.17
Algirdas Astrauskas, Kristina Čelkė
The purpose of the article is to present some of the results of a research using a questionnaire survey method conducted in February 2023, which aimed to reveal the peculiarities of the legal status and roles (dominant and others) of mayors of Lithuanian municipalities and find out what necessary competences (abilities) municipal mayors must have and in what forms they must be developed, in the presence of two different municipal governance models (the model that was applied until April 2023 and the model that is applied from April 2023). The idea to conduct such research arose just a few months before the new Local Government Law (in its revised version) entered into force in June 2022, which introduced a new municipal governance model and changed the dominant role of the mayor in the municipality. This research also took place a few weeks before the regular municipal council and mayor elections (which took place on March 5, 2023). The particular target group was chosen for this research - the mayors of Lithuanian municipalities who had served in these positions for four or more terms (referred to as "experienced" mayors during the research). No similar research (in terms of purpose and respondents) has been conducted in Lithuania. The results of the research showed that "experienced" mayors have a good understanding of the specifics of the new municipal governance model to be applied from April 2023. They are essentially prepared to take on a new dominant role (the role of municipal executive institution), replacing the previous dominant role (the role of chairman of the municipal council). The results of the research also showed that "experienced" mayors understand well what necessary competencies (abilities) municipal mayors must have, as municipal governance model and the dominant role of the municipal mayor change in it. The results of the research can be useful for improving the legal regulation of the powers of municipal institutions (municipal council and municipal mayor) and the legal framework for their relationships as well as for organizing the the improvement of the competencies of municipal mayors.
{"title":"Peculiarities of the Legal Status of the Mayors of Lithuanian Municipalities and the Competencies (Abilities) Necessary for them in the Context of the Change of the Municipal Governance Model in 2023","authors":"Algirdas Astrauskas, Kristina Čelkė","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.17","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to present some of the results of a research using a questionnaire survey method conducted in February 2023, which aimed to reveal the peculiarities of the legal status and roles (dominant and others) of mayors of Lithuanian municipalities and find out what necessary competences (abilities) municipal mayors must have and in what forms they must be developed, in the presence of two different municipal governance models (the model that was applied until April 2023 and the model that is applied from April 2023). The idea to conduct such research arose just a few months before the new Local Government Law (in its revised version) entered into force in June 2022, which introduced a new municipal governance model and changed the dominant role of the mayor in the municipality. This research also took place a few weeks before the regular municipal council and mayor elections (which took place on March 5, 2023). The particular target group was chosen for this research - the mayors of Lithuanian municipalities who had served in these positions for four or more terms (referred to as \"experienced\" mayors during the research). No similar research (in terms of purpose and respondents) has been conducted in Lithuania. The results of the research showed that \"experienced\" mayors have a good understanding of the specifics of the new municipal governance model to be applied from April 2023. They are essentially prepared to take on a new dominant role (the role of municipal executive institution), replacing the previous dominant role (the role of chairman of the municipal council). The results of the research also showed that \"experienced\" mayors understand well what necessary competencies (abilities) municipal mayors must have, as municipal governance model and the dominant role of the municipal mayor change in it. The results of the research can be useful for improving the legal regulation of the powers of municipal institutions (municipal council and municipal mayor) and the legal framework for their relationships as well as for organizing the the improvement of the competencies of municipal mayors.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"29 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.16
Suat Cubukcu, Emirhan Darcan, Gokhan Aksu
The United States has witnessed a significant upsurge in homicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCHS, 2021). While multiple theories attempt to account for this increase, our study examines the impact of changes in human mobility resulting from stay-at-home and social distancing measures on variations in homicide incidents. We conducted a fixed-effects Poisson regression analysis using panel data that encompasses the day of the week and week collected from Chicago between February 2020 and July 2021. Our findings indicate that the increased time spent in residential settings due to stay-at-home orders is not a significant factor in explaining the rise in homicide numbers. Instead, our study suggests that the pandemic as a whole and its influence on individual strains provide a more plausible explanation for the increase in homicide incidence.
{"title":"Residential Time Spent and Homicide during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Suat Cubukcu, Emirhan Darcan, Gokhan Aksu","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.16","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has witnessed a significant upsurge in homicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCHS, 2021). While multiple theories attempt to account for this increase, our study examines the impact of changes in human mobility resulting from stay-at-home and social distancing measures on variations in homicide incidents. We conducted a fixed-effects Poisson regression analysis using panel data that encompasses the day of the week and week collected from Chicago between February 2020 and July 2021. Our findings indicate that the increased time spent in residential settings due to stay-at-home orders is not a significant factor in explaining the rise in homicide numbers. Instead, our study suggests that the pandemic as a whole and its influence on individual strains provide a more plausible explanation for the increase in homicide incidence.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.15
Maya Hart, Mary S. Jackson
Black women in America have historically been victims of oppression, racism, and sexual assault. This victimization can be traced as far back as the forced immigration to America in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Forced travel bondage on slave ships highlights the institutionalized pattern, not only of their suffering from repeated rape, but also logs their victimized sufferings in silence that they had to endure then and continue to endure in 21st century contemporary America. Black women have been socialized intergenerationally to respond in a specific manner similar to the female slaves who endured rape from ship crew members during their long voyage to the Americas. Even after slavery was legally abolished in 1865, Black women continued to endure victimizations not only due to their gender, but also due to discrimination, classism, perceptions regarding their sexuality, racism, and fear. These intersectional factors cause Black women to have become unique experiences at the hands of rapists. Thus, Black women have unique experiences as victims of rape than other individuals who are also rape victims. Any discussion of Black women and rape must be placed in a sociohistorical framework. The purpose of this article is to revisit historical underpinnings about the rape of Black women in a socialized manner that continues to hinder a silent, nonactive role, and in some instances denial of being a victim of rape. The aim is to sensitize, stimulate, and motivate action by increasing social work classroom discussions about the topic, increasing research in the area of rape of Black women utilizing an intersectional approach reviewing factors that are unique to Black women, and providing more information as a resource to enhance community awareness. Effective intervention strategies are also delineated.
{"title":"Black Women Reporting and Seeking Help for Sexual Assault: A Call for Action","authors":"Maya Hart, Mary S. Jackson","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"Black women in America have historically been victims of oppression, racism, and sexual assault. This victimization can be traced as far back as the forced immigration to America in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Forced travel bondage on slave ships highlights the institutionalized pattern, not only of their suffering from repeated rape, but also logs their victimized sufferings in silence that they had to endure then and continue to endure in 21st century contemporary America. Black women have been socialized intergenerationally to respond in a specific manner similar to the female slaves who endured rape from ship crew members during their long voyage to the Americas. Even after slavery was legally abolished in 1865, Black women continued to endure victimizations not only due to their gender, but also due to discrimination, classism, perceptions regarding their sexuality, racism, and fear. These intersectional factors cause Black women to have become unique experiences at the hands of rapists. Thus, Black women have unique experiences as victims of rape than other individuals who are also rape victims. Any discussion of Black women and rape must be placed in a sociohistorical framework. The purpose of this article is to revisit historical underpinnings about the rape of Black women in a socialized manner that continues to hinder a silent, nonactive role, and in some instances denial of being a victim of rape. The aim is to sensitize, stimulate, and motivate action by increasing social work classroom discussions about the topic, increasing research in the area of rape of Black women utilizing an intersectional approach reviewing factors that are unique to Black women, and providing more information as a resource to enhance community awareness. Effective intervention strategies are also delineated.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"28 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.14
Shafi Md Mostofa, Howard Brasted
This paper discusses the impact of Covid-19 on Islamist narratives of end time scenarios that predict the annihilation of a corrupted world and its ultimate replacement by a world order based exclusively on Islam. It does this against the backdrop of Islam’s antagonistic relationship with the West, particularly from the ending of the Cold War in the early 1990s to the present day, a relationship conducted within the shadow of the US’s attempts to establish a new world order based exclusively on its own values and interests. In the light of the contrary predictions of Francis Fukuyama that the resulting Pax Americana will bring a century of peace and S. P. Huntington a century of conflict, the paper goes on to examine the vastly different world views of the United States on the one hand and Al Qaeda and Islamic State on the other and how they envisage the future unfolding. What the paper shows is that the advent of Covid-19 has served not only to convince traditional Islamic Scholars that Al Mahama, the great battle at the end of time, is well on the way and may even have started, but also to make Muslims in the streets more receptive to such a doomsday message.
本文讨论了Covid-19对伊斯兰主义末世情景叙事的影响，这些叙事预测一个腐败的世界将被毁灭，并最终被一个完全基于伊斯兰教的世界秩序所取代。这是在伊斯兰教与西方的敌对关系的背景下进行的，特别是从20世纪90年代初冷战结束到现在，这种关系是在美国试图建立一个完全基于自己的价值观和利益的世界新秩序的阴影下进行的。弗朗西斯·福山(Francis Fukuyama)认为，由此产生的“美国治下的和平”(Pax Americana)将带来一个世纪的和平，而亨廷顿(S. P. Huntington)将带来一个世纪的冲突，有鉴于此，本文继续研究了美国与基地组织(Al Qaeda)和伊斯兰国(Islamic State)之间截然不同的世界观，以及他们如何设想未来的发展。这篇论文表明，新冠肺炎的出现不仅使传统的伊斯兰学者相信，末日的伟大战斗Al Mahama正在进行中，甚至可能已经开始，而且还使街头的穆斯林更容易接受这种世界末日的信息。
{"title":"Covid-19 and the Clash of Narratives: From Cold War to End of Time (1989-2023)","authors":"Shafi Md Mostofa, Howard Brasted","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the impact of Covid-19 on Islamist narratives of end time scenarios that predict the annihilation of a corrupted world and its ultimate replacement by a world order based exclusively on Islam. It does this against the backdrop of Islam’s antagonistic relationship with the West, particularly from the ending of the Cold War in the early 1990s to the present day, a relationship conducted within the shadow of the US’s attempts to establish a new world order based exclusively on its own values and interests. In the light of the contrary predictions of Francis Fukuyama that the resulting Pax Americana will bring a century of peace and S. P. Huntington a century of conflict, the paper goes on to examine the vastly different world views of the United States on the one hand and Al Qaeda and Islamic State on the other and how they envisage the future unfolding. What the paper shows is that the advent of Covid-19 has served not only to convince traditional Islamic Scholars that Al Mahama, the great battle at the end of time, is well on the way and may even have started, but also to make Muslims in the streets more receptive to such a doomsday message.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"20 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.13
Lisa A. Eargle, Jessica L. Burke, Jessica M. Doucet
Purpose: Violence among college students is an important area of research as this group is at an increased risk of both engaging in and being a victim of violence. As such, the current research aimed to examine factors that may influence violent tendencies among a sample of college students.
Method: Data from 101 completed surveys were analyzed. Principal components factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha resulted in the creation of six independent variables (gun experience, weapons support, anger contagion, witness violence, violent community, and aggressive beliefs) and four dependent variables (competition for resources, social attacks, physical attacks, and unfair situations). OLS regression was used to estimate the impact of each variable on perceptions of reacting with violence to four negative situations.
Results: Gun experience and violent community significantly predicted responding violently to both social and physical attacks, while gun support was only predictive of violence in competition for resources. Additionally, aggressive beliefs predicted perceptions of violent responses to physical attacks and in unfair situations. Finally, anger contagion was associated with students reporting an increased likelihood of responding violently to social attacks.
Conclusions: While research shows the importance of understanding violence exposure and aggressive norms in creating and improving violence prevention programs and anti-violence strategies, the role that perceptions play is largely absent. Furthermore, this research supports the importance of implementing these programs and strategies among college students/young adults to potentially reduce violence and aggression within this age group.
{"title":"Provoking Punches: Factors Influencing Perceived Violent Reactions to Negative Situations","authors":"Lisa A. Eargle, Jessica L. Burke, Jessica M. Doucet","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Violence among college students is an important area of research as this group is at an increased risk of both engaging in and being a victim of violence. As such, the current research aimed to examine factors that may influence violent tendencies among a sample of college students.
 Method: Data from 101 completed surveys were analyzed. Principal components factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha resulted in the creation of six independent variables (gun experience, weapons support, anger contagion, witness violence, violent community, and aggressive beliefs) and four dependent variables (competition for resources, social attacks, physical attacks, and unfair situations). OLS regression was used to estimate the impact of each variable on perceptions of reacting with violence to four negative situations.
 Results: Gun experience and violent community significantly predicted responding violently to both social and physical attacks, while gun support was only predictive of violence in competition for resources. Additionally, aggressive beliefs predicted perceptions of violent responses to physical attacks and in unfair situations. Finally, anger contagion was associated with students reporting an increased likelihood of responding violently to social attacks.
 Conclusions: While research shows the importance of understanding violence exposure and aggressive norms in creating and improving violence prevention programs and anti-violence strategies, the role that perceptions play is largely absent. Furthermore, this research supports the importance of implementing these programs and strategies among college students/young adults to potentially reduce violence and aggression within this age group.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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