Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211073453
Xiaogang Wu, Maocan Guo
This article examines the trends and patterns of returns to college education in Hong Kong in the context of educational expansion. Using the data from nine waves of population censuses/by-censuses from 1976 to 2016, we employ age–period–cohort models to investigate the trends in college wage premium in Hong Kong. The descriptive statistics show that, for those aged 22–26, college wage premium declined over time. In addition, there are substantial variations in college wage premiums among different birth cohorts, which cannot be explained by age and period main effects. More specifically, college wage premiums declined almost monotonically for those born after 1950, and two younger birth cohorts (1975–1979 and 1980–1984) experienced cumulative disadvantage in terms of the college premium over the life course. We discuss social and political ramifications of these findings.
{"title":"Higher education expansion and the changing college wage premium in Hong Kong, 1976–2016","authors":"Xiaogang Wu, Maocan Guo","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211073453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211073453","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the trends and patterns of returns to college education in Hong Kong in the context of educational expansion. Using the data from nine waves of population censuses/by-censuses from 1976 to 2016, we employ age–period–cohort models to investigate the trends in college wage premium in Hong Kong. The descriptive statistics show that, for those aged 22–26, college wage premium declined over time. In addition, there are substantial variations in college wage premiums among different birth cohorts, which cannot be explained by age and period main effects. More specifically, college wage premiums declined almost monotonically for those born after 1950, and two younger birth cohorts (1975–1979 and 1980–1984) experienced cumulative disadvantage in terms of the college premium over the life course. We discuss social and political ramifications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"8 1","pages":"3 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44663318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211070961
Sini. Wang, Yujing Jia, Geng Tian
Bridewealth is both a monetary as well as a cultural component of Chinese marriage. Existing research employs two major frames to examine this phenomenon: marriage market theory and gift flow theory. However, neither of them ably facilitates the study of bridewealth as a social process, namely, the negotiations that take place between senior family members representing the engaged parties to decide the appropriate monetary value of the bridewealth. This article focuses on how the negotiations are initiated and progress until both families settle on a “decent” bridewealth amount. The ultimate ethical code in relation to marriage-making lies not so much in the mutual understanding of the two families as in their strategies to follow the moral sanctions of the dahang while negotiating a price that deviates from it. The necessity of adhering to the dahang and the strategic efforts to morally legitimize a price that fluctuates from it are central to theorizing the normative embeddedness of bridewealth in the moral fabric of the community.
{"title":"Pricing the bridewealth: On moral embedding in the mechanism of rural betrothal gifts negotiation—case analysis based on L County, Gansu Province","authors":"Sini. Wang, Yujing Jia, Geng Tian","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211070961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211070961","url":null,"abstract":"Bridewealth is both a monetary as well as a cultural component of Chinese marriage. Existing research employs two major frames to examine this phenomenon: marriage market theory and gift flow theory. However, neither of them ably facilitates the study of bridewealth as a social process, namely, the negotiations that take place between senior family members representing the engaged parties to decide the appropriate monetary value of the bridewealth. This article focuses on how the negotiations are initiated and progress until both families settle on a “decent” bridewealth amount. The ultimate ethical code in relation to marriage-making lies not so much in the mutual understanding of the two families as in their strategies to follow the moral sanctions of the dahang while negotiating a price that deviates from it. The necessity of adhering to the dahang and the strategic efforts to morally legitimize a price that fluctuates from it are central to theorizing the normative embeddedness of bridewealth in the moral fabric of the community.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"8 1","pages":"104 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211072961
Lemeng Liang, Yongai Jin, Jie Zhou, Yunping Xie
Previous studies have provided various explanations for people's attitudes toward foreign countries, but we still know very little about causal mechanisms of attitude formation. In this study, we propose that stereotypes play an important role in affecting individuals’ attitudes toward foreign countries. Drawing on survey data collected in 2019 and 2020 in China, we apply the stereotype content model to analyze Chinese people's attitudes toward five countries: the United States, Japan, India, Tanzania, and China itself. Our analyses show that: (a) Chinese respondents stereotype the five countries differently along two dimensions—warmth and competence—with the extremely high evaluations of China itself, indicating in-group favoritism; (b) warmth–competence combinations are closely linked with four emotions—admiration, envy, pity, and contempt—but are also affected by historical and cultural contexts; (c) stereotype contents can predict favorable attitudes toward foreign countries, with warmth stereotypes being more predictive than competence stereotypes; emotions can also predict favorability; and (d) stereotypes of countries are similar to stereotypes of persons from those countries, as is the case for emotions and attitudes.
{"title":"Stereotype contents, emotions, and public attitudes: How do Chinese people stereotype nations and national groups?","authors":"Lemeng Liang, Yongai Jin, Jie Zhou, Yunping Xie","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211072961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211072961","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have provided various explanations for people's attitudes toward foreign countries, but we still know very little about causal mechanisms of attitude formation. In this study, we propose that stereotypes play an important role in affecting individuals’ attitudes toward foreign countries. Drawing on survey data collected in 2019 and 2020 in China, we apply the stereotype content model to analyze Chinese people's attitudes toward five countries: the United States, Japan, India, Tanzania, and China itself. Our analyses show that: (a) Chinese respondents stereotype the five countries differently along two dimensions—warmth and competence—with the extremely high evaluations of China itself, indicating in-group favoritism; (b) warmth–competence combinations are closely linked with four emotions—admiration, envy, pity, and contempt—but are also affected by historical and cultural contexts; (c) stereotype contents can predict favorable attitudes toward foreign countries, with warmth stereotypes being more predictive than competence stereotypes; emotions can also predict favorability; and (d) stereotypes of countries are similar to stereotypes of persons from those countries, as is the case for emotions and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"8 1","pages":"52 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211067297
Li Hao
Family culture is deeply rooted in the transformation and development of Chinese society and has a profound influence on individual behavior and family decision-making. This paper examines the impact of the family culture of China on marriage stability. By using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this paper shows that family culture is significantly positively associated with marriage stability. The estimation of the instrumental variable—the number of memorial archways (paifang) per 100,000 persons in each province—and a series of robustness checks all support the major results. It is also found that the positive impact of family culture on marriage stability is mainly seen for people with weaker perceived importance of family well-being, for those with lower levels of education, and for individuals living in a small family. Finally, the positive effect of family culture on marriage stability is primarily observed in older generations, specifically those born before 1969.
{"title":"The power of family: The impact of family culture on marriage stability in China","authors":"Li Hao","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211067297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211067297","url":null,"abstract":"Family culture is deeply rooted in the transformation and development of Chinese society and has a profound influence on individual behavior and family decision-making. This paper examines the impact of the family culture of China on marriage stability. By using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this paper shows that family culture is significantly positively associated with marriage stability. The estimation of the instrumental variable—the number of memorial archways (paifang) per 100,000 persons in each province—and a series of robustness checks all support the major results. It is also found that the positive impact of family culture on marriage stability is mainly seen for people with weaker perceived importance of family well-being, for those with lower levels of education, and for individuals living in a small family. Finally, the positive effect of family culture on marriage stability is primarily observed in older generations, specifically those born before 1969.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"8 1","pages":"79 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45011385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211068543
T. Chan
I use household panel data to study the dynamics of relative poverty in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Compared to the three Western countries, not only is relative poverty more common in China, it is also deeper and more severe. Transient poverty accounts for less than half of the total poverty in Germany or the US, but about two-thirds of that in China or the UK. Over three waves, 87% of Germans, 78% of Britons, 71% of Americans, but only 46% of Chinese were never poor. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the determinants of poverty are found to be very similar across the four countries. But the variance explained by that model is much smaller for China than for the three Western countries. The findings of this paper also challenge some existing understanding of poverty dynamics in general.
{"title":"The dynamics of relative poverty in China in a comparative perspective","authors":"T. Chan","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211068543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211068543","url":null,"abstract":"I use household panel data to study the dynamics of relative poverty in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Compared to the three Western countries, not only is relative poverty more common in China, it is also deeper and more severe. Transient poverty accounts for less than half of the total poverty in Germany or the US, but about two-thirds of that in China or the UK. Over three waves, 87% of Germans, 78% of Britons, 71% of Americans, but only 46% of Chinese were never poor. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the determinants of poverty are found to be very similar across the four countries. But the variance explained by that model is much smaller for China than for the three Western countries. The findings of this paper also challenge some existing understanding of poverty dynamics in general.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"8 1","pages":"29 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45440111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211045746
Yang Zhou
Subjective social status is an individual's perception of his/her position in the social stratum, and it shapes social inequality in a perceived way. By using the China Family Panel Studies and employing growth curve modeling strategies, this article examines the subjective social status trajectories of Chinese people between 2010 and 2018 and how these trajectories are shaped by objective social status. The empirical findings show that the distribution of subjective social status in each wave (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) presents a middle-class identification, which means that the majority of people tend to position their subjective social status at the middle level, while the overall trend in average subjective social status has increased over time. The results of trajectory analysis show that different objective socioeconomic status indicators have different effects on the baseline value and rate of growth in subjective social status, which suggests that the trajectories of subjective social status are influenced by multiple determinants in China. While education, income and political capital reduce the gaps between the classes in subjective social status over time, wealth and employment status enlarge these gaps and thus enhance subjective social inequality. This article highlights the gradient effect that wealth has on the dynamics of subjective social status and helps us to better understand subjective social stratification in contemporary China.
{"title":"The trajectory of subjective social status and its multiple determinants in contemporary China","authors":"Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211045746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211045746","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective social status is an individual's perception of his/her position in the social stratum, and it shapes social inequality in a perceived way. By using the China Family Panel Studies and employing growth curve modeling strategies, this article examines the subjective social status trajectories of Chinese people between 2010 and 2018 and how these trajectories are shaped by objective social status. The empirical findings show that the distribution of subjective social status in each wave (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) presents a middle-class identification, which means that the majority of people tend to position their subjective social status at the middle level, while the overall trend in average subjective social status has increased over time. The results of trajectory analysis show that different objective socioeconomic status indicators have different effects on the baseline value and rate of growth in subjective social status, which suggests that the trajectories of subjective social status are influenced by multiple determinants in China. While education, income and political capital reduce the gaps between the classes in subjective social status over time, wealth and employment status enlarge these gaps and thus enhance subjective social inequality. This article highlights the gradient effect that wealth has on the dynamics of subjective social status and helps us to better understand subjective social stratification in contemporary China.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"7 1","pages":"557 - 574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43246269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211042687
Chunni Zhang, Yunfeng Lu, He Sheng
Folk religion, as the basis of the religious landscape in traditional China, is a highly syncretic system which includes elements from Buddhism, Daoism, and other traditional religious beliefs. Due to the shortcomings of denomination-based measurement, most previous social surveys have documented a very low percentage of folk religion adherents in China, and found almost no overlapping among religious beliefs. This study offers a quantitative portrait of the popularity, the diffuseness, and the diversity of Chinese folk religion. With the improved instruments in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, we first observe that nearly 50% of respondents claim to have multiple (two or even more than three) religious beliefs and the believers of folk religion account for about 70% of the population. By using latent class analysis, this article explores the pattern of inter-belief mixing and identifies four typical classes of religious believers: “non-believers and single-belief believers”, “believers of geomancy”, “believers of diffused Buddhism and Daoism”, and “believers embracing all beliefs”. Finally, we find that the degree of commitment varies across these religious classes. Believers of folk religion are found to be less committed than believers of Western institutional religions, but as committed as believers of Eastern institutional religions.
{"title":"Exploring Chinese folk religion: Popularity, diffuseness, and diversities","authors":"Chunni Zhang, Yunfeng Lu, He Sheng","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211042687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211042687","url":null,"abstract":"Folk religion, as the basis of the religious landscape in traditional China, is a highly syncretic system which includes elements from Buddhism, Daoism, and other traditional religious beliefs. Due to the shortcomings of denomination-based measurement, most previous social surveys have documented a very low percentage of folk religion adherents in China, and found almost no overlapping among religious beliefs. This study offers a quantitative portrait of the popularity, the diffuseness, and the diversity of Chinese folk religion. With the improved instruments in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, we first observe that nearly 50% of respondents claim to have multiple (two or even more than three) religious beliefs and the believers of folk religion account for about 70% of the population. By using latent class analysis, this article explores the pattern of inter-belief mixing and identifies four typical classes of religious believers: “non-believers and single-belief believers”, “believers of geomancy”, “believers of diffused Buddhism and Daoism”, and “believers embracing all beliefs”. Finally, we find that the degree of commitment varies across these religious classes. Believers of folk religion are found to be less committed than believers of Western institutional religions, but as committed as believers of Eastern institutional religions.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"7 1","pages":"575 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46332146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211045484
Jiashu Xu, Airan Liu
An individual's happiness is closely related to their family life as the family is the institution in which they spend most of their life. Capitalizing on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the relationship between family economic standing (measured by household income and homeownership) and family processes (measured by marital status and childlessness), as well as children's characteristics (measured by gender composition of children and adult children's educational attainment and marital status), and happiness of Chinese adults. We take a life-course perspective and examine how such relationships vary across different life stages. We find that factors like household income and homeownership are positively related to happiness for people in general; that married adults are happier than those who are unmarried; childlessness results in decreased individual happiness in old age; adult children's educational attainment, measured by college degree (three-year and four-year) and above, improves parents’ happiness; while children's unmarried status makes parents less happy. These significant relationships also change across the life span.
{"title":"Family life and Chinese adults’ happiness across the life span","authors":"Jiashu Xu, Airan Liu","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211045484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211045484","url":null,"abstract":"An individual's happiness is closely related to their family life as the family is the institution in which they spend most of their life. Capitalizing on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the relationship between family economic standing (measured by household income and homeownership) and family processes (measured by marital status and childlessness), as well as children's characteristics (measured by gender composition of children and adult children's educational attainment and marital status), and happiness of Chinese adults. We take a life-course perspective and examine how such relationships vary across different life stages. We find that factors like household income and homeownership are positively related to happiness for people in general; that married adults are happier than those who are unmarried; childlessness results in decreased individual happiness in old age; adult children's educational attainment, measured by college degree (three-year and four-year) and above, improves parents’ happiness; while children's unmarried status makes parents less happy. These significant relationships also change across the life span.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"7 1","pages":"514 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48444278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211043008
Weixiang Luo, Mengke Zhao
Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and social correlates of depression in China, but less is known about trends in depression prevalence and inequalities across time. Using nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies, we examine patterns of depressive symptoms over time from 2010 to 2018 among Chinese adults. We assess trends across time in depression disparities by educational attainment and household income using random-intercept logistic regression models. We find that the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms increased significantly in China over this period of time; increases in depression were significant for men and women, rural and urban residents, and the non-elderly. We also find that the rate of increase in depressive symptoms was more rapid among people with high levels of education and family income. Thus, though depression inequalities favor higher socioeconomic groups, this disparity is declining.
{"title":"Trends and socioeconomic differentials in depression prevalence in China, 2010–2018","authors":"Weixiang Luo, Mengke Zhao","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211043008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211043008","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and social correlates of depression in China, but less is known about trends in depression prevalence and inequalities across time. Using nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies, we examine patterns of depressive symptoms over time from 2010 to 2018 among Chinese adults. We assess trends across time in depression disparities by educational attainment and household income using random-intercept logistic regression models. We find that the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms increased significantly in China over this period of time; increases in depression were significant for men and women, rural and urban residents, and the non-elderly. We also find that the rate of increase in depressive symptoms was more rapid among people with high levels of education and family income. Thus, though depression inequalities favor higher socioeconomic groups, this disparity is declining.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"7 1","pages":"535 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45694191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1177/2057150X211040936
Jia Yu
Driven by economic development, ideational changes and family planning policies, the Chinese family has experienced significant change over the past several decades. Based on data from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies, this study analyzes China’s younger generations’ union formation and childbearing behaviors. The results show that although the average age of entry into a first marriage continues to rise, young people generally express a desire to enter into marriage and value the creation of a family. As premarital cohabitation became more prevalent, its determinants change from the “second demographic transition” model to the “pattern of disadvantage” model. The differences between cohabitors and non-cohabitors in premarital conception, premarital childbirth and divorce diminished in the recent cohorts. The findings suggest that the age of childbearing for Chinese women remains relatively early. The implementation of the “universal two-child policy” in 2015 has also encouraged younger women’s childbearing. Among those born in the 1980s, almost half have already given birth to a second child. The ideal number of children has declined across birth cohorts in China, especially for individuals with a higher educational level and urban hukou. In summary, changes in union formation and childbearing among Chinese youth imply that China will be facing a further rise in the first marriage age and a further decline in the fertility rate. However, voluntary singlehood will remain rare, and Chinese youth still value the importance of marriage and childbearing.
{"title":"Union formation and childbearing among Chinese youth: Trends and socioeconomic differentials","authors":"Jia Yu","doi":"10.1177/2057150X211040936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X211040936","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by economic development, ideational changes and family planning policies, the Chinese family has experienced significant change over the past several decades. Based on data from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies, this study analyzes China’s younger generations’ union formation and childbearing behaviors. The results show that although the average age of entry into a first marriage continues to rise, young people generally express a desire to enter into marriage and value the creation of a family. As premarital cohabitation became more prevalent, its determinants change from the “second demographic transition” model to the “pattern of disadvantage” model. The differences between cohabitors and non-cohabitors in premarital conception, premarital childbirth and divorce diminished in the recent cohorts. The findings suggest that the age of childbearing for Chinese women remains relatively early. The implementation of the “universal two-child policy” in 2015 has also encouraged younger women’s childbearing. Among those born in the 1980s, almost half have already given birth to a second child. The ideal number of children has declined across birth cohorts in China, especially for individuals with a higher educational level and urban hukou. In summary, changes in union formation and childbearing among Chinese youth imply that China will be facing a further rise in the first marriage age and a further decline in the fertility rate. However, voluntary singlehood will remain rare, and Chinese youth still value the importance of marriage and childbearing.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"7 1","pages":"593 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44923821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：