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Economic factors of increasing fertility in the Volga Federal District: a retrospective analysis (2000–2020) 伏尔加河联邦区生育率上升的经济因素:回顾性分析(2000-2020年)
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.288-303
C. Ildarhanova, G. N. Ershova, Yu. N. Ershova, A. Ibragimova
Purpose: to determine the economic factors that steadily influenced reproductive trends in the Volga Federal District in 2000-2020, their regional differentiation. The hypothesis of the study: the dynamics of the birth rate is predetermined, among other things, by economic factors (of a general economic nature and economic activity of households). With a positive change in the economic well-being of the population and households, stable prerequisites are formed for the growth of the birth rate in the Volga Federal District.Methods: the correlation and regression analysis of the total fertility rate and economic predictors for 2000-2020 of the Volga Federal District regions was used. Econometric prerequisites for determining reproductive trends are formed based on changes in macro- and microeconomic indicators of the economic well-being of the region and individual households.Results: regional differences in the influence of economic factors on fertility are revealed: direct linear dependence on the volume of investments per capita and the level of employment; inverse dependence on the level of poverty and the share of household spending on food (except for the Republic of Bashkortostan). When assessing the inverse linear dependence on the indexation of prices for primary housing, the coefficient of determination is insufficient (except for the Udmurt Republic), as in the case of assessing the impact of the unemployment rate (the factor is insignificant for the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kirov Region, Perm Krai). The growth and decrease in monthly consumer spending lead to a decrease in the birth rate.Conclusions and Relevance: one-factor regression analysis showed that in the Volga Federal District, the formation of reproductive trends is negatively affected by an increase in the share of spending on essential goods. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a correlation of fertility rates with a steady increase in the level of employment. The presented approach can be used to describe the prerequisites for the formation of stable reproductive trends in other districts and regions of Russia for the implementation of preventive measures of the demographic policy of the state in order to maintain the stability and positive development of the demographic situation, prognostic estimates of trends of deviation from the positive trend.
目的:确定2000-2020年影响伏尔加河联邦区生育趋势的经济因素及其区域分异。该研究的假设是:出生率的动态是由经济因素(一般经济性质和家庭经济活动)预先决定的。随着人口和家庭经济福利的积极变化,为伏尔加河联邦区出生率的增长形成了稳定的先决条件。方法:对2000-2020年伏尔加河联邦区总生育率与经济预测指标进行相关回归分析。确定生育趋势的计量经济学先决条件是根据区域和个别家庭经济福利的宏观和微观经济指标的变化而形成的。结果:揭示了经济因素对生育率影响的区域差异:人均投资额和就业水平直接线性依赖;与贫困水平和家庭食品支出比例相反的依赖关系(巴什科尔托斯坦共和国除外)。在评估对初级住房价格指数化的反向线性依赖时,决定系数不足(乌德穆尔特共和国除外),就像评估失业率的影响一样(该因素对巴什科尔托斯坦共和国、基洛夫地区、彼尔姆边界线不显著)。月消费支出的增减导致出生率的下降。结论和相关性:单因素回归分析表明,在伏尔加河联邦区,生活必需品支出份额的增加对生育趋势的形成产生了负面影响。多元回归分析显示,生育率与就业水平的稳步增长存在相关性。所提出的方法可以用来描述在俄罗斯其他地区和地区形成稳定的生育趋势的先决条件,以便实施国家人口政策的预防措施,以保持人口状况的稳定和积极发展,对偏离积极趋势的趋势进行预测估计。
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引用次数: 1
Implementation of ESG strategies of Russian companies under sanctions restrictions 制裁限制下俄罗斯企业的ESG战略实施情况
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.185-201
M. Izmailova
Purpose: of the study is to analyze and determine the prospects for the implementation of ESG strategies of Russian companies in the context of escalating anti-Russian sanctions restrictions.Methods: the study is based on the application of the concept of sustainable development, evolving from the "umbrella" concept of corporate social responsibility. The application of the concept of a systematic approach and the theory of decision-making to the management of the organization allowed us to consider the possibilities of incorporating ESG principles into the development strategy of companies.Results: an assessment of the state of non-financial reporting in Russia is given, showing a significant gap between Russian companies and foreign ones in the number of published reports. The impact of Western sanctions on the disclosure of financial statements has been determined, and the relevant draft law is expected to be approved regarding the regulation of the issuance of non-financial statements, the development of which takes into account the experience of anti-Russian sanctions restrictions. It is established that in conditions of high uncertainty of the geopolitical and economic situation, Russian companies confirm their commitment to the course of sustainable development, recognizing the possibility of revising the Sustainable Development Goals, updating the ESG strategy and the portfolio of ESG projects. The prospects and tasks for the development of the ESG agenda, as well as the directions of the evolution of non-financial reporting, are determined.Conclusions and Relevance: in the face of unprecedented sanctions restrictions, Russian companies continue to follow previously adopted ESG strategies. Building business processes based on ESG principles gives undeniable advantages at different levels of the economic system: at the macro level – improving the environmental situation on a planetary scale; at the national level – progressive socio-economic development; at the micro level – increasing loyalty to the company of all its stakeholders with all the ensuing advantages. Recognizing the positive adherence of Russian companies to the global trend of issuing non-financial reports informing the public about the results of the implementation of their ESG strategies, Russian business needs to improve the quality of this activity: organize the process of preparing reports taking into account current challenges, trends, requests of the state, investors and society, objectively reflect the results in the field of ESG transformation.
本研究的目的是分析和确定在反俄制裁限制不断升级的背景下,俄罗斯公司实施ESG战略的前景。方法:研究基于可持续发展概念的应用,从企业社会责任的“保护伞”概念演化而来。将系统方法的概念和决策理论应用于组织管理,使我们能够考虑将ESG原则纳入公司发展战略的可能性。结果:对俄罗斯的非财务报告状况进行了评估,显示俄罗斯公司与外国公司在公布报告的数量上存在显着差距。西方制裁对财务报表披露的影响已经确定,关于非财务报表发布监管的相关法律草案有望获得通过,其制定考虑了反俄制裁限制的经验。在地缘政治和经济形势高度不确定的情况下,俄罗斯企业确认其对可持续发展进程的承诺,认识到修订可持续发展目标、更新ESG战略和ESG项目组合的可能性。确定了ESG议程发展的前景和任务,以及非财务报告的发展方向。结论和相关性:面对前所未有的制裁限制,俄罗斯公司继续遵循先前采用的ESG战略。基于ESG原则构建业务流程在经济系统的不同层面具有不可否认的优势:在宏观层面-改善全球范围内的环境状况;在国家一级-逐步实现社会经济发展;在微观层面上,增加所有利益相关者对公司的忠诚度,并带来所有随之而来的好处。认识到俄罗斯公司积极遵守发布非财务报告的全球趋势,向公众通报其ESG战略的实施结果,俄罗斯企业需要提高这一活动的质量:组织报告编制过程,考虑当前的挑战、趋势、国家、投资者和社会的要求,客观反映ESG转型领域的结果。
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引用次数: 6
Сluster-oriented interaction of organizations providing paid medical services Сluster-oriented提供付费医疗服务的组织之间的互动
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.252-269
Yu.V. Mashninova
Purpose: preparation of evidence-based proposals for the formation of cluster-oriented interaction of medical organizations providing paid services.Methods: the study is based on the use of a number of universal and special research methods. In particular, the cluster analysis method was used in the search for the most effectively complementary medical organizations of various forms of ownership. Statistical analysis was applied to study their activities in the provision of paid services.Results: the article provides a brief theoretical analysis of the essence of the concept and the basic principles of «cluster-oriented interaction» in relation to Russian organizations of various forms of ownership in the segment of dentistry with a rationale for the relevance of the application in the current socio-economic situation. A model of cluster-oriented interaction has been built and a method for searching for organizations that most effectively complement each other based on multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis) has been proposed, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of their functioning and the quality of medical services provided.Conclusions and Relevance: the developed approaches to the implementation of cluster-oriented interaction of organizations providing paid medical services to the population of childhood allow taking into account the specifics and features of the functioning of healthcare organizations in a critically complex and unstable socio-economic situation in the country. The principles and possibilities of mechanisms for coordinating the joint work of medical healthcare organizations in the direction of obtaining a synergistic effect due to the association of clinics formed on mutually beneficial terms, which increases their competitiveness in the current socio-economic situation, are formulated. The most significant component in the article is the development of methodological approaches to the organization of the joint use of material and technical resources.
目的:为提供付费服务的医疗机构形成面向集群的互动提供循证建议。方法:本研究在研究基础上采用了若干通用和专用的研究方法。特别是,聚类分析方法用于寻找各种所有制形式中最有效的互补医疗组织。采用统计分析来研究它们在提供有偿服务方面的活动。结果:文章提供了一个简短的理论分析的概念的本质和“集群为导向的互动”的基本原则,与俄罗斯的各种形式的所有权的组织在牙科部分的基本原理的相关性应用在当前的社会经济形势。建立了面向集群的互动模型,并提出了一种基于多变量统计分析(聚类分析)寻找最有效互补的组织的方法,从而有可能提高其运作效率和所提供医疗服务的质量。结论和相关性:在向儿童提供有偿医疗服务的组织之间开展以集群为导向的互动的已制定方法,可以考虑到在该国极其复杂和不稳定的社会经济形势下保健组织运作的具体特点。制定了协调医疗保健组织联合工作的机制的原则和可能性,以便通过在互利条件下建立的诊所协会获得协同效应,从而提高其在当前社会经济形势下的竞争力。文章中最重要的部分是发展组织联合使用材料和技术资源的方法方法。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing the social responsibility of oil and gas companies in the context of the green economy formation: Russian and Western experience 在绿色经济形成的背景下增加石油和天然气公司的社会责任:俄罗斯和西方的经验
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.304-321
A. Gusov, E. Lylova, E. Kolganova, M. M. Eyeberdiyeva
Purpose: the main idea of the article is to prove that the level of corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) of large gas and oil companies can be improved. This is a necessary condition for providing sustainable development of these companies because on the one hand the new paradigm of their development considers transition to low-carbon technologies, on the other hand, the main activity of gas and oil companies is associated with natural resources consumption, which inevitably leads to certain negative environmental consequences. At the same time, it is these consequences that trigger the process of establishing a green economy.Methods: the authors conducted a comparative and iterative analysis of the CSR development process of four major Western and four major Russian oil and gas companies.Results: large oil and gas companies around the world are deeply involved into the implementation of various areas of CSR in different directions to ensure long-term sustainable development. Our analysis showed that CSR areas are different and correspond to the basic set of CSR activities. Also, there are more advanced activities, though this applies only to individual companies. Oil companies have demonstrated certain features in their CSR practice, such as the variety of issues being addressed, the wide presence of intersectoral partnerships, and interaction with social entrepreneurs. However, not all companies are equally involved in the implementation of CSR.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of research allow us to determine the main reserves for improving the competitiveness of the analysed companies. The practical application of the results of this study is possible in the field of corporate governance, strategic planning for oil and gas companies. The results of the study are also of interest from the point of view of the development of scientific ideas about modern ways of implementing corporate social responsibility and the specifics of its implementation in the oil and gas industry.
目的:本文的主要思想是证明大型油气公司的企业社会责任(以下简称CSR)水平是可以提高的。这是提供这些公司可持续发展的必要条件,因为一方面,他们的发展新范式考虑向低碳技术过渡,另一方面,天然气和石油公司的主要活动与自然资源消耗有关,这不可避免地导致一定的负面环境后果。与此同时,正是这些后果引发了建立绿色经济的进程。方法:对西方四大石油天然气公司和俄罗斯四大石油天然气公司的企业社会责任发展过程进行比较和迭代分析。结果:世界各地的大型油气公司都在不同方向上深入参与企业社会责任的各个领域的实施,以确保长期的可持续发展。我们的分析表明,企业社会责任领域是不同的,并对应于企业社会责任活动的基本集合。此外,还有更高级的活动,尽管这只适用于个别公司。石油公司在其企业社会责任实践中已经展示了某些特征,例如正在解决的问题的多样性,跨部门伙伴关系的广泛存在以及与社会企业家的互动。然而,并不是所有的公司都平等地参与到企业社会责任的实施中。结论和相关性:研究结果使我们能够确定提高被分析公司竞争力的主要储备。本研究结果可应用于油气公司治理、战略规划等领域。从现代企业社会责任实施方式的科学理念发展以及在石油和天然气行业实施社会责任的具体情况来看,研究结果也很有趣。
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引用次数: 0
Кey trends in the financial services digital transformation in Russia and their influence on consumer experience: forecast of expertsm Кey俄罗斯金融服务数字化转型趋势及其对消费者体验的影响:专家预测
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.202-221
L. Prokopova, S. V. Sukhov, M. Tverdokhlebova, Boris Ivanovich Pogorilyak, V. Kaderova
Purpose: forecasting the key avenues for financial services digital transformation in Russia and its influence on customer experience based on expert surveys.Methods: a set of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as marketing research methods – desk and field research. The field research included qualitative method: in-depth interviews with financial market experts. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized. Results: the authors provided analysis of secondary data on the main global and local digitalization trends in the financial services market and conducted analytical aggregation of expert opinions on the most likely future changes in the financial services market in the process of digitalization. Analysis of the obtained data enabled to describe three avenues for financial services digital transformation – means of payments digital transformation, payments infrastructure digital transformation and customer interaction models digital transformation. The authors also presented and described the positive and negative influence of the results of digital transformation on the consumer experience.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of this study emphasize the role of financial services digital transformation in the process of new consumer experience creation. The means of payments digital transformation will ensure the total dominance of digital money within the money circulation system positively affecting consumer experience in terms of growing convenience, speed and cost-cutting. Payment infrastructure digital transformation will positively influence on consumer experience by simplifying the customer identification systems and reducing errors. Customer interaction models digital transformation will enhance the level of seamlessness leading to the full integration of financial services in the day-to-day customer activities. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies enabling to achieve the highest level of competitiveness for the financial service providers in the market.
目的:根据专家调查预测俄罗斯金融服务数字化转型的关键途径及其对客户体验的影响。方法:一套一般的科学分析和综合方法,以及营销研究方法-案头调查和实地调查。实地调研包括定性方法:对金融市场专家进行深度访谈。采用内容分析法对所得数据进行分析和总结。结果:作者对全球和本地金融服务市场的主要数字化趋势进行了二手数据分析,并对数字化过程中金融服务市场未来最可能发生的变化进行了专家意见的分析汇总。通过对获得数据的分析,可以描述金融服务数字化转型的三种途径——支付手段数字化转型、支付基础设施数字化转型和客户交互模型数字化转型。作者还介绍并描述了数字化转型对消费者体验的积极和消极影响。结论和相关性:本研究的结果强调了金融服务数字化转型在新消费者体验创造过程中的作用。支付方式的数字化转型将确保数字货币在货币流通体系中的完全主导地位,在日益增长的便利性、速度和成本削减方面对消费者体验产生积极影响。支付基础设施数字化转型将通过简化客户识别系统和减少错误,对消费者体验产生积极影响。客户交互模型的数字化转型将提高无缝水平,从而将金融服务完全整合到日常客户活动中。研究结果可用于制定战略,使金融服务提供商在市场上实现最高水平的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
The global shortage of semiconductor components as a source of the current crisis in the global automotive industry 半导体元件的全球短缺是当前全球汽车工业危机的一个根源
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.270-287
G. Shcherbakov
Purpose: of this article is to identify the causes of the automotive industry crisis in 2020–2022, which led to the shutdown of the conveyor lines of the largest automotive companies around the world, based on the study of the degree of dependence of the automotive industry on microelectronic components.Methods: in preparing the work, a complex of scientific research methods was used, in particular, the method of system analysis, as well as conceptual-methodological and logical methods.Results: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the global automotive industry faced two unforeseen shocks that virtually paralyzed production output. The first of them was associated with a deep drop in demand for automotive products. The second – with the complete depletion of the semiconductor industry's production capacity for the release of critical microcircuits necessary for the production of cars. Both events, directly related to the change in consumer behavior during the pandemic, provoked a severe industry crisis, in which the automotive industry has been to this day. The resulting shortage showed the fragility of existing supply chains and the precariousness of the practice of "immediate production" in emergency economic conditions.Conclusions and Relevance: the crisis of the automotive industry in 2020–2021 proceeded in two stages and was triggered by two mutually exclusive reasons from the point of view of economic theory. The first stage is a drop in demand, a «classic» crisis of overproduction. The second stage of the crisis is a chronic (continuing for a long time) shortage of microelectronic components for automotive production. It is this phenomenon that does not fit into the framework of a generalized understanding of the functioning of market economy mechanisms.
本文的目的是通过对汽车行业对微电子元件的依赖程度的研究,找出导致全球最大汽车公司的输送线关闭的2020-2022年汽车行业危机的原因。方法:在准备工作中,采用了综合的科学研究方法,特别是系统分析方法,以及概念方法和逻辑方法。结果:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,全球汽车行业面临两次无法预料的冲击,几乎使生产陷入瘫痪。第一次危机与汽车产品需求的大幅下降有关。第二种情况是,为了生产汽车所必需的关键微电路,半导体工业的生产能力将完全枯竭。这两件事都与大流行期间消费者行为的变化直接相关,引发了严重的行业危机,汽车行业至今仍处于危机之中。由此造成的短缺显示出现有供应链的脆弱性以及在紧急经济条件下"立即生产"做法的不稳定性。结论与关联:2020-2021年的汽车行业危机分两个阶段进行,从经济理论的角度来看,是由两个相互排斥的原因引发的。第一阶段是需求下降,这是生产过剩的“经典”危机。危机的第二阶段是用于汽车生产的微电子元件的长期(持续时间很长)短缺。正是这种现象不符合对市场经济机制运作的一般理解的框架。
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引用次数: 1
Import substitution in the manufacturing industries and its impact on the state of the domestic market (on the example of the North caucasian Federal District of Russia) 制造业的进口替代及其对国内市场状况的影响(以俄罗斯北高加索联邦区为例)
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.172-184
G. Batov, T. Shogenov
Purpose: of the study is to reveal the potential of individual manufacturing industries of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia in import substitution.Methods: the study is based on the use of a systematic approach, the use of methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientific abstraction, analogies and scientific generalizations, the macroeconomic and geopolitical context was taken into account, and methods of predictive analytics were used.Results: an analysis of the state of the clothing, footwear, woodworking and processing industries using the methods of predictive analytics shows that the district has the potential and resources for import substitution. To do this, it is necessary to revive these industries on a new technological basis and expand the legal, economic and financial freedom of action for existing actors. To intensify production processes in industries and increase the productivity of production factors, it is advisable to include individual operations in technological value chains carried out in other regions or create clusters or a group of clusters with the participation of enterprises from related industries.Conclusions and Relevance: in the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia, it is possible to implement an import substitution policy in the textile, clothing, footwear, woodworking and processing industries. The implementation of such a policy will reduce the level of import dependence, replace imported products with domestic counterparts. This statement is based on the availability of raw materials, technologies and labor resources in the district. The implementation of import substitution measures will have an important social and economic effect, which consists in the fact that it becomes possible to reduce unemployment in the district and create new jobs, as well as replenish regional budgets.
本研究的目的是揭示俄罗斯北高加索联邦区个别制造业在进口替代方面的潜力。方法:本研究采用系统方法,采用经济和统计分析方法,科学抽象,类比和科学概括,考虑宏观经济和地缘政治背景,并使用预测分析方法。结果:利用预测分析方法对服装、鞋类、木工和加工业的现状进行了分析,表明该区具有进口替代的潜力和资源。为此,必须在新的技术基础上振兴这些工业,并扩大现有行动者的法律、经济和财政行动自由。为强化产业生产过程,提高生产要素生产率,可将个别作业纳入到其他地区开展的技术价值链中,或形成相关产业企业参与的集群或集群群。结论和意义:在俄罗斯北高加索联邦区,有可能在纺织、服装、鞋类、木工和加工行业实施进口替代政策。这一政策的实施将降低进口依赖程度,用国内同类产品取代进口产品。该声明是基于该地区原材料、技术和劳动力资源的可用性。进口替代措施的实施将产生重要的社会和经济影响,其中包括有可能减少该地区的失业率,创造新的就业机会,并补充区域预算。
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引用次数: 0
The potential of digitalization of resource regions of the Russian North 俄罗斯北部资源区数字化的潜力
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.238-251
N. Egorov, G. Kovrov, S. V. Tishkov, A. Volkov
Purpose: the study of the current state of the potential level of digitalization of the sectors of the economy of the northern regions of the resource type (NRRT) and to identify possible promising directions for their development.Methods: the research is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, comparative analysis and rating assessment. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and statistical collections of the Higher School of Economics for the period 2010–2020 were used.Results: the rating of the TOP 10 countries of the world on digital competitiveness is presented. A methodological approach is proposed to substantiate the attribution of NRRT subjects to the resource-type category by calculating the share of the statistical indicator "mining" in the structure of the gross regional product. An assessment of the resource dependence of the regions of the Far North was carried out, based on the analysis of which the criteria for assigning eight subjects of the Russian Federation to NRRT were determined. The analysis and assessment of the current state of the level of digitalization of NRRT, which showed the leading positions of the Magadan region, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, was carried out. It is noted that the level of regional expenditures on the introduction and use of digital technologies does not significantly affect the composite integral index of the digitalization potential of the northern resource–type regions.Conclusions and Relevance: the development of methodology and research on digitalization of resource regions of the Russian North, the results of which are presented in this article, is being implemented in a number of areas: the development of a conceptual scheme and a system of indicators for monitoring the northern regions; the development and construction of a composite index of development of the digital economy in the regions of the North; the development of methodology for monitoring the development and use of "end-toend" digital technologies (technologies for working with big data); monitoring and assessment of the level of development of the digital economy in the Arctic municipalities; the study of the relationship between socio-economic and digital development of the regions of the Russian North; the development of digital technologies of regional and municipal management and the study of socio-economic effects of their implementation; the study of digital transformation of priority economic sectors of the northern regions.
目的:研究北部资源型地区(NRRT)经济部门数字化潜力水平的现状,并确定其发展可能的有希望的方向。方法:采用标准的数据收集与处理方法、比较分析方法和评级评价方法进行研究。数据来源于联邦国家统计局和高等经济学院2010-2020年的统计数据。结果:给出了全球数字竞争力前10位国家的排名。提出了一种方法方法,通过计算统计指标“采矿”在区域生产总值结构中所占的份额,来证实自然资源改造项目属于资源类。对远北地区的资源依赖程度进行了评估,根据分析确定了将俄罗斯联邦的八个主题划归自然资源审查委员会的标准。对马加丹地区、亚马洛-涅涅茨自治区和汉特-曼西自治区的NRRT数字化水平现状进行了分析和评估,表明该地区处于领先地位。研究发现,区域数字技术引进和使用支出水平对北方资源型地区数字化潜力综合积分指数影响不显著。结论和相关性:俄罗斯北部资源区数字化方法和研究的发展,其结果将在本文中介绍,正在多个领域实施:制定概念计划和监测北部地区的指标系统;开发和构建北方地区数字经济发展综合指数;制定监测“端到端”数字技术(处理大数据的技术)的开发和使用的方法;监测和评估北极城市数字经济的发展水平;研究俄罗斯北部地区的社会经济和数字发展之间的关系;区域和市政管理数字技术的发展及其实施的社会经济影响的研究;北方地区重点经济产业数字化转型研究。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of human capital in the real economy sector: ecosystem approach 实体经济部门人力资本的形成:生态系统方法
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.154-171
M. Flek, E. Ugnich
Purpose: the purpose of the article is to substantiate the ecosystem approach to managing the interaction of an enterprise with educational and other organizations to provide it with the necessary human capital.Methods: this article is based on an ecosystem approach. A resource approach was used to substantiate the advantages of the professional and educational ecosystem. The method of situational analysis is used. The questionnaire method made it possible to evaluate the results of the ecosystem of a particular enterprise based on the expert`s opinion. The assessment of the structural model of management of the professional and educational ecosystem was carried out using correlation analysis.Results: the possibilities of an ecosystem approach to the formation of new organizational forms of interaction between subjects of the real sector of the economy and the education system in a dynamically changing external environment are shown. The content of the vocational education ecosystem is revealed as a kind of socio-economic, the key features of which are the specific composition of subjects and a special goal (creation of joint value) – reproduction of the enterprise human capital. The key objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem are highlighted: resources, processes, results and interaction of participants. An algorithm for evaluating the management system of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is presented. The experience of the vocational education ecosystem of a knowledge-intensive enterprise is analyzed and practical recommendations for its development are given.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach to the management of the vocational education ecosystem through the analysis of key objects considered in the article has practical significance and allows us to give concrete practical recommendations for its improvement. Based on the results of the analysis of the objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem of the machine-building enterprise, the need to strengthen the relationship of enterprises with educational organizations that form the basis of human capital has been established. The key advantage of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is the unhindered accessibility for employees of the enterprise in advanced training, the implementation of the principle of lifelong learning.
目的:本文的目的是证实生态系统方法来管理企业与教育和其他组织的互动,为其提供必要的人力资本。方法:本文基于生态系统方法。利用资源方法来证实专业和教育生态系统的优势。运用情境分析的方法。问卷调查法可以根据专家的意见对特定企业的生态系统结果进行评估。运用相关分析对专业教育生态系统管理结构模型进行了评价。结果:展示了生态系统方法在动态变化的外部环境中形成实体经济部门和教育系统主体之间互动的新组织形式的可能性。职业教育生态系统的内涵是一种社会经济生态系统,其核心特征是主体的特定构成和企业人力资本再生产的特殊目标(共同价值的创造)。强调了职业教育生态系统管理的重点对象:资源、过程、结果和参与者的互动。提出了一种评价企业职业教育生态系统管理体系的算法。分析了某知识密集型企业职业教育生态系统建设的经验,并对其发展提出切实可行的建议。结论与关联性:本文通过对重点对象的分析,提出了职业教育生态系统管理的思路,具有现实意义,可以为完善职业教育生态系统提出具体的实践性建议。通过对机械制造企业职业教育生态系统管理对象的分析,提出了加强企业与教育组织关系的必要性,教育组织是人力资本的基础。企业职业教育生态系统的关键优势在于企业员工无障碍接受高级培训,贯彻终身学习原则。
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引用次数: 2
Trends in the development of mortgage–backed securities in modern condition 现代条件下抵押贷款支持证券的发展趋势
Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.322-341
S. Niyazbekova, A. Mottaeva, S. Eroshkin, M. G. Krishtal
Purpose: to identify objective patterns of development of mortgage–backed securities that determine the prospects of this direction to increase its role in the Russian economy.Methods: the study used general scientific methods of cognition, including comparative analysis, economic–statistical and abstract– logical methods, generalization and complex analysis. The methodological basis is the fundamental provisions of the theory of mortgages, the general theory of mortgage lending, thematic works of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as data from the Analytical Center DOM.RF.Results: the concept and classification of mortgage–backed securities are considered, the features of securitization are presented. The analysis of factors affecting the price level and profitability of mortgage–backed securities is carried out. The analysis of the state of the mortgage securities market in Russia has been carried out. The analysis of factors that have a significant impact on the current level of prices and yields of Russian mortgage bonds has been carried out. Development problems have been identified.Conclusions and Relevance: in the conditions of uncertainty in the Russian economy caused by the pandemic, sanctions, geopolitical tensions and inflation, retail investors are seek to secure their savings by investing them in bonds with yields higher than deposit rates. Bank deposits will remain the main way of saving money for the population. The popularity of bond investments will gradually grow, especially among the younger generation. The state has taken the right step towards improving the financial literacy of the Russian population and instilling a culture of investing in various instruments, especially securities. A similar practice should be applied to mortgage–backed securities. It is recommended to use positive experience in attracting individuals to certain segments of the stock market: simplification of access and purchase of mortgage bonds for the ordinary population; information campaign to popularize mortgage bonds as a simple investment tool with optimal compliance with the «risk–return» parameters; provision of state or institutional support measures in the form of tax benefits for investors, or reduced size agency commissions.
目的:确定抵押贷款支持证券发展的客观模式,确定这一方向的前景,以增加其在俄罗斯经济中的作用。方法:采用科学的一般认知方法,包括比较分析、经济统计和抽象逻辑方法、概括分析和复杂分析。方法依据是抵押贷款理论的基本规定、抵押贷款的一般理论、国内外科学家的专题著作以及分析中心dom . rf的数据。结果:考虑了抵押贷款支持证券的概念和分类,提出了证券化的特点。对影响抵押贷款支持证券价格水平和盈利能力的因素进行了分析。对俄罗斯抵押贷款证券市场的现状进行了分析。对当前俄罗斯抵押债券价格和收益率水平有重大影响的因素进行了分析。已经确定了发展问题。结论和相关性:在疫情、制裁、地缘政治紧张局势和通货膨胀造成俄罗斯经济不确定的情况下,散户投资者正寻求通过投资收益率高于存款利率的债券来确保其储蓄的安全。银行存款仍将是人们存钱的主要方式。债券投资的受欢迎程度将逐渐增长,尤其是在年轻一代中。俄罗斯政府在提高俄罗斯民众的金融素养、灌输投资各种工具(尤其是证券)的文化方面迈出了正确的一步。类似的做法应该适用于抵押贷款支持证券。建议利用积极的经验来吸引个人进入股票市场的某些部分:简化普通民众进入和购买抵押债券的手续;宣传活动,以普及抵押贷款债券作为一个简单的投资工具,最符合“风险回报”参数;为投资者提供税收优惠或减少机构佣金规模的国家或机构支持措施。
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引用次数: 2
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MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)
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