Y. P. Hastuti, K. Nirmala, M. P. Hutagaol, Dahri Tanjung, Agit Kriswantriyono, Wildan Nurussalam, Yulia Puspadewi Wulandari, Y. Fatma
Lake Toba is one of the largest lakes in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Its waters are used for multiple purposes, constituting an important natural and economic resource. Most of the waters of Lake Toba come from the overflow of disposal of agriculture, livestock, fisheries, tourism, households, and other activities. The present study identified water quality based on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and other water quality parameters carried out at 60 sampling sites grouped into 6 observation stations, i.e., control areas (located in the middle and far from direct activities), community floating net cages, company floating net cages, settlement, hospitality, and river mouths. The main water quality components were very dynamic at the monitoring stations in three seasons (rainy, transition, and dry). Total nitrogen concentration tended to be higher in the rainy season than in the transition and dry seasons. However, all stations tended to be classified as mesotrophic or higher in all seasons, with total nitrogen concentrations greater than 12.5 mg L–1. Total phosphorus at the six stations was highly dynamic in all seasons and tended to decrease in the dry season. The concentration of total phosphorus was higher at the settlement and hospitality stations than at the other stations. The total phosphorus of the settlement and hospitality stations reached 0.18 mg L–1 and 0.17 mg L–1, respectively, in the rainy season. In general, total phosphorus concentrations in the waters of Lake Toba were above 0.1 mg L–1, which allowed the lake to be classified as above mesotrophic status.
{"title":"Analysis of main components of Lake Toba’s water quality in different seasons","authors":"Y. P. Hastuti, K. Nirmala, M. P. Hutagaol, Dahri Tanjung, Agit Kriswantriyono, Wildan Nurussalam, Yulia Puspadewi Wulandari, Y. Fatma","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2024.11726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2024.11726","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Toba is one of the largest lakes in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Its waters are used for multiple purposes, constituting an important natural and economic resource. Most of the waters of Lake Toba come from the overflow of disposal of agriculture, livestock, fisheries, tourism, households, and other activities. The present study identified water quality based on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and other water quality parameters carried out at 60 sampling sites grouped into 6 observation stations, i.e., control areas (located in the middle and far from direct activities), community floating net cages, company floating net cages, settlement, hospitality, and river mouths. The main water quality components were very dynamic at the monitoring stations in three seasons (rainy, transition, and dry). Total nitrogen concentration tended to be higher in the rainy season than in the transition and dry seasons. However, all stations tended to be classified as mesotrophic or higher in all seasons, with total nitrogen concentrations greater than 12.5 mg L–1. Total phosphorus at the six stations was highly dynamic in all seasons and tended to decrease in the dry season. The concentration of total phosphorus was higher at the settlement and hospitality stations than at the other stations. The total phosphorus of the settlement and hospitality stations reached 0.18 mg L–1 and 0.17 mg L–1, respectively, in the rainy season. In general, total phosphorus concentrations in the waters of Lake Toba were above 0.1 mg L–1, which allowed the lake to be classified as above mesotrophic status.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Bolinesi, Emanuela Serino, Angelo Carotenuto, Silvia Fanina, O. Mangoni
Mediterranean coastal systems, particularly those characterized by river mouths, have played an important role in the history of human civilization, thanks to unique species assemblages, a high biodiversity, and complex ecological interactions. The overlapping of multiple cross-scale effects, triggered by the ongoing climate change, makes these systems particularly important sites for ecological studies. Here, we have investigated the phytoplankton community structure in the terminal stretch of the Sele River (Tyrrhenian Sea) under two different hydrological regimes: i) with river mouth occluded by sediments preventing water exchange with the sea; ii) with river mouth completely opened, which allowed the maximum water mass exchanges between the river and the sea. The strong variations in physical-chemical properties of the water column, the point-distribution of total phytoplankton biomass, and the dominance of cryptophytes and cyanophytes under occluded and opened river mouth, respectively, indicate the presence of strong allogenic pressures acting on the system. Our data suggest that the monitoring of phytoplankton communities in the terminal stretch of micro-tidal estuaries, could be a useful tool for studying the extent of climate change underway in Mediterranean coastal marine areas.
{"title":"Phytoplankton community as monitoring tool in the terminal stretch of a micro-tidal estuary facing the Tyrrhenian Sea","authors":"Francesco Bolinesi, Emanuela Serino, Angelo Carotenuto, Silvia Fanina, O. Mangoni","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2023.11070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2023.11070","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean coastal systems, particularly those characterized by river mouths, have played an important role in the history of human civilization, thanks to unique species assemblages, a high biodiversity, and complex ecological interactions. The overlapping of multiple cross-scale effects, triggered by the ongoing climate change, makes these systems particularly important sites for ecological studies. Here, we have investigated the phytoplankton community structure in the terminal stretch of the Sele River (Tyrrhenian Sea) under two different hydrological regimes: i) with river mouth occluded by sediments preventing water exchange with the sea; ii) with river mouth completely opened, which allowed the maximum water mass exchanges between the river and the sea. The strong variations in physical-chemical properties of the water column, the point-distribution of total phytoplankton biomass, and the dominance of cryptophytes and cyanophytes under occluded and opened river mouth, respectively, indicate the presence of strong allogenic pressures acting on the system. Our data suggest that the monitoring of phytoplankton communities in the terminal stretch of micro-tidal estuaries, could be a useful tool for studying the extent of climate change underway in Mediterranean coastal marine areas.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45206684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the measurement of the Fluxes of Dissolved Compounds at the Sediment-Water Interface (DFSWIs), obtained by analyzing data collected in the Italian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea from 1982. We also describe the methods, honed by Italy’s Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), employed to measure and calculate DFSWIs, including benthic chambers and landers, sediment-water interface micro-profiling, on-board incubation, and pore water modeling. Data analysis demonstrated that in situ measurements are the most reliable approaches, but that on-board collected data also supply interesting results. The DFSWI data allowed to divide the Adriatic seafloor into areas with similar DFSWI types and intensities and to define the role of sediments as sources or sinks of chemicals such as nutrients, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), and metals. DFSWIs mainly depend on dissolved and solid river inputs, Marine Organic Matter (mOM) production, and sediment reworking. They show a seasonal temperature-related trend, which in summer induces increased chemical reaction kinetics and microbial activity. DFSWIs decline from the Po River mouths southward, along the Holocene mud wedge. North of the Po River Delta, the DFSWIs are weaker and confined to the areas in front of the major river mouths, due to poor Organic Matter (OM) inputs and strong reworking of bottom sediments. The area south of the Po Delta cusp is characterized by strong DFSWIs, due to the high deposition of solid inputs from the Po River, strong primary production, and protection from the Western Adriatic Current and Bora storms; in summer, higher temperatures, and calm hydrodynamic conditions generate near-bottom hypoxic to anoxic environments in this area. In Northern and Central Adriatic offshore areas, negative DIC and phosphate fluxes are due to poorly reactive OM reaching this area and to the mainly carbonate composition and oxic environment of local bottom sediments. DFSWI data analysis highlighted the important contribution of sediments to marine carbon and nutrient cycles. This is particularly important for carbon, which plays a major role in seawater acidification and global climate change. The study also provides average DFSWI data for each diagenetic area, which allow calculating the carbon and nutrient budgets in the Adriatic Sea.
我们报告了沉积物-水界面(DFSWIs)溶解化合物通量的测量，该通量是通过分析1982年以来在亚得里亚海北部和中部的意大利专属经济区(EEZ)收集的数据获得的。我们还描述了由意大利CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche)开发的用于测量和计算DFSWIs的方法，包括底栖室和着陆器、沉积物-水界面微观剖面、机载孵化和孔隙水建模。数据分析表明，现场测量是最可靠的方法，但船上收集的数据也提供了有趣的结果。DFSWI数据允许将亚得里亚海海底划分为具有相似DFSWI类型和强度的区域，并定义沉积物作为化学物质(如营养物、溶解无机碳(DIC)和金属)的来源或汇的作用。DFSWIs主要依赖于溶解和固体河流输入、海洋有机质(mOM)生产和沉积物再加工。它们表现出季节性的温度相关趋势，在夏季引起化学反应动力学和微生物活性的增加。沿全新世泥楔向南，从波河河口开始，DFSWIs逐渐减弱。在波河三角洲以北，由于有机质(OM)输入较差和底部沉积物的强再加工，DFSWIs较弱且局限于主要河口前地区。波河三角洲尖端以南地区，由于波河固体输入沉积量大，初级生产强度强，并受到西亚得里亚海流和波拉风暴的保护，具有较强的DFSWIs特征;在夏季，较高的温度和平静的水动力条件在该地区产生近底部的缺氧环境。在亚得里亚海北部和中部近海地区，负的DIC和磷酸盐通量是由于到达该地区的反应性有机质较差，以及当地底部沉积物的碳酸盐组成和氧环境。DFSWI数据分析强调了沉积物对海洋碳和养分循环的重要贡献。这对碳尤其重要，因为碳在海水酸化和全球气候变化中起着重要作用。该研究还提供了每个成岩区域的平均DFSWI数据，从而可以计算亚得里亚海的碳和营养预算。
{"title":"Dissolved fluxes of nutrients and carbon at the sediment-water interface in the Adriatic Sea: review of early data and methods from the Italian National Research Council (CNR)","authors":"F. Spagnoli, M. Ravaioli","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2023.11094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2023.11094","url":null,"abstract":"We report the measurement of the Fluxes of Dissolved Compounds at the Sediment-Water Interface (DFSWIs), obtained by analyzing data collected in the Italian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea from 1982. We also describe the methods, honed by Italy’s Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), employed to measure and calculate DFSWIs, including benthic chambers and landers, sediment-water interface micro-profiling, on-board incubation, and pore water modeling. Data analysis demonstrated that in situ measurements are the most reliable approaches, but that on-board collected data also supply interesting results. The DFSWI data allowed to divide the Adriatic seafloor into areas with similar DFSWI types and intensities and to define the role of sediments as sources or sinks of chemicals such as nutrients, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), and metals. DFSWIs mainly depend on dissolved and solid river inputs, Marine Organic Matter (mOM) production, and sediment reworking. They show a seasonal temperature-related trend, which in summer induces increased chemical reaction kinetics and microbial activity. DFSWIs decline from the Po River mouths southward, along the Holocene mud wedge. North of the Po River Delta, the DFSWIs are weaker and confined to the areas in front of the major river mouths, due to poor Organic Matter (OM) inputs and strong reworking of bottom sediments. The area south of the Po Delta cusp is characterized by strong DFSWIs, due to the high deposition of solid inputs from the Po River, strong primary production, and protection from the Western Adriatic Current and Bora storms; in summer, higher temperatures, and calm hydrodynamic conditions generate near-bottom hypoxic to anoxic environments in this area. In Northern and Central Adriatic offshore areas, negative DIC and phosphate fluxes are due to poorly reactive OM reaching this area and to the mainly carbonate composition and oxic environment of local bottom sediments. DFSWI data analysis highlighted the important contribution of sediments to marine carbon and nutrient cycles. This is particularly important for carbon, which plays a major role in seawater acidification and global climate change. The study also provides average DFSWI data for each diagenetic area, which allow calculating the carbon and nutrient budgets in the Adriatic Sea.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pulina, C. Satta, B. Padedda, J. Culurgioni, Riccardo Diciotti, N. Fois, A. Lugliè
The predator-prey relationship is generally size-specific in the pelagic food webs. Phytoplankton cell size structure can provide information on the successive levels of consumers and therefore on the energy that can flow towards the top consumers. This work focuses on phytoplankton cell size structure in a coastal lagoon (Cabras Lagoon, Italy) considered one of the most important for fishing productivity in the Mediterranean. The inter-annual and seasonal dynamics of picophytoplankton (Pico, cell size <3 μm) and Utermöhl Fraction of Phytoplankton (UFP, cell size >3 μm) were considered during almost three years in relation to the temporal dynamics of selected environmental variables and zooplankton. Small-sized cells with a mean linear cell size <10 μm and a mean cell volume <103 μm3 mainly represented UFP along the entire study period. This size class contributed the most to total phytoplankton biomass (up to 86%) and density (up to 99%) during the first part of the investigation period. A compositional change was detected: smaller species of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, filamentous Cyanophyceae, and autotrophic nanoflagellates thrived in the second part of the study, replacing larger Mediophyceae that dominated UFP at the beginning. Picocyanobacteria rich in phycocyanin were the dominant taxa of Pico along the entire investigation period and this size class contributed the most to total phytoplankton biomass (up to 30%) and density (up to 96%) at the end of the study. The observed shift towards different and even smaller UFP and Pico in the second part of the study was most probably due to complex interactions between top-down and bottom-up effects. Indeed, an increased temperature, a decreased salinity and decreased concentrations of nutrients (mainly ammonium and orthophosphate), as well as an increased grazing pressure of rotifers on the larger Mediophyceae were simultaneous with the changes detected in phytoplankton. The obtained results highlight a longer planktonic trophic web in Cabras Lagoon that includes small phytoplankton at the base, ciliates, rotifers, and copepods. This suggests low energy availability for planktivorous fish, with possible future relevant consequences for fishing activities in this coastal lagoon.
{"title":"Dominance of small-sized phytoplankton in a Mediterranean eutrophic coastal lagoon","authors":"S. Pulina, C. Satta, B. Padedda, J. Culurgioni, Riccardo Diciotti, N. Fois, A. Lugliè","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2023.11112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2023.11112","url":null,"abstract":"The predator-prey relationship is generally size-specific in the pelagic food webs. Phytoplankton cell size structure can provide information on the successive levels of consumers and therefore on the energy that can flow towards the top consumers. This work focuses on phytoplankton cell size structure in a coastal lagoon (Cabras Lagoon, Italy) considered one of the most important for fishing productivity in the Mediterranean. The inter-annual and seasonal dynamics of picophytoplankton (Pico, cell size <3 μm) and Utermöhl Fraction of Phytoplankton (UFP, cell size >3 μm) were considered during almost three years in relation to the temporal dynamics of selected environmental variables and zooplankton. Small-sized cells with a mean linear cell size <10 μm and a mean cell volume <103 μm3 mainly represented UFP along the entire study period. This size class contributed the most to total phytoplankton biomass (up to 86%) and density (up to 99%) during the first part of the investigation period. A compositional change was detected: smaller species of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, filamentous Cyanophyceae, and autotrophic nanoflagellates thrived in the second part of the study, replacing larger Mediophyceae that dominated UFP at the beginning. Picocyanobacteria rich in phycocyanin were the dominant taxa of Pico along the entire investigation period and this size class contributed the most to total phytoplankton biomass (up to 30%) and density (up to 96%) at the end of the study. The observed shift towards different and even smaller UFP and Pico in the second part of the study was most probably due to complex interactions between top-down and bottom-up effects. Indeed, an increased temperature, a decreased salinity and decreased concentrations of nutrients (mainly ammonium and orthophosphate), as well as an increased grazing pressure of rotifers on the larger Mediophyceae were simultaneous with the changes detected in phytoplankton. The obtained results highlight a longer planktonic trophic web in Cabras Lagoon that includes small phytoplankton at the base, ciliates, rotifers, and copepods. This suggests low energy availability for planktivorous fish, with possible future relevant consequences for fishing activities in this coastal lagoon.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44182334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The classic paradigm, not always unequivocal though, that seagrass macrobenthic abundance and diversity are greater than those in adjacent unvegetated areas, was tested in a Mediterranean lagoon for which evidence is lacking. We compared the community structure and species composition of macrobenthic assemblages in three distinct areas of the Mistras Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) dominated by i) the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Cym), ii) mixed-macrophyte/detritus (Mix), and iii) unvegetated sediments (Unv). Samplings were conducted in each area twice in spring (April and May) and twice in autumn (October and November) 2010. Multivariate analyses showed significant differences among the three areas and a marked separation between the two vegetated (Cym and Mix) and the unvegetated (Unv) areas. The top discriminating species, indicated by SIMPER analysis, were characterized by direct development lacking free living larvae. They included marine species, e.g. Cerithium lividulum, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa, Loripes orbiculatus and Gammarus aequicauda, at Cym vs Mix, whereas the pair discrimination of the areas Cym vs Unv and Mix vs Unv mostly depended on the marine Abra tenuis, the opportunistic Chironomidae and Capitella capitata, and the brackish Hydrobia acuta. Both vegetated areas showed a higher species number than the unvegetated area. Differently, abundance was higher in Unv than in Cym and Mix in all sampling dates, most notably in spring likely because of reproductive events, due to both opportunistic (C. capitata, chironomids) and halolimnobic (H. acuta, Cerastoderma glaucum) species. Overall, the present study demonstrated the importance of biological factors in structuring the macrobenthic assemblages of the Mistras Lagoon. Habitatforming phanerogams hosted species-rich assemblages, species-specific reproductive cycles and adaptive strategies contributed to drive species colonization and abundance distribution. Both vegetated and unvegetated patches were found to contribute greatly to the local-scale heterogeneity of the habitat, highlighting the importance of coastal lagoons as hotspots for benthic biodiversity. For these reasons, lagoons must be considered major targets for conservation measures.
{"title":"Macrobenthos of lagoon ecosystems: a comparison in vegetated and bare sediments","authors":"Paolo Magni, M. F. Gravina","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2023.11124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2023.11124","url":null,"abstract":"The classic paradigm, not always unequivocal though, that seagrass macrobenthic abundance and diversity are greater than those in adjacent unvegetated areas, was tested in a Mediterranean lagoon for which evidence is lacking. We compared the community structure and species composition of macrobenthic assemblages in three distinct areas of the Mistras Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) dominated by i) the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Cym), ii) mixed-macrophyte/detritus (Mix), and iii) unvegetated sediments (Unv). Samplings were conducted in each area twice in spring (April and May) and twice in autumn (October and November) 2010. Multivariate analyses showed significant differences among the three areas and a marked separation between the two vegetated (Cym and Mix) and the unvegetated (Unv) areas. The top discriminating species, indicated by SIMPER analysis, were characterized by direct development lacking free living larvae. They included marine species, e.g. Cerithium lividulum, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa, Loripes orbiculatus and Gammarus aequicauda, at Cym vs Mix, whereas the pair discrimination of the areas Cym vs Unv and Mix vs Unv mostly depended on the marine Abra tenuis, the opportunistic Chironomidae and Capitella capitata, and the brackish Hydrobia acuta. Both vegetated areas showed a higher species number than the unvegetated area. Differently, abundance was higher in Unv than in Cym and Mix in all sampling dates, most notably in spring likely because of reproductive events, due to both opportunistic (C. capitata, chironomids) and halolimnobic (H. acuta, Cerastoderma glaucum) species. Overall, the present study demonstrated the importance of biological factors in structuring the macrobenthic assemblages of the Mistras Lagoon. Habitatforming phanerogams hosted species-rich assemblages, species-specific reproductive cycles and adaptive strategies contributed to drive species colonization and abundance distribution. Both vegetated and unvegetated patches were found to contribute greatly to the local-scale heterogeneity of the habitat, highlighting the importance of coastal lagoons as hotspots for benthic biodiversity. For these reasons, lagoons must be considered major targets for conservation measures.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaielle R. Nascimento, Louizi S M Braghin, C. R. Cabral, Adriano Caliman, N. R. Simões
Species distribution is a combination of ecological, historical, stochastic, and evolutionary mechanisms, and is a process that has been severely impacted by anthropogenic activities. Freshwater zooplankton is adequate to assess that combination because it groups cosmopolitan and endemic species. We hypothesized that the spatial distribution of Diaphanosoma species is defined by a complex interaction between factors such as spatial limitation, limitation of environmental conditions, and ecological conditions. We georeferenced the occurrence of Diaphanosoma in Brazil to study the potential distribution of the species, preference of ecoregions, environmental features associated with Diaphanosoma, and their co-occurring patterns. Five species of Diaphanosoma are widely distributed in Brazil. D. spinulosum and D. birgei were widely distributed while D. fluviatile and D. polyspina had a more restricted distribution. The occurrences of Diaphanosoma species were shown to have an association with factors such as the total concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, pH and, temperature, except in the case of the D. brevireme. Our results show that geographic, environmental, and biotic filters can drive the spatial distribution of species of the genus Diaphanosoma. Therefore, the distribution and spatial occurrence of these species depend on dispersal capacity and spatial restrictions, suitability of the abiotic environment, and ecological interactions.
{"title":"Geographical, environmental, and biotic constraints define the spatial distribution of Diaphanosoma species (Cladocera)","authors":"Jaielle R. Nascimento, Louizi S M Braghin, C. R. Cabral, Adriano Caliman, N. R. Simões","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2023.10848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2023.10848","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution is a combination of ecological, historical, stochastic, and evolutionary mechanisms, and is a process that has been severely impacted by anthropogenic activities. Freshwater zooplankton is adequate to assess that combination because it groups cosmopolitan and endemic species. We hypothesized that the spatial distribution of Diaphanosoma species is defined by a complex interaction between factors such as spatial limitation, limitation of environmental conditions, and ecological conditions. We georeferenced the occurrence of Diaphanosoma in Brazil to study the potential distribution of the species, preference of ecoregions, environmental features associated with Diaphanosoma, and their co-occurring patterns. Five species of Diaphanosoma are widely distributed in Brazil. D. spinulosum and D. birgei were widely distributed while D. fluviatile and D. polyspina had a more restricted distribution. The occurrences of Diaphanosoma species were shown to have an association with factors such as the total concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, pH and, temperature, except in the case of the D. brevireme. Our results show that geographic, environmental, and biotic filters can drive the spatial distribution of species of the genus Diaphanosoma. Therefore, the distribution and spatial occurrence of these species depend on dispersal capacity and spatial restrictions, suitability of the abiotic environment, and ecological interactions.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48487148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Callieri, Raffaella Sabatino, A. Di Cesare, R. Bertoni
In the oligotrophic Lake Maggiore, the majority of picocyanobacteria are phycoerythrin-bearing Synechococcus-type belonging to cluster 5 (Pcy-5). Their distribution was followed in a seven-year study along a depth gradient from the surface down to 350 m in relation to Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and water temperature. Pcy-5 abundances exhibit pronounced inter-annual variability, showing years of high numerical abundances as well as years with low numbers. In the upper 20 m, Pcy-5 peaks at around 10-15 m and then progressively decreases. Here, the Pcy-5 presence has been outlined for the first time in the deep layers of a deep lake, thus opening an interesting discussion on these organisms’ survival mechanisms in the absence of the light needed to perform photosynthesis. The relation of Pcy-5 with extracellular microgels was significant in autumn, when peaks of both variables were observed. In the other seasons, TEP was correlated with temperature and Chl-a, indicating the autochthonous origin of this fraction.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal study of cluster 5 picocyanobacteria and exopolymeric microgels in Lake Maggiore","authors":"C. Callieri, Raffaella Sabatino, A. Di Cesare, R. Bertoni","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2022.11043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2022.11043","url":null,"abstract":"In the oligotrophic Lake Maggiore, the majority of picocyanobacteria are phycoerythrin-bearing Synechococcus-type belonging to cluster 5 (Pcy-5). Their distribution was followed in a seven-year study along a depth gradient from the surface down to 350 m in relation to Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and water temperature. Pcy-5 abundances exhibit pronounced inter-annual variability, showing years of high numerical abundances as well as years with low numbers. In the upper 20 m, Pcy-5 peaks at around 10-15 m and then progressively decreases. Here, the Pcy-5 presence has been outlined for the first time in the deep layers of a deep lake, thus opening an interesting discussion on these organisms’ survival mechanisms in the absence of the light needed to perform photosynthesis. The relation of Pcy-5 with extracellular microgels was significant in autumn, when peaks of both variables were observed. In the other seasons, TEP was correlated with temperature and Chl-a, indicating the autochthonous origin of this fraction.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Savoca, Dario Di Fresco, Alessio Alesci, G. Capillo, N. Spanò
Mucus secretion provides an interface with unique and multifunctional properties between the epithelial cells of many aquatic organisms and their surrounding environment. Indeed, mucus is involved in various essential biological processes including feeding, reproduction, osmoregulation, competition for space, defense against pathogens, xenobiotics, and a multitude of environmental stressors. The ability to produce a functional mucus layer is an important evolutionary step, arising first in Cnidaria that allowed for the development of the mucus-lined digestive cavity seen in higher metazoans. Mucus secretion by cnidarians has been moderately investigated in both corals and jellyfish, which among cnidarians are the ones that have shown the highest secretion rates to date. However, although in corals the production of mucus has received more attention, especially in view of the important ecological role played in coral reefs, in medusozoans the topic is little considered. Although the mucus secreted by corals has innumerable and important immunological, nutritional, and protective responsibilities, it should be remembered that jellyfish too represent a fundamental component of marine trophic web, playing numerous and important roles that are still unclear today. What is certain is that jellyfish are characterized (especially in the era of climate change) by large fluctuations in population density, the ecological implications of which are poorly understood. However, in both cases (Medusozoans and Anthozoans) to date some aspects relating to mucous secretions seem completely obscure, such as the microbiome and its variations as a function of environmental conditions or ontogenetic development, its implications in the field of immunological ecology, the consequent energy costs and finally the role played by the mucus in evolutionary terms. This review summarizes the properties, functions, ecological implications and evolutionary importance of mucus, in cnidarians, mainly focusing its roles in corals and jellyfish. Understanding these aspects relating to the ecological and evolutionary importance played by mucus is of fundamental importance for the ecosystems functioning.
{"title":"Mucus secretions in Cnidarian, an ecological, adaptive and evolutive tool","authors":"S. Savoca, Dario Di Fresco, Alessio Alesci, G. Capillo, N. Spanò","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2022.11054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2022.11054","url":null,"abstract":"Mucus secretion provides an interface with unique and multifunctional properties between the epithelial cells of many aquatic organisms and their surrounding environment. Indeed, mucus is involved in various essential biological processes including feeding, reproduction, osmoregulation, competition for space, defense against pathogens, xenobiotics, and a multitude of environmental stressors. The ability to produce a functional mucus layer is an important evolutionary step, arising first in Cnidaria that allowed for the development of the mucus-lined digestive cavity seen in higher metazoans. Mucus secretion by cnidarians has been moderately investigated in both corals and jellyfish, which among cnidarians are the ones that have shown the highest secretion rates to date. However, although in corals the production of mucus has received more attention, especially in view of the important ecological role played in coral reefs, in medusozoans the topic is little considered. Although the mucus secreted by corals has innumerable and important immunological, nutritional, and protective responsibilities, it should be remembered that jellyfish too represent a fundamental component of marine trophic web, playing numerous and important roles that are still unclear today. What is certain is that jellyfish are characterized (especially in the era of climate change) by large fluctuations in population density, the ecological implications of which are poorly understood. However, in both cases (Medusozoans and Anthozoans) to date some aspects relating to mucous secretions seem completely obscure, such as the microbiome and its variations as a function of environmental conditions or ontogenetic development, its implications in the field of immunological ecology, the consequent energy costs and finally the role played by the mucus in evolutionary terms. This review summarizes the properties, functions, ecological implications and evolutionary importance of mucus, in cnidarians, mainly focusing its roles in corals and jellyfish. Understanding these aspects relating to the ecological and evolutionary importance played by mucus is of fundamental importance for the ecosystems functioning.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural sciences usually proceed through the analysis of facts that are then assembled into a general framework, often called a “theory”. I have tried here to assemble the “tiny facts” that I have uncovered in my career and to organize them into a holistic perspective. I have chosen to start from the “big picture”, i.e., the functioning of ecosystems, to focus then on details regarding the expression of biodiversity, from the role of life cycles in ecosystem functioning, to the way of assessing biodiversity based on the accurate knowledge of its evolution in time. The Historical Biodiversity Index allows to compare the potential biodiversity (all the species recorded from the studied habitat type) with the realized biodiversity (the species found by sampling in that habitat). The study of natural history might lead to unexpected ecological connections, such as the dynamics of plankton (the most important ecological phenomenon of the whole planet) and the composition of resting stage banks, or the keystone role of the interstitial fauna in determining the diversity of plankton. The oceanic realm is in three dimensions and must be considered as a volume rather than as an area. Living systems, though, change constantly and a fourth dimension (time) is crucial to understand their structure and function. The cells of ecosystem functioning, based on connectivity, are proposed as natural spatial units for both management and protection from human impacts.
{"title":"Linking ecosystems, habitats, and biodiversity: from the grand picture to the tiny details, and back","authors":"F. Boero","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2022.11079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2022.11079","url":null,"abstract":"Natural sciences usually proceed through the analysis of facts that are then assembled into a general framework, often called a “theory”. I have tried here to assemble the “tiny facts” that I have uncovered in my career and to organize them into a holistic perspective. I have chosen to start from the “big picture”, i.e., the functioning of ecosystems, to focus then on details regarding the expression of biodiversity, from the role of life cycles in ecosystem functioning, to the way of assessing biodiversity based on the accurate knowledge of its evolution in time. The Historical Biodiversity Index allows to compare the potential biodiversity (all the species recorded from the studied habitat type) with the realized biodiversity (the species found by sampling in that habitat). The study of natural history might lead to unexpected ecological connections, such as the dynamics of plankton (the most important ecological phenomenon of the whole planet) and the composition of resting stage banks, or the keystone role of the interstitial fauna in determining the diversity of plankton. The oceanic realm is in three dimensions and must be considered as a volume rather than as an area. Living systems, though, change constantly and a fourth dimension (time) is crucial to understand their structure and function. The cells of ecosystem functioning, based on connectivity, are proposed as natural spatial units for both management and protection from human impacts.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Lepori, Bianca Lucchini, C. Capelli, Federica Rotta
The restoration of eutrophic lakes requires the identification of phosphorus objectives, i.e., the phosphorus reductions needed to achieve desired water quality goals. Due to inherent uncertainty, phosphorus objectives need periodic revision as the restoration progresses. We used monitoring data from a deep southern Alpine lake (Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy) to assess restoration progress and revise the current phosphorus objective of 30 mg m–3. Because one basin of the lake is meromictic (North basin) and the other is holomictic (South basin), restoration focussed on the mixolimnion for the North basin and the entire water column for the South basin. Time series analyses indicated that, thanks to restoration, phosphorus concentrations in the lake declined to values compliant with the objective (~20-30 mg m–3). In contrast, little progress was observed towards achieving the main water quality goals (chlorophyll a ≤4 mg m–3, primary production ≤150 g C m–2 year–1 and oxygen concentrations ≥4 mg L–1). Using predictive models, we estimated that achieving these goals requires a phosphorus objective of <10 mg m–3, which would bring the lake back to the original oligotrophic state. The concentration of <10 mg m–3 is lower than the objectives predicted for other (mainly northern) deep Alpine lakes. The apparent sensitivity of Lake Lugano, which we attribute to unfavorable hydrodynamic conditions common in lakes south of the Alps (weak mixing and long stratification), calls for particularly attentive phosphorus management.
富营养化湖泊的恢复需要确定含磷目标，即实现理想水质目标所需的磷减少量。由于其固有的不确定性，磷指标需要在恢复过程中定期修正。我们利用南部阿尔卑斯深湖(卢加诺湖，瑞士和意大利)的监测数据来评估恢复进展，并修改了目前30 mg m-3的磷目标。由于该湖泊的一个盆地是分生的(北盆地)，另一个盆地是全生的(南盆地)，因此恢复的重点是北盆地和南盆地的整个水柱的混合。时间序列分析表明，由于恢复，湖中磷浓度下降到符合目标值(~20 ~ 30 mg m-3)。相比之下，在实现主要水质目标(叶绿素a≤4 mg m-3，初级产量≤150 g C m-2 year-1和氧浓度≥4 mg L-1)方面进展甚微。利用预测模型，我们估计实现这些目标需要磷的目标<10 mg m-3，这将使湖泊恢复到原来的少营养状态。<10 mg m-3的浓度低于其他(主要是北部)深高山湖泊的预测目标。卢加诺湖的明显敏感性，我们将其归因于阿尔卑斯山南部湖泊常见的不利水动力条件(弱混合和长分层)，要求特别注意磷管理。
{"title":"Mesotrophy is not enough: Re-assessing phosphorus objectives for the restoration of a deep Alpine lake (Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy)","authors":"F. Lepori, Bianca Lucchini, C. Capelli, Federica Rotta","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2022.11061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2022.11061","url":null,"abstract":"The restoration of eutrophic lakes requires the identification of phosphorus objectives, i.e., the phosphorus reductions needed to achieve desired water quality goals. Due to inherent uncertainty, phosphorus objectives need periodic revision as the restoration progresses. We used monitoring data from a deep southern Alpine lake (Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy) to assess restoration progress and revise the current phosphorus objective of 30 mg m–3. Because one basin of the lake is meromictic (North basin) and the other is holomictic (South basin), restoration focussed on the mixolimnion for the North basin and the entire water column for the South basin. Time series analyses indicated that, thanks to restoration, phosphorus concentrations in the lake declined to values compliant with the objective (~20-30 mg m–3). In contrast, little progress was observed towards achieving the main water quality goals (chlorophyll a ≤4 mg m–3, primary production ≤150 g C m–2 year–1 and oxygen concentrations ≥4 mg L–1). Using predictive models, we estimated that achieving these goals requires a phosphorus objective of <10 mg m–3, which would bring the lake back to the original oligotrophic state. The concentration of <10 mg m–3 is lower than the objectives predicted for other (mainly northern) deep Alpine lakes. The apparent sensitivity of Lake Lugano, which we attribute to unfavorable hydrodynamic conditions common in lakes south of the Alps (weak mixing and long stratification), calls for particularly attentive phosphorus management.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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