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From Plastered Skulls to Palliative Care: What the Past Can Teach Us About Dealing with Death 从石膏头骨到姑息治疗:过去能教给我们如何处理死亡
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.147
L. Büster, K. Croucher, J. Dayes, L. Green, C. Faull
Modern, advanced healthcare detects and monitors long-term and life-limiting illness more comprehensively than ever before. Death is now, however, often considered as medical failure, and is a virtually taboo topic of conversation in daily life. At a time when the relevance of archaeology is under scrutiny, the AHRC-funded ‘Continuing Bonds’ project – a collaboration between archaeology and palliative care – explores the potential of the past to promote discussion. Not only does archaeology illuminate the diversity of practice surrounding death, the past provides a safe, distanced platform for considering death, dying and bereavement today. Through archaeological and ethnographic case studies, healthcare professionals explore topics such as place, choice and identity, in both personal and professional life. This paper explores some of the most thought-provoking materials and participant responses, and discusses the implications for contemporary society and for the ways in which archaeologists interpret mortuary practices of the past.
现代先进的医疗保健比以往任何时候都更全面地检测和监测长期和限制生命的疾病。然而,死亡现在通常被认为是医疗失败,实际上是日常生活中禁忌的话题。在考古学的相关性受到严格审查的时候,ahrc资助的“持续联系”项目-考古学和姑息治疗之间的合作-探索了过去促进讨论的潜力。考古学不仅阐明了与死亡有关的实践的多样性,而且为今天思考死亡、临终和丧亲之痛提供了一个安全、遥远的平台。通过考古和人种学案例研究,医疗保健专业人员在个人和职业生活中探索地点、选择和身份等主题。本文探讨了一些最发人深省的材料和参与者的反应,并讨论了对当代社会的影响,以及考古学家解释过去殡葬实践的方式。
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引用次数: 11
An Empty Graveyard: The Victims of the 1946 AOA DC-4 Crash, Their Final Resting Place, and Dark Tourism 空旷的墓地:1946年美国航空公司DC-4坠毁的受害者,他们最后的安息之地和黑暗旅游
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.166
L. Daly
In 2013, archaeologists succeeded in locating a plane crash that had been presumed buried based on local stories. The aircraft had crashed into a steep hill, subsequently known as Crash Hill. On the summit is a deteriorated memorial which resembles a cemetery, marking the thirty-nine people who died in the 1946 tragedy. This memorial has been a spot of pilgrimage for family and an attraction for adventure seekers. This draw to dark tourism sites is not uncommon but since archaeologists shared their finds with the public through social and local media, many of those visitors are drawn to the crash site instead of the memorial. This is a problem as there are possibly mass graves at the crash site, and visitation can potentially disturb those remains. This article argues for caution when discussing finds publically and for the repair and restoration of the memorial at the top of the hill to fill the want to visit a site of tragedy without disturbing the actual crash site.
2013年,考古学家成功地找到了一架飞机坠毁的地点,根据当地的故事,这架飞机被认为被埋葬了。这架飞机撞上了一座陡峭的山丘,后来被称为Crash hill。山顶上有一座破旧的纪念碑,类似墓地,纪念在1946年的悲剧中丧生的39人。这座纪念碑一直是家庭朝圣的地方,也是探险者的景点。这种对黑暗旅游景点的吸引并不罕见,但由于考古学家通过社交和当地媒体与公众分享了他们的发现,许多游客被吸引到坠机现场,而不是纪念馆。这是一个问题,因为坠机现场可能有乱葬岗,探访可能会扰乱这些遗骸。本文认为,在公开讨论发现时要谨慎,并建议对山顶的纪念碑进行修复和修复,以填补在不干扰实际坠机现场的情况下参观悲剧现场的愿望。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Remains Made Public: Sharing the dead online and our future digital mortuary landscape 数字遗骸公开:在线分享死者和我们未来的数字太平间景观
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.162
Priscilla Ulguim
We live in the information age, and our lives are increasingly digitized. Our quotidian has been transformed over the last fifty years by the adoption of innovative networking and computing technology. The digital world presents opportunities for public archaeology to engage, inform and interact with people globally. Yet, as more personal data are published online, there are growing concerns over privacy, security, and the long-term implications of sharing digital information. These concerns extend beyond the living, to the dead, and are thus important considerations for archaeologists who share the stories of past people online. This analysis argues that the ‘born-digital’ records of humanity may be considered as public digital mortuary landscapes, representing death, memorialization and commemoration. The potential for the analysis of digital data from these spaces could result in a phenomenon approaching immortality, whereby artificial intelligence is applied to the data of the dead. This paper investigates the ethics of a digital public archaeology of the dead while considering the future of our digital lives as mnemonic spaces, and their implications for the living.Ulguim, P. F. 2018. Digital Remains Made Public: Sharing the Dead Online and Our Future Digital Mortuary Landscape. AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 8(2):153. https://doi.org/10.23914/ap.v8i2.162
我们生活在信息时代,我们的生活越来越数字化。在过去的50年里,由于采用了创新的网络和计算技术,我们的日常生活已经发生了变化。数字世界为公共考古学提供了与全球人民接触、交流和互动的机会。然而,随着越来越多的个人数据在网上发布,人们越来越担心隐私、安全以及共享数字信息的长期影响。这些担忧超越了生者,延伸到了死者,因此对于在网上分享过去人们故事的考古学家来说,这是重要的考虑因素。这一分析认为,人类“出生的数字”记录可以被视为公共数字太平间景观,代表死亡、纪念和纪念。从这些空间中分析数字数据的潜力可能会导致一种接近永生的现象,即人工智能被应用于死者的数据。本文探讨了死者的数字公共考古学的伦理,同时考虑到我们作为记忆空间的数字生活的未来,以及它们对生活的影响。吴金平,2018。数字遗骸公开:在线分享死者和我们未来的数字太平间景观。[j] .现代考古学报,21(2):393。https://doi.org/10.23914/ap.v8i2.162
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引用次数: 9
Digital Public Mortuary Archaeology via 3D Modelling: The Pago del Jarafi Cemetery (Granada, Spain) 通过3D建模的数字公共太平间考古:Pago del Jarafi公墓(西班牙格拉纳达)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/ap.v8i2.151
Pablo Romero Pellitero, Lara Delgado Anés, J. M. Martín Civantos
One of the main goals of the MEMOLA research project's open-area excavation at Pago del Jarafí (Lanteira, Granada, Spain) was to promote knowledge socialisation by means of imparting information and public participation. The site, a multi-phased rural settlement with cemeteries of different chronologies and cultural affinities, was subject to a complete 3D photogrammetric survey, a tool serving to develop virtual models both to interpret the excavation and subsequently transmit the results to the public – so as to raise their level of engagement - via social networks and websites. Burials, in particular, are features that attract the local population to the site and arouse both a demand for information and site preservation. 3D modelling of the burials is thus a digital resource bearing a high scientific and social potential when integrated in a strategy reaching beyond the technical aspects. This paper therefore considers the 3D modelling of burials as an innovative form of digital public mortuary archaeology.
MEMOLA研究项目在Pago del Jarafí(西班牙格拉纳达Lanteira)的开放区域挖掘的主要目标之一是通过传递信息和公众参与来促进知识社会化。该遗址是一个多阶段的农村定居点,拥有不同年代和文化亲和力的墓地,是一个完整的3D摄影测量调查的对象,这是一个用于开发虚拟模型的工具,既可以解释挖掘结果,又可以通过社交网络和网站将结果传递给公众,从而提高他们的参与水平。特别是墓葬,是吸引当地居民来到遗址的特色,既唤起了对信息的需求,又唤起了对遗址保护的需求。因此,墓葬的3D建模是一种数字资源,当与超越技术方面的战略相结合时,具有很高的科学和社会潜力。因此,本文认为墓葬的三维建模是数字公共太平间考古的一种创新形式。
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引用次数: 1
Public Archaeology of Church Monuments “教堂古迹公共考古
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.156
Carly McEvoy
Church monuments within the parish church can provide a wealth of information to the public about the history of that community as well as broader social themes. However, traditionally, publicity available on monuments can be limited and churches operate disparate levels of public access and engagement. Where such access and information is available there is a tendency to focus on the most elaborate and anthropomorphic styles, such as effigies, with a concentration on who they represent. This article will consider why church monuments may be important to communities, and the impediments the public may face when engaging with church monuments, ranging from practical reasons such as accessibility, to the provision of misinformation, selective information, or the lack of any resources being provided. Finally, the article will consider how information about, and engagement with, funerary monuments within the parish church setting is consistent, well researched, and publicly available via digital and non-digital media.
教区教堂内的教堂纪念碑可以向公众提供有关该社区历史以及更广泛的社会主题的丰富信息。然而,传统上,纪念碑上的宣传是有限的,教堂的公众访问和参与程度是不同的。在有这种途径和资料的地方,有一种倾向,即集中于最精细和拟人化的风格,例如雕像,并着重于它们所代表的人物。本文将考虑为什么教堂纪念碑可能对社区很重要,以及公众在参与教堂纪念碑时可能面临的障碍,从实际原因(如可访问性)到提供错误信息、选择性信息或缺乏任何资源。最后,本文将考虑有关教区教堂内葬礼纪念碑的信息和参与如何保持一致,充分研究,并通过数字和非数字媒体公开提供。
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引用次数: 0
After Life: Engaging Museum Visitors with the Theme of Death and Remembrance 生命之后:以死亡和纪念为主题吸引博物馆参观者
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.153
Ben Paites, E. Reeve
In August 2015, three pottery vessels were discovered in the River Colne in Colchester’s Castle Park. After discussion with the local Hindu temple, these objects were identified as Hindu vessels used during death rites, and subsequently they were entered into the collection of Colchester + Ipswich Museums. These finds acted as a catalyst for an exhibition called After Life, which deployed the wider museum collections, including its archaeological artefacts, to explore through the themes of Body, Soul and Mourning, how people engaged with death in the past and how they continue to do so. This article outlines the public engagement activities conducted during the development of the exhibition, an overview of the exhibition itself, and a discussion of the ‘Death Café’ public event, which took place in the museum during the run of the show. As such, the article offers a case study in public mortuary archaeology in the museum environment.
2015年8月,在科尔切斯特城堡公园的科尔恩河中发现了三艘陶罐。在与当地的印度教寺庙讨论后,这些物品被确定为印度教在死亡仪式中使用的容器,随后它们被科尔切斯特和伊普斯维奇博物馆收藏。这些发现成为一个名为“生命之后”的展览的催化剂,该展览利用了更广泛的博物馆藏品,包括考古文物,通过身体,灵魂和哀悼的主题探索过去人们如何与死亡打交道,以及他们如何继续这样做。本文概述了在展览发展过程中进行的公众参与活动,概述了展览本身,并讨论了在展览运行期间在博物馆发生的“死亡咖啡馆”公共活动。因此,本文提供了一个博物馆环境下公共太平间考古的案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Public Archaeologies of Death and Memory 简介:死亡与记忆的公共考古学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.229
H. Williams
This Introduction to AP’s third special issue seeks to provide context and rationale to the study of ‘public mortuary archaeology’ before reviewing the development of the volume. Building on the presentations of the first Public Archaeology Twitter Conference of April 2017, these articles comprise a wide range of original analyses reflecting on the public archaeology of death, including evaluations of fieldwork contexts, churches and museums. These articles are joined by discussions of the digital dimensions to public mortuary archaeology, an appraisal of ancient and modern DNA research as public mortuary archaeology, and the relationship between mortuary archaeology and palliative care. Together, the articles constitute the state of current thinking on the public archaeology of death, burial and commemoration.
本导论美联社的第三期特刊,旨在提供背景和理论基础,研究“公共太平间考古学”之前,审查的发展卷。在2017年4月第一届公共考古推特会议的演讲基础上,这些文章包含了广泛的原始分析,反映了死亡的公共考古学,包括对实地工作背景、教堂和博物馆的评估。这些文章还讨论了公共太平间考古学的数字维度,对古代和现代DNA研究作为公共太平间考古学的评价,以及太平间考古学与姑息治疗之间的关系。这些文章共同构成了当前关于死亡、埋葬和纪念的公共考古的思考状态。
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引用次数: 2
Public Engagement through Burial Landscapes: Cupids and Ferryland, Newfoundland 公众参与通过埋葬景观:丘比特和Ferryland,纽芬兰
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.146
Robyn S. Lacy
British occupation of Newfoundland dates to the early 1600s with the founding of settlements such as Cupids and Ferryland. While records of deaths exist at both colonies, their seventeenth-century burial grounds have not been located. Historic burial grounds in Newfoundland come with certain characteristic features: surviving gravestones in a rocky landscape, views of the ocean, and often a large cross on top of a hill. Though not visible at the sites in question, these ‘lost’ burial landscapes can be employed as an engagement tool by archaeologists. By exploring a ‘lost’ burial landscape with visitors, a dialogue is opened to speculate where the settlers were buried and why. While indirect, discussing these themes with visitors provokes thought on historic vs. modern burial practices and acknowledges the seventeenth-century dead within the context of the modern landscape. This article aims to explore the use of burial landscapes to engage visitors in a conversation about early colonial history, but also about mortality in both historic and modern contexts.
英国对纽芬兰的占领可以追溯到17世纪早期,当时建立了丘比特和费里兰等定居点。虽然这两个殖民地都有死亡记录,但他们17世纪的墓地还没有找到。纽芬兰的历史墓地具有某些特征:岩石景观中幸存的墓碑,海洋景观,山顶上通常有一个大十字架。虽然这些“遗失”的墓葬景观在这些遗址中不可见,但它们可以被考古学家用作一种交流工具。通过与游客一起探索“失落”的埋葬景观,开启了一场对话,以推测定居者被埋葬的地方和原因。虽然是间接的,但与游客讨论这些主题引发了对历史与现代埋葬习俗的思考,并在现代景观的背景下承认了17世纪的死者。本文旨在探索墓葬景观的使用,以吸引游客参与有关早期殖民历史的对话,以及历史和现代背景下的死亡率。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring your Inner Hades: DNA as Mortuary Archaeology 探索你的内心地狱:DNA作为太平间考古学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.160
Thomas J. Booth
Two revolutions in using human genetics to investigate the past are beginning to have a profound effect on how the public regard heritage and their connection to it. Direct-to-consumer genetic ancestry tests (GATs) are becoming a popular way for the public to explore their familial history and ancestry. Major advances in ancient DNA methods mean that the field is beginning to live up to its early promise. Both of these analyses can be considered forms of public mortuary archaeology in how they are perceived to provide an individual an interface with their recent and more ancient ancestors, their own personal Hades, referring to the Ancient Greek home of the dead. GATs are useful for resolving genealogy and determining the origins of an individual’s recent ancestors, but have been criticized for reifying differences between populations, failing to give clear guidance on how they should be interpreted and making exaggerated links to historic groups of people that are at the heart of genetically determinist nationalistic origin myths. Recent palaeogenomic studies of prehistoric Europeans have found evidence for population discontinuity that will have repercussions for the public’s perception of archaeological mortuary sites and the communities who built them. Public archaeologists are going to have to engage increasingly with these types of data to combat the misappropriation of genetic results in defining rights and affinities to archaeological heritage.
利用人类遗传学研究过去的两场革命开始对公众如何看待遗产及其与遗产的联系产生深远的影响。直接面向消费者的基因祖先测试(GATs)正成为公众探索其家族历史和祖先的一种流行方式。古代DNA方法的重大进展意味着该领域开始实现其早期的承诺。这两种分析都可以被认为是公共太平间考古学的形式,因为它们被认为是如何为个人提供与他们最近和更古老的祖先的界面,他们自己的个人地狱,指的是古希腊死者的家。关贸总协定在解决家谱问题和确定个人最近祖先的起源方面很有用,但一直被批评为将人群之间的差异具体化,未能就如何解释它们给出明确的指导,并夸大了与历史人群的联系,而这些联系是基因决定主义民族主义起源神话的核心。最近对史前欧洲人的古基因组学研究发现了人口不连续性的证据,这将对公众对考古墓地和建造它们的社区的看法产生影响。公共考古学家将不得不越来越多地与这些类型的数据打交道,以打击在定义考古遗产的权利和亲和力时滥用基因结果的行为。
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引用次数: 3
Open Data as Public Archaeology: The Monumental Archive Project 开放数据作为公共考古:纪念性档案项目
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.23914/AP.V8I2.152
Katherine Cook
The value of open data is transforming archaeological practice while also introducing new concerns relating to the ethics of studying the dead. This paper uses the Monumental Archive Project, recently launched as a public database of cemetery records from Barbados, as a case study to critically examine the realities of platforms created to bring together academic and general audiences in open mortuary archaeology. Digital literacy and support structures are significant barriers to digital data within the discipline, while the impact of open data on the public(s) that archaeologists seek to engage and collaborate with is rarely considered let alone measured. Is it possible to serve diverse audiences with a single platform? What are the implications (social, ethical, emotional) for sharing cemetery data? When digitizing the dead, strategies in platform design, marketing and communication for public interest and use becomes even more complex and necessitates further attention.
开放数据的价值正在改变考古实践,同时也引入了与研究死者伦理有关的新问题。本文使用纪念性档案项目作为巴巴多斯墓地记录的公共数据库,作为一个案例研究,以批判性地审视为将公开的太平间考古学的学术和普通受众聚集在一起而创建的平台的现实。数字素养和支持结构是学科内数字数据的重大障碍,而开放数据对考古学家寻求参与和合作的公众的影响很少被考虑,更不用说测量了。是否有可能通过单一平台为不同的用户提供服务?分享墓地数据的含义(社会、伦理、情感)是什么?在将死者数字化的过程中,面向公众利益和使用的平台设计、营销和传播策略变得更加复杂,需要进一步关注。
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引用次数: 1
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AP Arqueologia Publica
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