Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791344
Yusuke Takido, S. Mochizuki, Yuichi Takahashi, K. Ajiki, Tomohiro Owaku, Masayuki Seto, N. Nakamura, Tomohiro Warigaya, Tetsushi Watanabe, Kazunori Takagi, Tetsuaki Ikeda, Hideo Kikuchi
In order to determine the deterioration of an arrester used in bullet train electricity feeding, it is effective to capture changes in the current of the resistance in the leakage current that flows through the grounding cable of the arrester. However, it is difficult to measure current of the resistance directly. In this research, we devised a principle for the detection of changes in current of the resistance by obtaining a leakage current that can be measured using the grounding cable of an arrester at an arbitrary date and time, and by calculating the difference with a reference leakage current. We have also developed a leakage current monitoring device for arrester by applying this principle to measure the current of the resistance at a bullet train substation.
{"title":"Development of leakage current monitoring device for arrester","authors":"Yusuke Takido, S. Mochizuki, Yuichi Takahashi, K. Ajiki, Tomohiro Owaku, Masayuki Seto, N. Nakamura, Tomohiro Warigaya, Tetsushi Watanabe, Kazunori Takagi, Tetsuaki Ikeda, Hideo Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791344","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the deterioration of an arrester used in bullet train electricity feeding, it is effective to capture changes in the current of the resistance in the leakage current that flows through the grounding cable of the arrester. However, it is difficult to measure current of the resistance directly. In this research, we devised a principle for the detection of changes in current of the resistance by obtaining a leakage current that can be measured using the grounding cable of an arrester at an arbitrary date and time, and by calculating the difference with a reference leakage current. We have also developed a leakage current monitoring device for arrester by applying this principle to measure the current of the resistance at a bullet train substation.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122988544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791354
K. Arzag, Z. Azzouz, B. Ghemri
In this paper we present an extensive comparison between the uses of two formulations related to the finite differences time domain method in three dimensions (3D-FDTD) applied to the lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) analysis. Electromagnetic models are implemented for the representation of the lightning return stroke current. Thus, the first formulation is based on the implementation of the Yee algorithm using perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary conditions. The second formulation consists on the integration of Taflove formulation in the 3D-FDTD method using uniaxial perfectly matched layers (UPML) boundary conditions. For that effect, two computational electromagnetic codes have been developed, in Matlab programming environment, in order to determine the lightning return stroke current distribution and associated electromagnetic field components. Finally, for validation needs, the obtained simulation results, especially the lightning vertical electric field and the magnetic flux density, are compared with measured results taken from specialized literature.
{"title":"Lightning electromagnetic pulse simulation using 3D-FDTD method (Comparison between PEC and UPLMBoundary Conditions)","authors":"K. Arzag, Z. Azzouz, B. Ghemri","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791354","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an extensive comparison between the uses of two formulations related to the finite differences time domain method in three dimensions (3D-FDTD) applied to the lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) analysis. Electromagnetic models are implemented for the representation of the lightning return stroke current. Thus, the first formulation is based on the implementation of the Yee algorithm using perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary conditions. The second formulation consists on the integration of Taflove formulation in the 3D-FDTD method using uniaxial perfectly matched layers (UPML) boundary conditions. For that effect, two computational electromagnetic codes have been developed, in Matlab programming environment, in order to determine the lightning return stroke current distribution and associated electromagnetic field components. Finally, for validation needs, the obtained simulation results, especially the lightning vertical electric field and the magnetic flux density, are compared with measured results taken from specialized literature.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126484302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791352
K. Ishimoto, Ryota Mori, A. Asakawa
In Japan, the introduction of smart meters into distribution systems has recently been accelerating. Since smart meters are low-voltage electronic equipment, they are considered to be vulnerable to disturbances such as lightning surge. In this study, we first experimentally examined the lighting failure of smart meters caused by a transient magnetic field. Then, we calculated the lightning damage rate of a smart meter due to a magnetic field by lightning surge analysis. To improve the lightning performance of smart meters, it is effective to ensure a suitable relationship between the bus conductor and the processing unit inside the smart meter.
{"title":"Estimation of damage rate of electronic watt-hour meters caused by transient magnetic field due to direct lightning strokes to distribution line","authors":"K. Ishimoto, Ryota Mori, A. Asakawa","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791352","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, the introduction of smart meters into distribution systems has recently been accelerating. Since smart meters are low-voltage electronic equipment, they are considered to be vulnerable to disturbances such as lightning surge. In this study, we first experimentally examined the lighting failure of smart meters caused by a transient magnetic field. Then, we calculated the lightning damage rate of a smart meter due to a magnetic field by lightning surge analysis. To improve the lightning performance of smart meters, it is effective to ensure a suitable relationship between the bus conductor and the processing unit inside the smart meter.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791449
J. Montanyà, O. A. van der Velde, A. Domingo-Dalmau, N. Pineda, O. Argemí, A. Salvador
Negative downward leaders that produced lightning strokes to wind turbines are identified by means of the Lightning Mapping Array data of the Ebro Valley Laboratory (NE Spain). Four cases are analyzed together with weather radar imagery. All flashes hitting wind turbines were originated in small convective cells with moderate development. Notwithstanding the moderate convection, all cases occurred under what can be called “out of season conditions”, where the “charging zone” is located closer to the ground and may favour downward leaders to tall structures. Cloud charge structures showed negative region from 3 km to more than 5 km with a low positive charge below (not always detectable).
{"title":"Lightning mapping observations of downward lightning flashes to wind turbines","authors":"J. Montanyà, O. A. van der Velde, A. Domingo-Dalmau, N. Pineda, O. Argemí, A. Salvador","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791449","url":null,"abstract":"Negative downward leaders that produced lightning strokes to wind turbines are identified by means of the Lightning Mapping Array data of the Ebro Valley Laboratory (NE Spain). Four cases are analyzed together with weather radar imagery. All flashes hitting wind turbines were originated in small convective cells with moderate development. Notwithstanding the moderate convection, all cases occurred under what can be called “out of season conditions”, where the “charging zone” is located closer to the ground and may favour downward leaders to tall structures. Cloud charge structures showed negative region from 3 km to more than 5 km with a low positive charge below (not always detectable).","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116699923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791439
M. Shigihara, A. Piantini
This paper presents an application of novel method in order to assess the characteristic of volt-time curves based on Disruptive Effect Model. The tests were performed on a pin-type, porcelain insulator of 24 kV class. Besides the standard 1.2/50 μs impulse voltage waveshape, four non-standard impulse waveshapes, of both polarities, were adopted in the tests, namely 1.2/4 ms, 1.2/10 ms, 3/10 μs, and 7.5/30 μs. The volt-time characteristics obtained from the tests were compared with those predicted by three different procedures related to the Disruptive Effect Model. The results show that the methods by Darveniza and Vlastos and by Hileman do not predict insulator breakdown for the lower peak voltage levels in some cases. On the other hand, a good agreement was found between theoretical and experimental results for the calculations performed using the method proposed by the authors.
{"title":"Volt-time curves of 24 kV porcelain insulators under non-standard impulse waveshapes","authors":"M. Shigihara, A. Piantini","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791439","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an application of novel method in order to assess the characteristic of volt-time curves based on Disruptive Effect Model. The tests were performed on a pin-type, porcelain insulator of 24 kV class. Besides the standard 1.2/50 μs impulse voltage waveshape, four non-standard impulse waveshapes, of both polarities, were adopted in the tests, namely 1.2/4 ms, 1.2/10 ms, 3/10 μs, and 7.5/30 μs. The volt-time characteristics obtained from the tests were compared with those predicted by three different procedures related to the Disruptive Effect Model. The results show that the methods by Darveniza and Vlastos and by Hileman do not predict insulator breakdown for the lower peak voltage levels in some cases. On the other hand, a good agreement was found between theoretical and experimental results for the calculations performed using the method proposed by the authors.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791373
S. Vogel, J. Holbøll, Javier López, A. C. Garolera, S. Madsen
In this paper, the meteorological data of cold season thunderstorms in Japan and Spain are reviewed to determine the threshold conditions at which cold season lightning was recorded in the past. The variables investigated are the height of the -10°C and 0°C isotherms above ground, the wind velocity, the precipitable water in the cloud, and the wind direction. Meteorological data of 72 radio sounding stations in Europe is analyzed for a 5 year period (2009-2014) in the months from October until March. Based on this information, a European map has been created indicating areas where the meteorological conditions for self-triggered upward lightning, as being observed in Japan and Spain, are identified. This map may give an indication if a potential wind power plant or structure has the risk to be affected by frequent lightning attachments in the cold season which are predominantly upward initiated. The advantage of using meteorological parameters to define cold season thunderstorm areas is the independence of Lightning Location Systems (LLS), which are limited to detect upward lightning. Additionally, meteorological data is publicly available.
{"title":"European cold season lightning map for wind turbines based on radio soundings","authors":"S. Vogel, J. Holbøll, Javier López, A. C. Garolera, S. Madsen","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791373","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the meteorological data of cold season thunderstorms in Japan and Spain are reviewed to determine the threshold conditions at which cold season lightning was recorded in the past. The variables investigated are the height of the -10°C and 0°C isotherms above ground, the wind velocity, the precipitable water in the cloud, and the wind direction. Meteorological data of 72 radio sounding stations in Europe is analyzed for a 5 year period (2009-2014) in the months from October until March. Based on this information, a European map has been created indicating areas where the meteorological conditions for self-triggered upward lightning, as being observed in Japan and Spain, are identified. This map may give an indication if a potential wind power plant or structure has the risk to be affected by frequent lightning attachments in the cold season which are predominantly upward initiated. The advantage of using meteorological parameters to define cold season thunderstorm areas is the independence of Lightning Location Systems (LLS), which are limited to detect upward lightning. Additionally, meteorological data is publicly available.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123841432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791403
M. Izadi, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Mohamad Syahmi Ab Rahman, M. R. Mehrjou, M. Hajikhani
In this paper, the effect of insulator angle with respect to the cross arm on the electrical performance of a polymer insulator under lightning impulse voltage condition was studied and the results discussed accordingly. An insulator angle with the cross arm of other than 90° is usually due to defects in the connections or being under pressure from the line angles and it can be an important issue for the stability of the line against lightning. The results show that the insulator angle can play an important role in increasing the electric fields around insulator and thus increase the chance of electrical breakdown of the insulator.
{"title":"On the effect of insulator angle with respect to the cross arm on the distribution of lightning electric fields","authors":"M. Izadi, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Mohamad Syahmi Ab Rahman, M. R. Mehrjou, M. Hajikhani","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791403","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of insulator angle with respect to the cross arm on the electrical performance of a polymer insulator under lightning impulse voltage condition was studied and the results discussed accordingly. An insulator angle with the cross arm of other than 90° is usually due to defects in the connections or being under pressure from the line angles and it can be an important issue for the stability of the line against lightning. The results show that the insulator angle can play an important role in increasing the electric fields around insulator and thus increase the chance of electrical breakdown of the insulator.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131178009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791505
Yuichi Yoshida, M. Setoguchi, K. Ishimoto, A. Asakawa, Satoshi Nakamura
Recently, current-limiting arcing horn with zinc oxide elements have been installed on distribution lines as lightning protection equipment. In this paper, we show an analytical study of rational lightning protection measures with the above equipment on power distribution lines using the assessment method of lightning risk.
{"title":"A study of rational lightning protection measures for power distribution lines in the Chugoku region","authors":"Yuichi Yoshida, M. Setoguchi, K. Ishimoto, A. Asakawa, Satoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791505","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, current-limiting arcing horn with zinc oxide elements have been installed on distribution lines as lightning protection equipment. In this paper, we show an analytical study of rational lightning protection measures with the above equipment on power distribution lines using the assessment method of lightning risk.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133260610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791445
Z. G. Datsios, P. Mikropoulos
Soil ionization, that is, electrical discharges developing in ground, occurs due to the high electric field associated mainly with lightning currents. Despite having attracted a great interest among researchers from the beginning of the 20th century, soil ionization is far from being completely understood owing to the complex nature and structure of soil. This study investigates breakdown of several dry natural silica sand samples in a quasi-uniform electric field electrode arrangement under standard lightning impulse voltages. The dependence of sand breakdown gradient and time delay on the grain size is assessed. Corona inception, thus also breakdown, is favored by the sand grains as compared with the case of air alone.
{"title":"Impulse breakdown characteristics of dry sand: Effect of sand grain size","authors":"Z. G. Datsios, P. Mikropoulos","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791445","url":null,"abstract":"Soil ionization, that is, electrical discharges developing in ground, occurs due to the high electric field associated mainly with lightning currents. Despite having attracted a great interest among researchers from the beginning of the 20th century, soil ionization is far from being completely understood owing to the complex nature and structure of soil. This study investigates breakdown of several dry natural silica sand samples in a quasi-uniform electric field electrode arrangement under standard lightning impulse voltages. The dependence of sand breakdown gradient and time delay on the grain size is assessed. Corona inception, thus also breakdown, is favored by the sand grains as compared with the case of air alone.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116975961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791375
A. De Conti, R. Alípio
This paper investigates the influence of considering frequency-dependent ground parameters in the calculation of lightning transients on a two-phase distribution line including the presence of branches. The analysis is focused on propagation effects along the line. It is shown that the influence of frequency-dependent ground parameters is only remarkable if a poorly-conducting ground is considered. It is also shown that the presence of line branches is likely to reduce the relative importance of considering the frequency variation of the ground parameters in the calculation of lightning transients.
{"title":"Lightning transients on branched distribution lines considering frequency-dependent ground parameters","authors":"A. De Conti, R. Alípio","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the influence of considering frequency-dependent ground parameters in the calculation of lightning transients on a two-phase distribution line including the presence of branches. The analysis is focused on propagation effects along the line. It is shown that the influence of frequency-dependent ground parameters is only remarkable if a poorly-conducting ground is considered. It is also shown that the presence of line branches is likely to reduce the relative importance of considering the frequency variation of the ground parameters in the calculation of lightning transients.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123577511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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