Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791500
A. C. Magalhães, A. Lima, M. T. Correia de Barros
This paper proposes a distinct approach for the modeling of a counterpoise. Instead of using either finite or infinite transmission line modeling based on quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) wave propagation, a full-wave modeling of a counterpoise is presented. Initially, it is summarized the development of a full-wave model from the solution of the integral equation to determine to propagation constant, γ. One advantage of the full-wave modeling is related to direct determination of the electromagnetic field in the surrounding media. From the knowledge of γ an equivalent transmission line model is derived. Time-domain responses of the ground potential rise are obtained using the Numerical Laplace Transform.
{"title":"Full-wave modelling of a counterpoise","authors":"A. C. Magalhães, A. Lima, M. T. Correia de Barros","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a distinct approach for the modeling of a counterpoise. Instead of using either finite or infinite transmission line modeling based on quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) wave propagation, a full-wave modeling of a counterpoise is presented. Initially, it is summarized the development of a full-wave model from the solution of the integral equation to determine to propagation constant, γ. One advantage of the full-wave modeling is related to direct determination of the electromagnetic field in the surrounding media. From the knowledge of γ an equivalent transmission line model is derived. Time-domain responses of the ground potential rise are obtained using the Numerical Laplace Transform.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126092984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a key physical process of the research about lightning protection of wind turbine blades, the inception mechanism and criterion of the upward leader need further investigation. A model of line charge with point charge at the head is used to simulate charge distribution of lightning downward leader. A curve about density of surface charges on blade is presented after considering the movement, diffusion and neutralization of the space charges nearby blade. Under the influence of space charge in both lightning downward leader channel and that on surface of blade, the potential nearby the blade is distorted obviously. Based on a simplified model of the development of upward leader, the paper proposes a critical length inception criterion for upward leader. The kernel of criterion is `there exists a certain zone above the tip of blade where the background potential is larger than that in streamer, and if the length of this zone is longer than a background potential critical length, a stable upward leader will incept'. Lightning parameters and blade parameters such as amplitude of lightning current, lateral distance, length of blade and radium of receptor have no effect on the critical length. The critical length decreases with the increase of the relative density and humidity of air, and it increases with the increase of altitude. The feasibility of the proposed criterion is verified by the observation results of long air gap discharge for the vertical conductors under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Processing of upward leader on the wind turbine blade and critical length inception criterion","authors":"Yufei Ma, Zixin Guo, Qingmin Li, Jiangyan Yan, Hanwen Ren, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791479","url":null,"abstract":"As a key physical process of the research about lightning protection of wind turbine blades, the inception mechanism and criterion of the upward leader need further investigation. A model of line charge with point charge at the head is used to simulate charge distribution of lightning downward leader. A curve about density of surface charges on blade is presented after considering the movement, diffusion and neutralization of the space charges nearby blade. Under the influence of space charge in both lightning downward leader channel and that on surface of blade, the potential nearby the blade is distorted obviously. Based on a simplified model of the development of upward leader, the paper proposes a critical length inception criterion for upward leader. The kernel of criterion is `there exists a certain zone above the tip of blade where the background potential is larger than that in streamer, and if the length of this zone is longer than a background potential critical length, a stable upward leader will incept'. Lightning parameters and blade parameters such as amplitude of lightning current, lateral distance, length of blade and radium of receptor have no effect on the critical length. The critical length decreases with the increase of the relative density and humidity of air, and it increases with the increase of altitude. The feasibility of the proposed criterion is verified by the observation results of long air gap discharge for the vertical conductors under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126929317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791401
T. A. L. N. Gunasekara, S. Vayanganie, S. Jayalal, M. Fernando, D. Sonnadara, V. Cooray
Narrow Bipolar Pulses (NBP) of a single thunderstorm from a coastal location in Sri Lanka were subjected to S-transformation in order to study their time-frequency information. This study is an extension to a similar study carried out by the authors where properties of NBPs were analyzed using the wavelet transformation. Keeping in line with the previous study, 18 events pertaining to equal number of positive and negative NBPs with the narrowest temporal widths were studied. The data was obtained from the southern coastal area of Sri Lanka (Matara -5.95° N, 8.53° E) from a highly active thunderstorm, which occurred during the month of May in 2013. The waveforms were recorded with a 10 ns resolution within a 100 ms time window. The spanning (width) and the ratio of peak power amongst the initial and overshoot pulses were measured and compared for each polarity. The negative NBPs had an average spanning of 134-371 kHz. The overshoot of the same had an average range of 127-255 kHz. The positive NBPs had an average spanning of 103-245 kHz. The overshoot of the same had an average range of 102-195 kHz. The ratio of peak power of NBPs to overshoot had an average of 1.08 for both positive and negative pulses. The spectrogram reveals the initial and overshoots pulses to be relatively equal in power intensities.
{"title":"Time-frequency analysis of narrow bipolar pulses observed in Sri Lanka","authors":"T. A. L. N. Gunasekara, S. Vayanganie, S. Jayalal, M. Fernando, D. Sonnadara, V. Cooray","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791401","url":null,"abstract":"Narrow Bipolar Pulses (NBP) of a single thunderstorm from a coastal location in Sri Lanka were subjected to S-transformation in order to study their time-frequency information. This study is an extension to a similar study carried out by the authors where properties of NBPs were analyzed using the wavelet transformation. Keeping in line with the previous study, 18 events pertaining to equal number of positive and negative NBPs with the narrowest temporal widths were studied. The data was obtained from the southern coastal area of Sri Lanka (Matara -5.95° N, 8.53° E) from a highly active thunderstorm, which occurred during the month of May in 2013. The waveforms were recorded with a 10 ns resolution within a 100 ms time window. The spanning (width) and the ratio of peak power amongst the initial and overshoot pulses were measured and compared for each polarity. The negative NBPs had an average spanning of 134-371 kHz. The overshoot of the same had an average range of 127-255 kHz. The positive NBPs had an average spanning of 103-245 kHz. The overshoot of the same had an average range of 102-195 kHz. The ratio of peak power of NBPs to overshoot had an average of 1.08 for both positive and negative pulses. The spectrogram reveals the initial and overshoots pulses to be relatively equal in power intensities.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124805730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791361
G. Peppas, T. Tsovilis, E. Pyrgioti, Z. Politis, D. Micu, I. Gonos
In this paper a full scale simulation analysis is done for the interference of a High Voltage Transmission line and a underground/aboveground pipeline system. Herein, a coupled system of 400kV transmission line and a nearby pipeline is simulated by means of ATP-EMTP for the case of direct lightning strike to transmission line. Simulation results are presented and possible issues and suggestions are commentated. The necessity of a detailed integrated standard prescribing the lightning and surge protection of pipelines in combination with cathodic protection system is essential.
{"title":"Lightning protection of pipeline systems","authors":"G. Peppas, T. Tsovilis, E. Pyrgioti, Z. Politis, D. Micu, I. Gonos","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791361","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a full scale simulation analysis is done for the interference of a High Voltage Transmission line and a underground/aboveground pipeline system. Herein, a coupled system of 400kV transmission line and a nearby pipeline is simulated by means of ATP-EMTP for the case of direct lightning strike to transmission line. Simulation results are presented and possible issues and suggestions are commentated. The necessity of a detailed integrated standard prescribing the lightning and surge protection of pipelines in combination with cathodic protection system is essential.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124141522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791493
Koji Michishita, Minoru Furukawa, N. Honjo, S. Yokoyama
The authors have carried out measurement of the current waveforms associated with lightning strokes to wind turbines at the coast of the Sea of Japan in Tohoku. In this paper measured waveforms on winter in 2014 to 2015 are reported and the initial continuous current (ICC), typical in the cases of lightning flash initiated by upward propagating leaders. The result is of practical importance for the lightning protection design of the wind turbine and the linkage distribution line on the wind farm.
{"title":"Measurement of lightning current at wind turbine near coast of Sea of Japan in winter","authors":"Koji Michishita, Minoru Furukawa, N. Honjo, S. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791493","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have carried out measurement of the current waveforms associated with lightning strokes to wind turbines at the coast of the Sea of Japan in Tohoku. In this paper measured waveforms on winter in 2014 to 2015 are reported and the initial continuous current (ICC), typical in the cases of lightning flash initiated by upward propagating leaders. The result is of practical importance for the lightning protection design of the wind turbine and the linkage distribution line on the wind farm.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124226117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791470
H.G.P. Hunt, K. Nixon
This paper describes a method for determining confidence information for LDN ground-strike points. Ground-strike points can be determined using clustering algorithms and in the process, the strike point location is refined. However, the confidence ellipse information is lost when this is done. By treating stroke detections as multiple observations of the same event, Gaussian merging techniques can be used to develop a confidence ellipse for LDN ground-strike points.
{"title":"A method for determining LDN confidence ellipse information for ground-strike points","authors":"H.G.P. Hunt, K. Nixon","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791470","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for determining confidence information for LDN ground-strike points. Ground-strike points can be determined using clustering algorithms and in the process, the strike point location is refined. However, the confidence ellipse information is lost when this is done. By treating stroke detections as multiple observations of the same event, Gaussian merging techniques can be used to develop a confidence ellipse for LDN ground-strike points.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124371183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791519
M. Loboda, Krzysztof Lenarczyk
The paper describes main characteristics of new 400 kV transmission line located in Poland to Lithuania which is important part of Baltic Ring - EU Power grid project. The main features of the line related to lightning hazard due to unusual height of towers influencing its lightning exposure are described. Preliminary analyses of expected frequency of lightning direct and nearby strikes to the line and to substations located on both ends of the line are presented. Special attention is paid to the lightning hazard of HVDC “back-to-back” convertor station located on Lithuania side and its sensitive electronic equipment. Some data of lightning activity in area of line location are used form LINET lightning location system data base to assess possible lightning overvoltages frequency in the line and their magnitude taking into account of measurements results of tower's earthing system parameters.
{"title":"Preliminary study of lightning exposure of double-circuit 400 kV transmission line with special design of towers in Poland/Lithuania","authors":"M. Loboda, Krzysztof Lenarczyk","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791519","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes main characteristics of new 400 kV transmission line located in Poland to Lithuania which is important part of Baltic Ring - EU Power grid project. The main features of the line related to lightning hazard due to unusual height of towers influencing its lightning exposure are described. Preliminary analyses of expected frequency of lightning direct and nearby strikes to the line and to substations located on both ends of the line are presented. Special attention is paid to the lightning hazard of HVDC “back-to-back” convertor station located on Lithuania side and its sensitive electronic equipment. Some data of lightning activity in area of line location are used form LINET lightning location system data base to assess possible lightning overvoltages frequency in the line and their magnitude taking into account of measurements results of tower's earthing system parameters.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125041811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791413
Gu Shanqiang, Yan Biwu, Zhao Chun, Wang Tao, Lin Qing
In order to obtain optical path photographs of lightning strike with a higher resolution, providing the necessary technical means for the accurate identification of 500kV transmission line lightning fault in mountain area, we developed an embedded, low-power remote online Lightning Optical Path Monitoring System based on 3G communication technology. Then, a case containing a lightning which struck the transmission line was analyzed in this paper combined with the results of the Lightning Optical Path Monitoring System, State Grid Lightning Location System and the Transmission Line Distributed Fault Diagnosis System.
{"title":"Application of lightning optical path monitoring system on 500kV transmission lines in mountain area","authors":"Gu Shanqiang, Yan Biwu, Zhao Chun, Wang Tao, Lin Qing","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791413","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain optical path photographs of lightning strike with a higher resolution, providing the necessary technical means for the accurate identification of 500kV transmission line lightning fault in mountain area, we developed an embedded, low-power remote online Lightning Optical Path Monitoring System based on 3G communication technology. Then, a case containing a lightning which struck the transmission line was analyzed in this paper combined with the results of the Lightning Optical Path Monitoring System, State Grid Lightning Location System and the Transmission Line Distributed Fault Diagnosis System.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131754987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791420
A. Rousseau, Fernanda Cruz, S. Sarramégna, Semi Taofifenua, Wacapo Taine
Lightning risk assessment using IEC/EN 62305-2 standard method was conducted on various buildings of many types (hospital, civil buildings, museum etc.) on a same place. This study was motivated by many damages on telecom and data equipment in the last years. All these buildings being important for the user, he decide to launch a general analysis instead of providing lightning and surge protection measures for the damaged equipment occurred. Comparison is made between field results and the risk analysis. Based on this, proposals for improvement of 62305-2 are made.
{"title":"Lightning risk evaluation — Field experience","authors":"A. Rousseau, Fernanda Cruz, S. Sarramégna, Semi Taofifenua, Wacapo Taine","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791420","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning risk assessment using IEC/EN 62305-2 standard method was conducted on various buildings of many types (hospital, civil buildings, museum etc.) on a same place. This study was motivated by many damages on telecom and data equipment in the last years. All these buildings being important for the user, he decide to launch a general analysis instead of providing lightning and surge protection measures for the damaged equipment occurred. Comparison is made between field results and the risk analysis. Based on this, proposals for improvement of 62305-2 are made.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130635226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791378
N. Szedenik, Tamas Bodocs, I. Kiss, I. Berta
The IEC 62305, which was published 10 years ago, has fundamentally changed the structure of planning lightning protection [1]. The method determined in the standard - which requires a detailed risk assessment for each and every structure - has made the standard user's task more difficult due to the vast amount of parameters. Meantime many criticism, application examples and explanations of the risk assessment were published [2], [3], [4], [5]. We have elaborated a developed simplified risk assessment process based on the standard, which substantially facilitates the determination of the needed level of protection in most cases.
{"title":"Developed simplification of the risk assessment","authors":"N. Szedenik, Tamas Bodocs, I. Kiss, I. Berta","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791378","url":null,"abstract":"The IEC 62305, which was published 10 years ago, has fundamentally changed the structure of planning lightning protection [1]. The method determined in the standard - which requires a detailed risk assessment for each and every structure - has made the standard user's task more difficult due to the vast amount of parameters. Meantime many criticism, application examples and explanations of the risk assessment were published [2], [3], [4], [5]. We have elaborated a developed simplified risk assessment process based on the standard, which substantially facilitates the determination of the needed level of protection in most cases.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132842100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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