Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791456
M. Jorge E. Rodriguez, Francisco Roman
Ageing in surge arresters is a topic still under study. This paper proposes a method to study surge arrester ageing employing an Extra High Impedance Current Source. Using this source, it is possible to see the ageing process of the arrester blocks as they are stressed with current impulses. Both, the methodology used to accelerate the ageing process of the arrester blocks and the steps followed for its implementation are presented in this work.
{"title":"Experimental study of surge arrester ageing using a high impedance current source","authors":"M. Jorge E. Rodriguez, Francisco Roman","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791456","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing in surge arresters is a topic still under study. This paper proposes a method to study surge arrester ageing employing an Extra High Impedance Current Source. Using this source, it is possible to see the ageing process of the arrester blocks as they are stressed with current impulses. Both, the methodology used to accelerate the ageing process of the arrester blocks and the steps followed for its implementation are presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129080568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791442
Volodymyr Shostak, Oleksii Bondar
Present study considers distribution of currents and magnetic field in frame-type lightning protection systems (LPS). Influence of equipotentialization ring conductor (ERC) connecting vertical down-conductors at the ground level, as recommended by some normative documents, upon current distribution between mentioned conductors and magnetic field (MF) inside structures is numerically simulated. Analysis for a wide range of soils/water electrical conductivity(σg = 0.67·10-3 to 1 S/m) and various relative permittivity (εr = 4; 7; 15; 80) values is done. When one of the goals of LPS design is to achieve a uniform current distribution between down-conductors and MF reduction within structure, for large conductivities (> 0.1 S/m) the presence or absence of ERC do not make a significant difference. In case of lower conductivities (<; 4·10-3 S/m), advantages have structures without ERC.
{"title":"Influence of ring bonding at the ground level upon current distribution between down-conductors","authors":"Volodymyr Shostak, Oleksii Bondar","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791442","url":null,"abstract":"Present study considers distribution of currents and magnetic field in frame-type lightning protection systems (LPS). Influence of equipotentialization ring conductor (ERC) connecting vertical down-conductors at the ground level, as recommended by some normative documents, upon current distribution between mentioned conductors and magnetic field (MF) inside structures is numerically simulated. Analysis for a wide range of soils/water electrical conductivity(σg = 0.67·10-3 to 1 S/m) and various relative permittivity (εr = 4; 7; 15; 80) values is done. When one of the goals of LPS design is to achieve a uniform current distribution between down-conductors and MF reduction within structure, for large conductivities (> 0.1 S/m) the presence or absence of ERC do not make a significant difference. In case of lower conductivities (<; 4·10-3 S/m), advantages have structures without ERC.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130759641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At present, PVC and balsa wood are usually adopted in the sandwich structure of the wind turbine blade. However, comparative research on the damage characteristics of the two materials under lightning arc is seldom reported. Large current experiment was conducted on PVC and balsa wood, which indicated that under the surge current, there was a more severe reduction in the residual strength of PVC than balsa wood. By the means of molecular reaction dynamics, the chemical reaction process, gas generation characteristics and water motion of the materials were studied quantitatively. As is shown in the visual results, cellulose (main component of balsa wood) was gradually splitting with the degree of polymerization(DP) reducing as time increasing, while there is no obvious change on the DP in the PVC aspect. The degradation of cellulose generated relatively more kinds of small-molecule gases while PVC mainly produced HCl and small amounts of olefins, but the number of gas products from PVC pyrolysis was far much more than that of cellulose. In addition, with many -OH. H and O included in cellulose, there are more H2O molecules absorbed on the cellulose by H bond, which results in a large amount of water content in balsa wood, while, the density of H bond between PVC and water was much lower. Water around the surface of cellulose would turn into vapor that would expand when heated, making it a key factor to the damage of cellulose.
{"title":"Damage mechanism of PVC and balsa wood used in wind turbine blade under thermal effect of lightning strikes","authors":"Jiangyan Yan, Qingmin Li, Guo Zixin, Zhang Li, Weijia Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791477","url":null,"abstract":"At present, PVC and balsa wood are usually adopted in the sandwich structure of the wind turbine blade. However, comparative research on the damage characteristics of the two materials under lightning arc is seldom reported. Large current experiment was conducted on PVC and balsa wood, which indicated that under the surge current, there was a more severe reduction in the residual strength of PVC than balsa wood. By the means of molecular reaction dynamics, the chemical reaction process, gas generation characteristics and water motion of the materials were studied quantitatively. As is shown in the visual results, cellulose (main component of balsa wood) was gradually splitting with the degree of polymerization(DP) reducing as time increasing, while there is no obvious change on the DP in the PVC aspect. The degradation of cellulose generated relatively more kinds of small-molecule gases while PVC mainly produced HCl and small amounts of olefins, but the number of gas products from PVC pyrolysis was far much more than that of cellulose. In addition, with many -OH. H and O included in cellulose, there are more H2O molecules absorbed on the cellulose by H bond, which results in a large amount of water content in balsa wood, while, the density of H bond between PVC and water was much lower. Water around the surface of cellulose would turn into vapor that would expand when heated, making it a key factor to the damage of cellulose.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791498
Ruihan Qi, Binghao Li, Y. Du
This paper presents a study of lightning induced surges in railway signaling systems with the FDTD method. During an indirect lightning strike, induced surges are observed in the outdoor circuits due to electric and magnetic coupling. The induced surge currents propagate along the signal cables towards the receiving equipment in railway stations. It is found that geometry of the outdoor lines, earthing and bonding practices affect induced surge currents and voltages in the circuits. Equipotential bonding can substantially reduce the induced surge voltage impinging on the equipment in railway stations.
{"title":"Induced surges in railway signaling systems during an indirect lightning strike","authors":"Ruihan Qi, Binghao Li, Y. Du","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791498","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of lightning induced surges in railway signaling systems with the FDTD method. During an indirect lightning strike, induced surges are observed in the outdoor circuits due to electric and magnetic coupling. The induced surge currents propagate along the signal cables towards the receiving equipment in railway stations. It is found that geometry of the outdoor lines, earthing and bonding practices affect induced surge currents and voltages in the circuits. Equipotential bonding can substantially reduce the induced surge voltage impinging on the equipment in railway stations.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133916386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791371
José Cuarán, Francisco Roman, Marley Becerra
In this paper, the Self-Consisting Leader Inception and Propagation Model-SLIM- is used to analyze the shielding performance of transmission lines, with special attention on the terrain topography effect. Transverse and Longitudinal terrain profiles are considered. It is found that a transmission line can be more vulnerable to be struck by lightning on any terrain that leads to increase the height of the conductors. In addition, the striking distance to the phase conductors strongly depends on the landform and the tower geometry, which suggests changes in the current lightning protection standards.
{"title":"Lightning shielding analysis of EHV and UHV transmission lines: On the effect of terrain topography","authors":"José Cuarán, Francisco Roman, Marley Becerra","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791371","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Self-Consisting Leader Inception and Propagation Model-SLIM- is used to analyze the shielding performance of transmission lines, with special attention on the terrain topography effect. Transverse and Longitudinal terrain profiles are considered. It is found that a transmission line can be more vulnerable to be struck by lightning on any terrain that leads to increase the height of the conductors. In addition, the striking distance to the phase conductors strongly depends on the landform and the tower geometry, which suggests changes in the current lightning protection standards.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"43 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122944643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791486
Ming-Kit Chan, Ming-li Chen, Ya-ping Du
This paper presents a simple physical model for an upward positive leader initiated from a tall grounded object. Characteristics such as the leader channel structure, leader initiation criteria, leaded propagation speed, leader current and channel longitudinal electric field are described and modelled step-by-step. Other parameters including the evolution of leader line charge density, leader core conductance and radius, and leader corona sheath radius are also computed and evaluated. Particularly, the minimum corona sheath radius and corona charge density for leader initiation and stable propagation based on existing experiment data are proposed. The model may serve as a virtual lab to study the initiation of an upward leader at the top of a tall ground structure for tall building lightning protection analysis.
{"title":"A simple physical model for self-triggered upward leaders from high-rise buildings","authors":"Ming-Kit Chan, Ming-li Chen, Ya-ping Du","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791486","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple physical model for an upward positive leader initiated from a tall grounded object. Characteristics such as the leader channel structure, leader initiation criteria, leaded propagation speed, leader current and channel longitudinal electric field are described and modelled step-by-step. Other parameters including the evolution of leader line charge density, leader core conductance and radius, and leader corona sheath radius are also computed and evaluated. Particularly, the minimum corona sheath radius and corona charge density for leader initiation and stable propagation based on existing experiment data are proposed. The model may serve as a virtual lab to study the initiation of an upward leader at the top of a tall ground structure for tall building lightning protection analysis.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121480768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791425
A. Gulyás, I. Kiss, N. Szedenik, I. Berta
The international standard on lightning protection offers a framework to describe the risk of lightning damage for a given object to be protected and offers design tools to achieve proper protection with primary or secondary protection. Although it may be useful to improve the usability of this framework by simplifying some points, there is no doubt that the notion of risk and its application is currently covered extensively in the document. However recently more and more papers discuss the use of lightning hazard forecasting in lightning protection. The notion of risk in the international standard is not yet proper to discuss the application of such solutions nor would it be safe to directly use the standard to evaluate a solution like that. This paper aims to discuss the new problem that using forecasting means as opposed to primary or secondary lightning protection. Also it suggests the use of an adaptation of the notion of risk to be able to incorporate the using of forecasting.
{"title":"Standardized risk and the use of lightning hazard forecasting","authors":"A. Gulyás, I. Kiss, N. Szedenik, I. Berta","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791425","url":null,"abstract":"The international standard on lightning protection offers a framework to describe the risk of lightning damage for a given object to be protected and offers design tools to achieve proper protection with primary or secondary protection. Although it may be useful to improve the usability of this framework by simplifying some points, there is no doubt that the notion of risk and its application is currently covered extensively in the document. However recently more and more papers discuss the use of lightning hazard forecasting in lightning protection. The notion of risk in the international standard is not yet proper to discuss the application of such solutions nor would it be safe to directly use the standard to evaluate a solution like that. This paper aims to discuss the new problem that using forecasting means as opposed to primary or secondary lightning protection. Also it suggests the use of an adaptation of the notion of risk to be able to incorporate the using of forecasting.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116319914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791481
Daohong Wang, Shintaro Kuroda, N. Takagi
Using a high speed optical imaging system called LAPOS, we have observed the lightning attachment processes of 19 negative and 2 positive CG. We have obtained not only their stepped leader speeds and the return stroke speeds near the channel bottoms, but also their return stroke initiation heights. Most of the negative first return strokes exhibited an initiation height of 40 m or so. Return strokes with bigger peak current tend to initiate higher. For one positive first stroke, although its peak current is much larger than all the negative counterparts, its initiation height is smaller than most of the negative ones.
{"title":"Lightning attachment process parameters measured by using LAPOS","authors":"Daohong Wang, Shintaro Kuroda, N. Takagi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791481","url":null,"abstract":"Using a high speed optical imaging system called LAPOS, we have observed the lightning attachment processes of 19 negative and 2 positive CG. We have obtained not only their stepped leader speeds and the return stroke speeds near the channel bottoms, but also their return stroke initiation heights. Most of the negative first return strokes exhibited an initiation height of 40 m or so. Return strokes with bigger peak current tend to initiate higher. For one positive first stroke, although its peak current is much larger than all the negative counterparts, its initiation height is smaller than most of the negative ones.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116668073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791455
H. Rojas, C. Cortés, F. Roman
In the last two decades, various lightning events have been analyzed using mathematical and signal processing techniques. In this paper, electric field waveforms radiated by negative first and subsequent strokes were analyzed using the Local Polynomial Fourier Transform (LPFT). The analysis provided by LPFT shows the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the signals and its first derivative. The electric field signatures came from a thunderstorm occurred in Bogotá, Colombia. In addition, the return stroke energy concentration is presented in the form of the Local Polinomial Periodogram (LPP). The LPP shows that the return stroke spectrum is distributed in a frequency range with the peak value spread in a specific part of this range. Form the time-frequency analysis provided by LPFT, the energy radiated by negative first return strokes remains in the average frequency range from low frequency (lower than 1 kHz) up to 36 kHz, while the energy radiated by subsequent strokes ranges between 0.5-42 kHz. In addition, for the initial stage and the overshoot region of the transient pulse, the first return stroke signatures present a frequency range slightly higher than those of the subsequent return strokes.
{"title":"Time-frequency features of lightning-generated electric fields appliying the Local Polynomial Fourier Transform (LPFT)","authors":"H. Rojas, C. Cortés, F. Roman","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791455","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, various lightning events have been analyzed using mathematical and signal processing techniques. In this paper, electric field waveforms radiated by negative first and subsequent strokes were analyzed using the Local Polynomial Fourier Transform (LPFT). The analysis provided by LPFT shows the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the signals and its first derivative. The electric field signatures came from a thunderstorm occurred in Bogotá, Colombia. In addition, the return stroke energy concentration is presented in the form of the Local Polinomial Periodogram (LPP). The LPP shows that the return stroke spectrum is distributed in a frequency range with the peak value spread in a specific part of this range. Form the time-frequency analysis provided by LPFT, the energy radiated by negative first return strokes remains in the average frequency range from low frequency (lower than 1 kHz) up to 36 kHz, while the energy radiated by subsequent strokes ranges between 0.5-42 kHz. In addition, for the initial stage and the overshoot region of the transient pulse, the first return stroke signatures present a frequency range slightly higher than those of the subsequent return strokes.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115417262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791512
S. Yokoyama, S. Sekioka
The authors produced induced voltages on a real-size distribution line, the height of which is 10meters. A balloon filled with helium gas lifted a 150 meter-long copper conductor near the overhead distribution line. A pulse current was applied to the above conductor. Induced voltages on the overhead distribution line were observed at three points. As the distance between the grounding point of a copper wire and an overhead distribution line becomes large, the induced voltages on an overhead distribution line become small. The induced voltage is the largest at the nearest point to the balloon. As the distance from the nearest point to the balloon on the distribution line becomes large, the peak value of the induced voltage becomes small. Experimental results agree roughly well with calculated results obtained by a numerical analysis.
{"title":"Experiments of lightning induced overvoltages on a real-size overhead power distribution line","authors":"S. Yokoyama, S. Sekioka","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2016.7791512","url":null,"abstract":"The authors produced induced voltages on a real-size distribution line, the height of which is 10meters. A balloon filled with helium gas lifted a 150 meter-long copper conductor near the overhead distribution line. A pulse current was applied to the above conductor. Induced voltages on the overhead distribution line were observed at three points. As the distance between the grounding point of a copper wire and an overhead distribution line becomes large, the induced voltages on an overhead distribution line become small. The induced voltage is the largest at the nearest point to the balloon. As the distance from the nearest point to the balloon on the distribution line becomes large, the peak value of the induced voltage becomes small. Experimental results agree roughly well with calculated results obtained by a numerical analysis.","PeriodicalId":373744,"journal":{"name":"2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115713183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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