Carolina Blanch-Perez-del-Notario, W. Saeys, A. Lambrechts
Recycling of textile materials is becoming important due to the increasing amount of textile waste and its large environmental impact. The Resyntex project aims at dealing with this textile waste by enabling its chemical recycling. To do so, pure textile materials and blends need to be sorted first. In this paper we evaluate the suitability of hyperspectral imaging for pure and blend textile sorting. We also test the discrimination capacity between denim and non-denim textile, since this is required prior to the de-colouration processes. For this purpose, we use a line-scan sensor in the 450–950 nm range, since its cost, compactness and speed characteristics make it suitable for industrial deployment. To deal with the strong colour interference of the textile a hierarchical classification approach is proposed. The results on the available sample set show promising discrimination potential for material discrimination as well as for denim versus non-denim detection.
{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging for textile sorting in the visible–near infrared range","authors":"Carolina Blanch-Perez-del-Notario, W. Saeys, A. Lambrechts","doi":"10.1255/jsi.2019.a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jsi.2019.a17","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling of textile materials is becoming important due to the increasing amount of textile waste and its large\u0000environmental impact. The Resyntex project aims at dealing with this textile waste by enabling its chemical recycling. To do\u0000 so, pure textile materials and blends need to be sorted first. In this paper we evaluate the suitability of hyperspectral\u0000imaging for pure and blend textile sorting. We also test the discrimination capacity between denim and non-denim textile,\u0000since this is required prior to the de-colouration processes. For this purpose, we use a line-scan sensor in the 450–950\u0000nm range, since its cost, compactness and speed characteristics make it suitable for industrial deployment. To deal with\u0000the strong colour interference of the textile a hierarchical classification approach is proposed. The results on the available\u0000sample set show promising discrimination potential for material discrimination as well as for denim versus non-denim\u0000detection.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43606023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on pathological calcifications constitutes an exciting topic at the interface between physics, chemistry and medicine. The relationship between their physicochemical characteristics and the pathology responsible for their formation offers a unique opportunity to perform a significant medical diagnosis, to assess the interaction between drugs and these biological entities as well as to develop new drugs. Regarding synchrotron radiation, the emergence of microbeam allows the clinician to perform an early diagnosis. Indeed, we will start this review with a clinical case where Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation as a probe allowed the clinician to save the kidney function of a patient. Following this example, we will see that investigations on pathological calcifications constitute an elegant way to gather major information on different public health problems such type 2 diabetes as well as on rare diseases. To attain this goal, this mini-review dedicated to structural and chemical investigations and based on selected and recent data collected through techniques using third generation synchrotron radiation as a probe is proposed to the reader.
{"title":"Physicochemistry in medicine: some selected examples","authors":"D. Bazin, M. Daudon","doi":"10.1255/jsi.2019.a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jsi.2019.a16","url":null,"abstract":"Research on pathological calcifications constitutes an exciting topic at the interface between physics, chemistry\u0000and medicine. The relationship between their physicochemical characteristics and the pathology responsible for their\u0000formation offers a unique opportunity to perform a significant medical diagnosis, to assess the interaction between drugs\u0000and these biological entities as well as to develop new drugs. Regarding synchrotron radiation, the emergence of\u0000microbeam allows the clinician to perform an early diagnosis. Indeed, we will start this review with a clinical case where\u0000Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation as a probe allowed the clinician to save the kidney\u0000function of a patient. Following this example, we will see that investigations on pathological calcifications constitute an\u0000elegant way to gather major information on different public health problems such type 2 diabetes as well as on rare\u0000diseases. To attain this goal, this mini-review dedicated to structural and chemical investigations and based on selected\u0000and recent data collected through techniques using third generation synchrotron radiation as a probe is proposed to the\u0000reader.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daitaro Ishikawa, Kodai Murayama, Takuma Genkawa, Yuma Kitagawa, Y. Ozaki
The present study aims to suggest a method to identify defective tablets by near infrared (NIR) imaging. A newly developed portable imaging system (D-NIRs) was used in this study, in which the spectrometer is equipped with a high- density photodiode array detector to record high-quality spectra with 1.25 nm spectral resolution. This system is highly portable and allows an image of a target tablet to be developed in approximately 10 s. Normal tablets containing 0.1–20 % magnesium stearate, ascorbic acid, corn starch and talc were prepared. NIR spectra in the 950–1700 nm region of each pixel in a tablet were measured, and NIR images were generated from the second derivative of the spectra at 1213 nm. It was confirmed that the spectral distribution in a tablet passed as a normal distribution by the goodness-of-fit test (p ≤ 0.05). Consequently, the average of the spectra obtained from each pixel of the whole tablet was used to predict the concentration of magnesium stearate. The quantitative accuracy of the prediction model by the second derivative spectra achieved R2 = 0.931 and RMSE = 1.90 %. Defective tablets were prepared with localised magnesium stearate. The skewness of the second derivative in the defective tablet was larger than that of the standard distribution. Specifically, the distribution of defective tablets was biased to the right as compared to the standard distribution. The results of the presented study suggest that spectral imaging combined with distribution analysis is an effective method to identify defective tablets.
{"title":"An identification method for defective tablets by distribution analysis of near infrared imaging","authors":"Daitaro Ishikawa, Kodai Murayama, Takuma Genkawa, Yuma Kitagawa, Y. Ozaki","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A15","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to suggest a method to identify defective tablets by near infrared (NIR) imaging. A newly\u0000developed portable imaging system (D-NIRs) was used in this study, in which the spectrometer is equipped with a high-\u0000density photodiode array detector to record high-quality spectra with 1.25 nm spectral resolution. This system is highly\u0000portable and allows an image of a target tablet to be developed in approximately 10 s. Normal tablets containing 0.1–20 %\u0000magnesium stearate, ascorbic acid, corn starch and talc were prepared. NIR spectra in the 950–1700 nm region of each\u0000pixel in a tablet were measured, and NIR images were generated from the second derivative of the spectra at 1213 nm. It\u0000was confirmed that the spectral distribution in a tablet passed as a normal distribution by the goodness-of-fit test (p ≤\u00000.05). Consequently, the average of the spectra obtained from each pixel of the whole tablet was used to predict the\u0000concentration of magnesium stearate. The quantitative accuracy of the prediction model by the second derivative spectra\u0000achieved R2 = 0.931 and RMSE = 1.90 %. Defective tablets were prepared with localised magnesium stearate. The\u0000skewness of the second derivative in the defective tablet was larger than that of the standard distribution. Specifically, the\u0000 distribution of defective tablets was biased to the right as compared to the standard distribution. The results of the\u0000presented study suggest that spectral imaging combined with distribution analysis is an effective method to identify\u0000defective tablets.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47372353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Dubreil, L. Lagalice, J. Deniaud, Antoine Sabourin, C. Lovo, K. Bey, J. Hordeaux, C. Thorin, C. Sandt, F. Jamme, M. Colle
Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is a lysosomal storage disorder due to a mutation in the gene that encodes acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). GAA deficiency causes the excessive storage of lysosomal glycogen in many cell types, leading to cell and, subsequently, tissue dysfunction. Cardiac, respiratory and skeletal muscles are the most severely affected. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA, Myozyme®, Genzyme, Cambridge) is the only approved treatment for Pompe disease. A new therapeutic strategy was developed consisting of delivering adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) and serotype 10 (AAV10) vectors expressing human GAA into cerebrospinal fluid of GAA-KO 6neo/6neo Pompe mice. The purpose of this work was to investigate synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (sFT-IR) and deep ultraviolet (sDUV) microspectroscopies to detect new biomarkers of the disease and the AAV gene therapy in the cardiac muscle, one of the most affected organs in Pompe disease. Multivariate statistics applied to sFT-IR spectra between 4000 cm–1 and 950 cm–1 highlighted the potential of sFT-IR to discriminate Pompe (-/-), Wild type and AAV-treated animals from C–H stretching vibrations of CH3, from C–O, C–N and C–C stretching vibrations of amide I, II, III bands and from specific IR signature of the glycogen. Investigations performed by sDUV microscopy showed a significant increase of the tryptophan autofluorescent signal in the right ventricle for the AAV9-treated Pompe mice. The high-resolution sDUV microspectroscopy experiments suggested a correlation between the tryptophan-rich area and the GAA-rich area. These unprecedented results demonstrate that high-resolution UV microspectroscopy can be a complementary innovative approach to monitor the chemical change in label-free cardiac muscle section. Moreover, this non-destructive technology can be applied to a small amount of tissue allowing therapeutic assessment from biopsy of human patients.
{"title":"Assessment of adeno-associated virus gene therapies efficacy on acid alpha-glucosidase restoration and glycogen\u0000storage correction in cardiac muscle of Pompe disease mice using synchrotron infrared and ultraviolet\u0000microspectroscopies","authors":"L. Dubreil, L. Lagalice, J. Deniaud, Antoine Sabourin, C. Lovo, K. Bey, J. Hordeaux, C. Thorin, C. Sandt, F. Jamme, M. Colle","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A13","url":null,"abstract":"Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is a lysosomal storage disorder due to a mutation in the gene\u0000that encodes acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). GAA deficiency causes the excessive storage of lysosomal glycogen in\u0000many cell types, leading to cell and, subsequently, tissue dysfunction. Cardiac, respiratory and skeletal muscles are the\u0000most severely affected. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA, Myozyme®, Genzyme,\u0000 Cambridge) is the only approved treatment for Pompe disease. A new therapeutic strategy was developed consisting of\u0000delivering adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) and serotype 10 (AAV10) vectors expressing human GAA into\u0000cerebrospinal fluid of GAA-KO 6neo/6neo Pompe mice. The purpose of this work was to investigate synchrotron Fourier\u0000transform infrared (sFT-IR) and deep ultraviolet (sDUV) microspectroscopies to detect new biomarkers of the disease and\u0000the AAV gene therapy in the cardiac muscle, one of the most affected organs in Pompe disease. Multivariate statistics\u0000applied to sFT-IR spectra between 4000 cm–1 and 950 cm–1 highlighted the potential of sFT-IR to discriminate Pompe (-/-),\u0000Wild type and AAV-treated animals from C–H stretching vibrations of CH3, from C–O, C–N and C–C stretching vibrations of\u0000 amide I, II, III bands and from specific IR signature of the glycogen. Investigations performed by sDUV microscopy showed\u0000a significant increase of the tryptophan autofluorescent signal in the right ventricle for the AAV9-treated Pompe mice. The\u0000high-resolution sDUV microspectroscopy experiments suggested a correlation between the tryptophan-rich area and the\u0000GAA-rich area. These unprecedented results demonstrate that high-resolution UV microspectroscopy can be a\u0000complementary innovative approach to monitor the chemical change in label-free cardiac muscle section. Moreover, this\u0000non-destructive technology can be applied to a small amount of tissue allowing therapeutic assessment from biopsy of\u0000human patients.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Astruc, O. Loison, F. Jamme, M. Réfrégiers, A. Vénien
The different bovine muscle fibre types I, IIA and IIX are characterised by their preferred metabolic pathway, either oxidative (I, IIA) or glycolytic (IIX), and their contraction speed, either slow-twitch (I) or fast-twitch (IIA, IIX). These physiological specificities are associated with variations in intracellular composition and their fluorescence spectra signatures. We hypothesised that these slight differences in autofluorescence responses could be used to discriminate the muscle fibre types by fluorescence imaging. Serial histological cross-sections of beef longissimus dorsi were performed: the start set was used to identify the metabolic and contractile type of muscle fibres by both immunohistoenzymology and immunohistofluorescence, and the following set was used to acquire synchrotron–deep ultraviolet (UV) autofluorescence images after excitation in the UV range (275 nm and 315 nm). This strategy made it possible to explore the label-free autofluorescence of muscle cells previously subtyped by histochemistry. Glycolytic cells (IIX) showed more intense fluorescence than oxidative cells (I and IIA) with near-90 % accuracy. This discrimination is more specifically assigned to the fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. UV autofluorescence was unable to discriminate contractile type.
{"title":"Preferred metabolic pathway of bovine muscle fibre revealed by synchrotron–deep ultraviolet fluorescence imaging","authors":"T. Astruc, O. Loison, F. Jamme, M. Réfrégiers, A. Vénien","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A14","url":null,"abstract":"The different bovine muscle fibre types I, IIA and IIX are characterised by their preferred metabolic pathway, either oxidative (I, IIA) or glycolytic (IIX), and their contraction speed, either slow-twitch (I) or fast-twitch (IIA, IIX). These physiological specificities are associated with variations in intracellular composition and their fluorescence spectra signatures. We hypothesised that these slight differences in autofluorescence responses could be used to discriminate the muscle fibre types by fluorescence imaging. Serial histological cross-sections of beef longissimus dorsi were performed: the start set was used to identify the metabolic and contractile type of muscle fibres by both immunohistoenzymology and immunohistofluorescence, and the following set was used to acquire synchrotron–deep ultraviolet (UV) autofluorescence images after excitation in the UV range (275 nm and 315 nm). This strategy made it possible to explore the label-free autofluorescence of muscle cells previously subtyped by histochemistry. Glycolytic cells (IIX) showed more intense fluorescence than oxidative cells (I and IIA) with near-90 % accuracy. This discrimination is more specifically assigned to the fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. UV autofluorescence was unable to discriminate contractile type.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Harding, J. Hough, C. Curtis, D. Kinsman, M. Clench
Matrix-Assisted Ionisation in Vacuum (MAIV) is a new ionisation technique which ionises non-volatile compounds producing electrospray ionisation-like spectra. Its simple, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-like sample preparation allows for rapid analysis, with no requirement for external energy in the form of a laser or high voltage to produce ions. Ionisation occurs when the matrix (often 3-nitrobenzonitrile) is exposed to sub-ambient pressure. Here, the first use of this revolutionary new ionisation technique to image biological samples is reported. A commercial quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer was modified to incorporate control of the ion source pressure and a reduced sampling cone orifice diameter. In initial experiments, optimisation of source pressure and matrix composition was carried out to increase the longevity of ion formation. It was noted during these experiments that ion production was only observed when the sample was directly under the sampling cone. Optimisation of sample extraction into the MAIV matrix by the addition of 5% chloroform enabled MAIV mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in rat brain sections to be carried out in raster imaging mode. Modification of the size and position of the sampling cone improved the selectivity obtainable in these images. Although the quality of these initial images is relatively poor, work is underway to improve the spatial resolution by further modification of the ion source and progress is reported.
{"title":"Matrix-assisted ionisation in vacuum mass spectrometry and imaging on a modified quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer","authors":"A. Harding, J. Hough, C. Curtis, D. Kinsman, M. Clench","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A12","url":null,"abstract":"Matrix-Assisted Ionisation in Vacuum (MAIV) is a new ionisation technique which ionises non-volatile compounds producing electrospray ionisation-like spectra. Its simple, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-like sample preparation allows for rapid analysis, with no requirement for external energy in the form of a laser or high voltage to produce ions. Ionisation occurs when the matrix (often 3-nitrobenzonitrile) is exposed to sub-ambient pressure. Here, the first use of this revolutionary new ionisation technique to image biological samples is reported. A commercial quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer was modified to incorporate control of the ion source pressure and a reduced sampling cone orifice diameter. In initial experiments, optimisation of source pressure and matrix composition was carried out to increase the longevity of ion formation. It was noted during these experiments that ion production was only observed when the sample was directly under the sampling cone. Optimisation of sample extraction into the MAIV matrix by the addition of 5% chloroform enabled MAIV mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in rat brain sections to be carried out in raster imaging mode. Modification of the size and position of the sampling cone improved the selectivity obtainable in these images. Although the quality of these initial images is relatively poor, work is underway to improve the spatial resolution by further modification of the ion source and progress is reported.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. P. Vithana, E. Ekanayake, E. Ekanayake, A. Rathnayake, Gihan Chanaka Jayatilaka, Hmspb Herath, G. Godaliyadda, Mevan Ekanayake
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) utilises the reflectance information of a large number of contiguous spectral bands to solve various problems. However, the relative proximity of spectral signatures among classes can be exploited to generate an adaptive hierarchical structure for HSI classification. This enables a level by level optimisation for clustering at each stage of the hierarchy. The Umbrella Clustering algorithm, introduced in this work, utilises this premise to significantly improve performance compared to non-hierarchical algorithms which attempt to optimise clustering globally. The key feature of the proposed methodology is that, unlike existing hierarchical algorithms which rely on fixed or supervised structures, the proposed method exploits a mechanism in spectral clustering to generate a self-organised hierarchy. The algorithm gradually zooms into the feature space to identify levels of clustering at each stage of the hierarchy. The results further demonstrate that the generated structure tallies with human perception. In addition, an improvement to Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is also introduced to further improve performance. This modification maximises the pairwise class separation in the feature space. The entire algorithm includes this modified LDA step which requires a certain amount of class information in terms of features, at the training phase. The classification algorithm which incorporates all novel concepts was tested on the HSI data set of Pavia University as well the database of Common Sri Lankan Spices and Adulterants in order to assess the versatility of the algorithm.
{"title":"Adaptive hierarchical clustering for hyperspectral image classification: Umbrella Clustering","authors":"S. S. P. Vithana, E. Ekanayake, E. Ekanayake, A. Rathnayake, Gihan Chanaka Jayatilaka, Hmspb Herath, G. Godaliyadda, Mevan Ekanayake","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A11","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) utilises the reflectance information of a large number of contiguous spectral bands to solve various problems. However, the relative proximity of spectral signatures among classes can be exploited to generate an adaptive hierarchical structure for HSI classification. This enables a level by level optimisation for clustering at each stage of the hierarchy. The Umbrella Clustering algorithm, introduced in this work, utilises this premise to significantly improve performance compared to non-hierarchical algorithms which attempt to optimise clustering globally. The key feature of the proposed methodology is that, unlike existing hierarchical algorithms which rely on fixed or supervised structures, the proposed method exploits a mechanism in spectral clustering to generate a self-organised hierarchy. The algorithm gradually zooms into the feature space to identify levels of clustering at each stage of the hierarchy. The results further demonstrate that the generated structure tallies with human perception. In addition, an improvement to Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is also introduced to further improve performance. This modification maximises the pairwise class separation in the feature space. The entire algorithm includes this modified LDA step which requires a certain amount of class information in terms of features, at the training phase. The classification algorithm which incorporates all novel concepts was tested on the HSI data set of Pavia University as well the database of Common Sri Lankan Spices and Adulterants in order to assess the versatility of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46326226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Stiedl, Georgette Azemtsop M., B. Boldrini, S. Green, T. Chassé, K. Rebner
The detection and characterisation of oxide layers on metallic copper samples plays an important role for power electronic modules in the automotive industry. However, since precise identification of oxide layers by visual inspection is difficult and time consuming due to inhomogeneous colour distribution, a reliable and efficient method for estimating their thickness is needed. In this study, hyperspectral imaging in the visible wavelength range (425–725 nm) is proposed as an in-line inspection method for analysing oxide layers in real-time during processing of copper components such as printed circuit boards in the automotive industry. For implementation in the production line a partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed with a calibration set of n = 12 with about 13,000 spectra per sample to determine the oxide layer thickness on top of the technical copper surfaces. The model shows a good prediction performance in the range of 0–30 nm compared to Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles as a reference method. The root mean square error (RMSE) is 1.75 nm for calibration and 2.70 nm for full cross-validation. Applied to an external dataset of four new samples with about 13,000 spectra per sample the model provides an RMSE of 1.84 nm for prediction and demonstrates the robustness of the model during real-time processing. The results of this study prove the ability and usefulness of the proposed method to estimate the thickness of oxide layers on technical copper. Hence, the application of hyperspectral imaging for the industrial process control of electronic devices is very promising.
{"title":"Characterisation of oxide layers on technical copper based on visible hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Jan Stiedl, Georgette Azemtsop M., B. Boldrini, S. Green, T. Chassé, K. Rebner","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A10","url":null,"abstract":"The detection and characterisation of oxide layers on metallic copper samples plays an important role for power\u0000electronic modules in the automotive industry. However, since precise identification of oxide layers by visual inspection is\u0000difficult and time consuming due to inhomogeneous colour distribution, a reliable and efficient method for estimating their\u0000thickness is needed. In this study, hyperspectral imaging in the visible wavelength range (425–725 nm) is proposed as an\u0000in-line inspection method for analysing oxide layers in real-time during processing of copper components such as printed\u0000circuit boards in the automotive industry. For implementation in the production line a partial least square regression (PLSR)\u0000model was developed with a calibration set of n = 12 with about 13,000 spectra per sample to determine the oxide layer\u0000thickness on top of the technical copper surfaces. The model shows a good prediction performance in the range of 0–30\u0000nm compared to Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles as a reference method. The root mean square error (RMSE)\u0000is 1.75 nm for calibration and 2.70 nm for full cross-validation. Applied to an external dataset of four new samples with\u0000about 13,000 spectra per sample the model provides an RMSE of 1.84 nm for prediction and demonstrates the robustness\u0000of the model during real-time processing. The results of this study prove the ability and usefulness of the proposed method\u0000 to estimate the thickness of oxide layers on technical copper. Hence, the application of hyperspectral imaging for the\u0000industrial process control of electronic devices is very promising.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44706311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amadeus Holmer, C. Hornberger, Thomas Wild, F. Siemers
The objective evaluation of scattering tissue and the discrimination of tissue types is an issue that cannot be solved with colour cameras and image processing alone in many cases. Examples can be found in the determination of freshness and ageing of meat, and the discrimination of tissue types in food technology. In medical applications tissue discrimination is also an issue, e.g. in wound diagnostics. A novel hyperspectral imaging setup with powerful signal analysis algorithms is presented which is capable of addressing these topics. The spectral approach allows the chemical analysis of material and tissues and the measurement of their temporal change. We present a method of hyperspectral imaging in the visible-near infrared range which allows both the separation and spatial allocation of different tissue types in a sample, as well as the temporal changes of the tissue as an effect of ageing. To prove the capability of the method, the ageing of meat (slices of pork) was measured and, as a medical example, the application of the hyperspectral imaging setup for the recording of wound tissue is presented. The method shows the ability to discriminate the different tissue components of pork meat, and the ageing of the meat is observable as changes in spectral features. An additional result of our study is the fact that some spectral features, which seem to be typical for the ageing of the meat, are similar to those observed in the necrotic tissue from wound diagnostics in medicine.
{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging of the degradation of meat and comparison with necrotic tissue in human wounds","authors":"Amadeus Holmer, C. Hornberger, Thomas Wild, F. Siemers","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A9","url":null,"abstract":"The objective evaluation of scattering tissue and the discrimination of tissue types is an issue that cannot be\u0000solved with colour cameras and image processing alone in many cases. Examples can be found in the determination of\u0000freshness and ageing of meat, and the discrimination of tissue types in food technology. In medical applications tissue\u0000discrimination is also an issue, e.g. in wound diagnostics. A novel hyperspectral imaging setup with powerful signal\u0000analysis algorithms is presented which is capable of addressing these topics. The spectral approach allows the chemical\u0000analysis of material and tissues and the measurement of their temporal change. We present a method of hyperspectral\u0000imaging in the visible-near infrared range which allows both the separation and spatial allocation of different tissue types\u0000in a sample, as well as the temporal changes of the tissue as an effect of ageing. To prove the capability of the method,\u0000the ageing of meat (slices of pork) was measured and, as a medical example, the application of the hyperspectral imaging\u0000setup for the recording of wound tissue is presented. The method shows the ability to discriminate the different tissue\u0000components of pork meat, and the ageing of the meat is observable as changes in spectral features. An additional result of\u0000 our study is the fact that some spectral features, which seem to be typical for the ageing of the meat, are similar to those\u0000observed in the necrotic tissue from wound diagnostics in medicine.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sandt, Z. Dionnet, M. Toplak, E. Fernández, R. Brunetto, Ferenc Borondics
We compared hyperspectral infrared raster maps and images for contrast, definition and resolution of the same samples recorded with a confocal microscope coupled with a synchrotron radiation source vs a Focal Plane Array (FPA) detector equipped microscope. Biological samples (hair and skin sections) and astrophysics samples (meteoritic grains) were used. The samples presented are a few microns in size, such as embedded particles, a single unique cell or thin layer. Our results show that the actual spatial resolution and contrast of FPA images were lower than spectral maps from the confocal microscope. The FPA microscope also produced measurements that lacked accuracy: size of sample features and peak intensity were inaccurately estimated. More surprisingly, the intensity of absorption peaks in the FPA images was lower than the intensity measured from the same sample with a confocal microscope. Our measurements underlined the complementarity of FPA and confocal microscopes. FPA can be used to quickly measure the overall composition of a sample and detect the distribution of its components, but may fail measuring the exact chemical composition of the small features and may not detect weak spectral differences between adjacent positions. The averaging effect of aperture-less systems not only affects image resolution but also lowers their spectral accuracy. Confocal microscopes are inherently slower but give a more accurate measurement of the local composition at the diffraction limit.
{"title":"Performance comparison of aperture-less and confocal infrared microscopes","authors":"C. Sandt, Z. Dionnet, M. Toplak, E. Fernández, R. Brunetto, Ferenc Borondics","doi":"10.1255/JSI.2019.A8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JSI.2019.A8","url":null,"abstract":"We compared hyperspectral infrared raster maps and images for contrast, definition and resolution of the same\u0000samples recorded with a confocal microscope coupled with a synchrotron radiation source vs a Focal Plane Array (FPA)\u0000detector equipped microscope. Biological samples (hair and skin sections) and astrophysics samples (meteoritic grains)\u0000were used. The samples presented are a few microns in size, such as embedded particles, a single unique cell or thin\u0000layer. Our results show that the actual spatial resolution and contrast of FPA images were lower than spectral maps from\u0000the confocal microscope. The FPA microscope also produced measurements that lacked accuracy: size of sample\u0000features and peak intensity were inaccurately estimated. More surprisingly, the intensity of absorption peaks in the FPA\u0000images was lower than the intensity measured from the same sample with a confocal microscope. Our measurements\u0000underlined the complementarity of FPA and confocal microscopes. FPA can be used to quickly measure the overall\u0000composition of a sample and detect the distribution of its components, but may fail measuring the exact chemical\u0000composition of the small features and may not detect weak spectral differences between adjacent positions. The\u0000averaging effect of aperture-less systems not only affects image resolution but also lowers their spectral accuracy.\u0000Confocal microscopes are inherently slower but give a more accurate measurement of the local composition at the\u0000diffraction limit.","PeriodicalId":37385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spectral Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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