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Staging Race and Gender in the Era of Contemporary Crises: Dramas of African American Women Playwrights 当代危机时代的上演种族与性别:非裔美国女剧作家的戏剧
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0017
Ifeta Čirić-Fazlija
Abstract Starting from the premise that contemporary crisis is a pervasive continuation of the modern “series of interrelated crises” (Fernández-Caparrós and Brígido-Corachán vii), this article examines the manner in which the US theater has responded to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously considering crises as “agents of change and transformation” (xvii) and bearing in mind the #MeToo, and Black Lives Matter movements, the article questions the likelihood of contemporary American theater overcoming its own crisis of representation. Relating modern and current crises, the essay first outlines twentieth century dramatic literature and theatersi against the backdrop of the World Wars, the 1918 health crisis, economic depression, and post-war (racialized) society, focusing on plays by American women of color. The study then centers on dramatic and theatrical developments brought about by the annus horribilis of 2020, surveying new genres, authors and performances, and discerning no significant improvement in systemic discrimination on Broadway stages. The essay also offers complementary reading of Trouble in Mind (1955), a meta-drama mirroring systemic racial and gender discrimination in American theaters, and By the Way, Meet Vera Stark (2011) which unravels similar issues, albeit in the film industry.
从当代危机是现代“一系列相互关联的危机”(Fernández-Caparrós和Brígido-Corachán vii)的普遍延续这一前提出发,本文考察了美国战区应对COVID-19大流行爆发的方式。同时将危机视为“变革和转型的推动者”(xvii),并牢记#MeToo和Black Lives Matter运动,文章质疑当代美国戏剧克服自身表现危机的可能性。这篇文章结合了现代和当前的危机,首先概述了20世纪的戏剧文学和戏剧,以世界大战、1918年的健康危机、经济萧条和战后(种族化)社会为背景,重点关注美国有色人种女性的戏剧。然后,研究集中在2020年恐怖之年带来的戏剧和戏剧发展上,调查了新的流派、作者和表演,发现百老汇舞台上的系统性歧视没有显著改善。这篇文章还提供了对《心中的烦恼》(1955年)和《顺便说一下,认识维拉·斯塔克》(2011年)的补充阅读,后者揭示了类似的问题,尽管是在电影行业。《心中的烦恼》是一部反映美国影院系统性种族和性别歧视的元戏剧。
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引用次数: 0
From Race Crisis to Race Celebration: Online Body Politics and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theateri 从种族危机到种族庆祝:在线身体政治和阿尔文·艾利美国舞蹈剧院
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0016
M. Alexandru
Abstract Throughout the history of the United States, there have been many critical times associated with racism. When other forms of crisis overlap the existing ones – as the Covid-19 pandemic – even more challenges appear, calling for a more complex artistic response. The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater is well known across the United States and the world not only through their innovative ballet style (which builds on classical choreography and enriches it with creatively processed blues, jazz, and Afro-Caribbean tones), but also through what Thomas F. DeFrantz calls Alvin Ailey’s “embodiment of African American culture” in the subtitle of his book (Dancing Revelations, 2004). This essay looks at Ailey Theater’s politics of the dancing body, with a focus on recent productions included in the Ailey All Access online project, meant to replace a Fall 2021 United States tour that could not take place because of the pandemic. I will argue that the company’s choreographic overcoming and even beautifying sorrow through dance expands Ailey’s healing narrative about African American history to the Covid-19 pandemic. Their recent projects propose a desirable post-racist world, in which those who have been through much sorrow can support those who have been through less, and thus promote a politics of human togetherness, hope, and reconstruction.
纵观美国历史,有许多与种族主义有关的关键时期。当其他形式的危机与现有的危机重叠时,比如Covid-19大流行,就会出现更多的挑战,需要更复杂的艺术回应。Alvin Ailey美国舞蹈剧院在美国和世界闻名,不仅是因为他们创新的芭蕾舞风格(建立在经典编舞的基础上,并通过创造性地处理蓝调,爵士和非洲加勒比色调来丰富它),而且还因为Thomas F. DeFrantz在他的书的副标题中称Alvin Ailey为“非裔美国文化的化身”(Dancing Revelations, 2004)。本文着眼于艾莉剧院的舞蹈身体政治,重点关注艾莉所有访问在线项目中的最新作品,该项目旨在取代2021年秋季美国巡演,该巡演因疫情而无法进行。我认为,该公司的编舞通过舞蹈克服甚至美化了悲伤,将艾莉关于非裔美国人历史的治愈叙事扩展到了Covid-19大流行。他们最近的项目提出了一个理想的后种族主义世界,在这个世界里,那些经历过很多悲伤的人可以支持那些经历较少悲伤的人,从而促进人类团结、希望和重建的政治。
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引用次数: 0
Roy Youdale. Using Computers in the Translation of Literary Style: Challenges and Opportunities. Routledge, 2020. ISBN: 978-0-367-14123-3. Paperback £39.99 罗伊Youdale。计算机在文学风格翻译中的应用:挑战与机遇。劳特利奇,2020年。ISBN: 978-0-367-14123-3。平装£39.99
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0024
Alexandra Mitrea
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引用次数: 0
The Activism of Dance Performance in Appalachia: Utilizing the Arts to Address Social and Environmental Crisis and Injustice in the Mountains 阿巴拉契亚地区舞蹈表演的行动主义:利用艺术来解决山区的社会和环境危机和不公正
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0021
Theresa L. Burriss
Abstract For well over a century, the human and more-than-human of Central Appalachia have endured oppression and exploitation, primarily due to natural resource extraction. In spring 2008, the author led a dark touri to a mountaintop removal coalmining site in Southern West Virginia for colleagues, which included Dance Professor Deborah McLaughlin. As a result, the two collaborated on three evening-length dance/theater works highlighting social and environmental crises and injustices in the region. The performances incorporated contemporary dance, poetry, the spoken word, and the visual arts, as well as contemporary and traditional music. The first, Eating Appalachia: Selling Out to the Hungry Ghost, focused on mountaintop removal coalmining and its environmental and cultural destruction. With Sounds of Stories Dancing, the duo paid homage to millions of mountain residents forced to leave the region to find stable employment, despite longing to remain. In the final piece, The Shadow Waltz, they honored the lives of coalminers with black lung disease, as well as their families. This essay discusses the challenges of creating art that critiques socially constructed messages portrayed as given truths, as well as the educational and social successes of daring to dance truth to power.
一个多世纪以来,阿巴拉契亚中部的人类和非人类一直忍受着压迫和剥削,主要是由于自然资源的开采。2008年春天,作者带领同事们到西弗吉尼亚州南部的一个山顶采煤地点进行黑暗旅行,其中包括舞蹈教授黛博拉·麦克劳克林。因此,两人合作了三个晚上长度的舞蹈/戏剧作品,突出了该地区的社会和环境危机以及不公正。表演融合了当代舞蹈、诗歌、口语、视觉艺术,以及当代和传统音乐。第一篇,《吃阿巴拉契亚:卖给饿鬼》,聚焦于山顶移除、煤矿开采及其对环境和文化的破坏。在《舞动的故事之声》中,两人向数百万被迫离开该地区寻找稳定工作的山区居民致敬,尽管他们渴望留下来。在最后一首作品《影子华尔兹》中,他们向患有黑肺病的矿工及其家人的生命致敬。这篇文章讨论了创作艺术的挑战,批评社会构建的信息被描绘成给定的真理,以及敢于在权力面前跳舞的真理在教育和社会上的成功。
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引用次数: 0
The Fall of the House of Weston and the Crumbling of the American Dream in Tracy Letts’s August: Osage County 在特蕾西·莱茨的《八月:奥塞奇县》中,韦斯顿家族的衰落和美国梦的破灭
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0020
Raluca Moldovan
Abstract Tracy Letts is one of the best-known and most successful American playwrights of the 21st century, having won critical and popular acclaim both for his writing and acting. August: Osage County, probably his most celebrated play, premiered in 2007 and introduced the theater-going public to the dysfunctional Weston family, who reunite in a stifling, decaying Oklahoma mansion after the family patriarch’s suicide. The Westons’ familial crisis is manifested through addiction, violence, aggressiveness, adultery, rape and incest, each member having their own secrets and troubles. The present article aims, first, to examine how the characters deal with their personal crises and second, how the perceived sense of crisis and decline in the American society at large (both in a longer historical sense and in a sense contemporary to the events of the play) pushed family patriarch Beverly Weston to commit suicide out of a sense of profound hopelessness and disillusionment. Letts, by bringing familial crisis and conflict into the spotlight, shows how the disintegration of the Westons’ family ties mirrors, to a significant extent, the crumbling of the American Dream.
特蕾西·莱茨是21世纪最著名、最成功的美国剧作家之一,他的写作和表演都赢得了评论界和大众的赞誉。《八月:奥塞奇县》可能是他最著名的戏剧,于2007年首演,向戏剧观众介绍了功能失调的韦斯顿家族,在家族元老自杀后,他们在俄克拉何马州一栋令人窒息的腐朽豪宅中团聚。韦斯顿一家的家庭危机表现为成瘾、暴力、好斗、通奸、强奸和乱伦,每个成员都有自己的秘密和烦恼。本文的目的是,首先,研究人物如何处理他们的个人危机,其次,如何感知到的危机和美国社会的衰退(在更长的历史意义上,在某种意义上,当代的戏剧事件)推动家庭家长贝弗利·韦斯顿自杀的深刻绝望和幻灭感。莱茨通过将家庭危机和冲突置于聚光灯下,展示了韦斯顿家族关系的瓦解如何在很大程度上反映了美国梦的破灭。
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引用次数: 0
Reviews: Arleen Ionescu and Maria Margaroni, eds. Arts of Healing: Cultural Narratives of Trauma. London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2020. Pp. 320. ISBN 978-1-78661-097-3 (paperback); 978-1-78661-098-0 (electronic) 评论:Arleen Ionescu和Maria Margaroni编。治疗的艺术:创伤的文化叙事。伦敦:Rowman and Littlefield, 2020。320页。ISBN 978-1-78661-097-3(平装本);978-1-78661-098-0(电子)
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0023
Dragoş Ivana
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引用次数: 0
Staging (during) Crisis: Indigenous Zoomlets in the Pandemic 危机(期间)的分期:大流行中的土著Zoomlets
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0015
C. Waegner
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic with its lockdowns and social distancing whirled theaters worldwide into an economic and cultural crisis. The San Francisco Playhouse, however, implemented an experimental theater genre based on computer-mediated communication (CMC) that proved to be highly productive and successful. The “Monday night Zoomlets” presented short plays by, among others, Indigenous authors, embedded in discussion by director, actors, and playwright, with a second reading of the play applying the insights gained. The presentations took advantage of technical finesses, as well as informality and humor, and the Zoom spectators in their home settings could interact via a chat function. This article analyzes three of the innovative Zoomlets focusing on crises in contemporary Native American families, crises that have arisen through the “slow violence” (Nixon) of centuries-long hegemonic colonization. DeLanna Studi’s Flight, Claude Jackson Jr.’s Cashed Out, and Lee Cataluna’s Funeral Attire. All these plays show young Native Americans attempting to reclaim rituals or knowledges through forms of “remembering,” a feature of twenty-first-century Indigenous theater according to engagé drama theorists Jaye Darby, Courtney Mohler, and Christy Stanlake’s Critical Companion to Native American and First Nations Theatre and Performance (2020). Relevant theories of transformations of chronotope, fourth wall, and third skin in performance within the Zoom environment are considered.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行带来的封锁和社交距离,使世界各地的剧院陷入了经济和文化危机。然而,旧金山剧场实施了一种基于计算机媒介通信(CMC)的实验戏剧类型,证明是高效和成功的。“周一晚上的Zoomlets”展示了土著作家的短剧,导演、演员和剧作家进行了深入的讨论,并将所获得的见解应用于戏剧的第二次阅读。演示充分利用了技术技巧、非正式性和幽默感,Zoom观众在家中可以通过聊天功能进行互动。本文分析了三部创新的zoomlet,聚焦于当代美洲原住民家庭的危机,这些危机是通过几个世纪以来霸权殖民的“缓慢暴力”(尼克松)而产生的。迪兰娜·斯图迪的《飞行》,小克劳德·杰克逊的《变现》,还有李·卡塔鲁纳的《丧服》。所有这些戏剧都展示了年轻的美洲原住民试图通过“记忆”的形式来收回仪式或知识,根据戏剧理论家杰伊·达比、考特尼·莫勒和克里斯蒂·斯坦莱克的《美洲原住民和第一民族戏剧与表演的关键伴侣》(2020年),这是21世纪土著戏剧的一个特征。在Zoom环境中,考虑了计时盘、第四面墙和第三皮肤在性能上的转换的相关理论。
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引用次数: 0
Editors’ Note: Crises on Stage: Imagining New Worlds 编者按:《舞台上的危机:想象新世界
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0014
F. Londré, D. Benea, Ludmila Martanovschi
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引用次数: 0
The N-Word and Other Sticky Issues: Considering Alice Childress’s Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Relationship in Black and White in the Black Lives Matter Era n字和其他棘手的问题:想想爱丽丝·蔡尔德里斯的结婚戒指:黑人的命也是命时代黑人和白人的爱/恨关系
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0018
T. L. Bennett
Abstract Alice Herndon Childress’s 1962 play Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White mines many of the issues that the most recent US race crisis has brought to the forefront, but in the twenty-first century, a long overdue shift in political climate has raised new questions regarding what is acceptable, even in the realm of art. Childress investigates oppressive forces through realistic, compelling characters and setting, and electric dialogue, yet in doing so, she employs the N-word and other disturbing epithets that discomfit contemporary students, actors, and audiences. In a time when use of such words can result in one’s being fired or sued, do the lessons of this play outweigh the turmoil that such terms can cause? This study argues that they do, with an important caveat: just as words’ meanings are contingent on their context, the positive power of the play is contingent on careful treatment of it, suggesting that current US sociopolitical crises, like those of the past, cannot be satisfactorily resolved by simple rules or mandates.
爱丽丝·赫恩登·柴尔德里斯1962年的戏剧《婚礼乐队:黑人与白人的爱恨故事》(Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White)将最近美国种族危机带来的许多问题带到了最前沿,但在21世纪,一场姗姗姗姗来的政治气候变化提出了新的问题,即什么是可以接受的,甚至在艺术领域。柴尔德里斯通过现实的、引人注目的人物和背景,以及令人兴奋的对话来调查压迫力量,但在这样做的过程中,她使用了n字和其他令人不安的绰号,让当代学生、演员和观众感到不安。在一个使用这些词语可能导致被解雇或被起诉的时代,这出戏的教训是否超过了这些词语可能造成的混乱?这项研究认为,他们确实如此,但有一个重要的警告:正如单词的含义取决于其上下文,戏剧的积极力量取决于对它的仔细处理,这表明,当前的美国社会政治危机,就像过去一样,不能通过简单的规则或命令来令人满意地解决。
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引用次数: 0
The Cuban Rafter Crisis on Stage: Humanizing the Experience of Refugees in María Irene Fornés’ Manual for a Desperate Crossing 舞台上的古巴椽子危机:María中难民经历的人性化Irene forn<s:1>的《绝望的穿越手册》
IF 0.2 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0019
Araceli González Crespán
Abstract The Cuban-born playwright María Irene Fornés (1930-2018) repeatedly dealt with migration in several plays throughout her long career in theater, sometimes presenting characters who were immigrants living in New York (Sarita) or resorting to correspondence between distant relatives separated in different countries (La Viuda, Letters from Cuba). Manual for a Desperate Crossing was her response to the Cuban Rafter Crisis of the mid-1990s. The article analyzes how the playwright makes use of a combination of objective and subjective strategies to counteract the dehumanizing effect of media coverage, shifting the focus to the individuals who risked their lives in the perilous crossing of the Caribbean Sea in rickety rafts from Cuba to the Florida shores. The emphasis on the transit as a theme and the mixture of instructional, technical discourses with highly stylized stage design and different audiovisual media forces us to look in a different, immersive way that generates empathy towards the refugees.
古巴出生的剧作家María Irene fornsamus(1930-2018)在她漫长的戏剧生涯中,多次在几部戏剧中处理移民问题,有时表现的是生活在纽约的移民(Sarita),或者是在不同国家分居的远亲之间的通信(La Viuda,来自古巴的信件)。《绝望穿越手册》是她对20世纪90年代中期古巴木筏危机的回应。本文分析了这位剧作家如何运用客观与主观相结合的策略来抵消媒体报道的非人性化效果,将焦点转移到那些冒着生命危险乘坐摇摇晃晃的木筏从古巴横渡加勒比海到佛罗里达海岸的个人身上。强调过境作为一个主题,将教学、技术话语与高度程式化的舞台设计和不同的视听媒体相结合,迫使我们以一种不同的、身临其境的方式来看待难民,从而产生对难民的同情。
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引用次数: 0
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American, British and Canadian Studies
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