Marina Moirano, Aldo Sgaravatti, Fernando Massa, Gabriela Fajardo, Noelia Riverón, Geraldine Sena, Mariana Simoncelli, Florencia Sanchez, Natalia Guevara, Marta Vazquez, Cecilia Maldonado
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a clinical-biological syndrome in older adults that carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes. Biomarkers of disability are being studied and some acylcarnitines and amino acids are part of the predictive models. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the status of L-carnitine, some acylcarnitines and amino acids and relate them to frailty, sarcopenia and diet in a community-dwelling Uruguayan older population. METHODS: Participants were enrolled and assessed through a multi-step process, that included frailty and sarcopenia criteria. L-carnitine, its acyl derivatives and amino acids were determined in blood by LC-MS/MS and dietary intake by a 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-three older adults were enrolled, and 54 completed the initial assessment. Pre-frailty criteria were fulfilled by 41 participants and frailty only by one. No nutritional indicators of undernutrition were found. Probable sarcopenia was found in 20 cases. Males consumed more total meat and red meat than women. Hexanoylcarnitine levels were higher in pre-frail/frail individuals and in weak ones. Analysis by sex showed a distinct pattern between gender, being significant only for weak females. Methionine also showed some differences between sexes. Weak males presented significantly higher levels of methionine, whereas weak females showed significantly lower ones. CONCLUSIONS: No associations were found for diet components and L-carnitine, acylcarnitines and amino acids values, except for the percentage of animal protein that was higher in weak males. The clinical impact of these results needs further investigation.
{"title":"Status of carnitine and circulating amino acids and its association with pre-frailty, sarcopenia and diet in an Uruguayan older population","authors":"Marina Moirano, Aldo Sgaravatti, Fernando Massa, Gabriela Fajardo, Noelia Riverón, Geraldine Sena, Mariana Simoncelli, Florencia Sanchez, Natalia Guevara, Marta Vazquez, Cecilia Maldonado","doi":"10.3233/nha-220186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220186","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Frailty is a clinical-biological syndrome in older adults that carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes. Biomarkers of disability are being studied and some acylcarnitines and amino acids are part of the predictive models. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the status of L-carnitine, some acylcarnitines and amino acids and relate them to frailty, sarcopenia and diet in a community-dwelling Uruguayan older population. METHODS: Participants were enrolled and assessed through a multi-step process, that included frailty and sarcopenia criteria. L-carnitine, its acyl derivatives and amino acids were determined in blood by LC-MS/MS and dietary intake by a 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-three older adults were enrolled, and 54 completed the initial assessment. Pre-frailty criteria were fulfilled by 41 participants and frailty only by one. No nutritional indicators of undernutrition were found. Probable sarcopenia was found in 20 cases. Males consumed more total meat and red meat than women. Hexanoylcarnitine levels were higher in pre-frail/frail individuals and in weak ones. Analysis by sex showed a distinct pattern between gender, being significant only for weak females. Methionine also showed some differences between sexes. Weak males presented significantly higher levels of methionine, whereas weak females showed significantly lower ones. CONCLUSIONS: No associations were found for diet components and L-carnitine, acylcarnitines and amino acids values, except for the percentage of animal protein that was higher in weak males. The clinical impact of these results needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Increase in dementias globally is a burden to patients, caregivers, the healthcare system, and the communities in which they live. Understanding nutritional patterns and how they may impact the prevention of these conditions will be critical moving forward. The known impact of minerals such as potassium and magnesium on conditions such as hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation – all of which directly impact cognitive health – warrant further study as to their potential direct effects on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE: To determine if low potassium and magnesium blood levels and dietary intakes are associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults over a 6-year span. METHODS: Linear regression models were used to describe the associations between potassium and magnesium intakes and cognitive function scores of participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) dataset over 6 years of follow up. Associations with blood values were also assessed. Variables controlled for included total HEI score, a measure of dietary quality. 9,044 participants were included. All linear regression models were run with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Levels of blood potassium and magnesium, in univariate as well as in multivariate analysis were found to have no significant association with cognitive decline. Likewise, intake levels of both minerals were shown to have no significant association with cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: In 9,044 participants, ages 44 to 66, potassium and magnesium intake and blood serum levels were found to have no significant association with cognitive decline in fully controlled models over 6 years in the ARIC cohort.
{"title":"Potassium and magnesium and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults","authors":"Amanda E. Harner, Martin M. Root","doi":"10.3233/nha-220185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220185","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Increase in dementias globally is a burden to patients, caregivers, the healthcare system, and the communities in which they live. Understanding nutritional patterns and how they may impact the prevention of these conditions will be critical moving forward. The known impact of minerals such as potassium and magnesium on conditions such as hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation – all of which directly impact cognitive health – warrant further study as to their potential direct effects on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE: To determine if low potassium and magnesium blood levels and dietary intakes are associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults over a 6-year span. METHODS: Linear regression models were used to describe the associations between potassium and magnesium intakes and cognitive function scores of participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) dataset over 6 years of follow up. Associations with blood values were also assessed. Variables controlled for included total HEI score, a measure of dietary quality. 9,044 participants were included. All linear regression models were run with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Levels of blood potassium and magnesium, in univariate as well as in multivariate analysis were found to have no significant association with cognitive decline. Likewise, intake levels of both minerals were shown to have no significant association with cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: In 9,044 participants, ages 44 to 66, potassium and magnesium intake and blood serum levels were found to have no significant association with cognitive decline in fully controlled models over 6 years in the ARIC cohort.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46730663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3233/NHA-220192
Zeinah Al-Darsani, David R Jacobs, R Nick Bryan, Lenore J Launer, Lyn M Steffen, Kristine Yaffe, James M Shikany, Andrew O Odegaard
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked with better cognitive function and brain integrity.
Objective: To examine the association of modified Mediterranean diet (mMedDiet) scores from early through middle adulthood in relation to volumetric and microstructural midlife MRI brain measures. Assess the association of mMedDiet and brain measures with four cognitive domains. If variables are correlated, determine if brain measures mediate the relationship between mMedDiet and cognition.
Methods: 618 participants (mean age 25.4±3.5 at year 0) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were included. Cumulative average mMedDiet scores were calculated by averaging scores from years 0, 7, and 20. MRI scans were obtained at years 25 and 30. General linear models were used to examine the association between mMedDiet and brain measures.
Results: Higher cumulative average mMedDiet scores were associated with better microstructural white matter (WM) integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) at years 25 and 30 (all ptrend <0.05). Higher mMedDiet scores at year 7 were associated with higher WM FA at year 25 (β= 0.003, ptrend = 0.03). Higher mMedDiet scores at year 20 associated with higher WM FA at years 25 (β= 0.0005, ptrend = 0.002) and 30 (β= 0.0003, ptrend = 0.02). mMedDiet scores were not associated with brain volumes. Higher mMedDiet scores and WM FA were both correlated with better executive function, processing speed, and global cognition (all ptrend <0.05). WM FA did not mediate the association between mMedDiet scores and cognition.
Conclusions: mMedDiet scores may be associated with microstructural WM integrity at midlife.
{"title":"Measures of MRI Brain Biomarkers in Middle Age According to Average Modified Mediterranean Diet Scores Throughout Young and Middle Adulthood.","authors":"Zeinah Al-Darsani, David R Jacobs, R Nick Bryan, Lenore J Launer, Lyn M Steffen, Kristine Yaffe, James M Shikany, Andrew O Odegaard","doi":"10.3233/NHA-220192","DOIUrl":"10.3233/NHA-220192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked with better cognitive function and brain integrity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of modified Mediterranean diet (mMedDiet) scores from early through middle adulthood in relation to volumetric and microstructural midlife MRI brain measures. Assess the association of mMedDiet and brain measures with four cognitive domains. If variables are correlated, determine if brain measures mediate the relationship between mMedDiet and cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>618 participants (mean age 25.4±3.5 at year 0) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were included. Cumulative average mMedDiet scores were calculated by averaging scores from years 0, 7, and 20. MRI scans were obtained at years 25 and 30. General linear models were used to examine the association between mMedDiet and brain measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher cumulative average mMedDiet scores were associated with better microstructural white matter (WM) integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) at years 25 and 30 (all p<sub>trend</sub> <0.05). Higher mMedDiet scores at year 7 were associated with higher WM FA at year 25 (β= 0.003, p<sub>trend</sub> = 0.03). Higher mMedDiet scores at year 20 associated with higher WM FA at years 25 (β= 0.0005, p<sub>trend</sub> = 0.002) and 30 (β= 0.0003, p<sub>trend</sub> = 0.02). mMedDiet scores were not associated with brain volumes. Higher mMedDiet scores and WM FA were both correlated with better executive function, processing speed, and global cognition (all p<sub>trend</sub> <0.05). WM FA did not mediate the association between mMedDiet scores and cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mMedDiet scores may be associated with microstructural WM integrity at midlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"8 1","pages":"109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43386879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Coffey, Fiona O' Leary, A. Roberts, B. Plant, M. Hayes
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) is widespread among patients with long- and short-term medical conditions. Although ONS serve an important purpose in the management of malnutrition, their effect on the oral hard and soft tissues is not well understood. The aim of this article is to conduct an analysis of the available literature relating to ONS and their impact on the oral environment. METHODS: This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines adapted by Liberati. The PICO question is as follows: Population: Individuals (both children and adults) Intervention: Use of Oral Nutritional Supplements Comparison: Individuals not taking Oral Nutritional Supplements Outcome: Increased risk of oral disease (specifically dental caries, periodontal disease or candida) The research question was “Are people who take ONS at higher risk of oral diseases than the general population?” Eligibility criteria The results obtained from the literature search were filtered, according to these inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Individuals were prescribed Oral Nutritional Supplements • All studies were included, including, case– control, cohort, cross-sectional or case studies. • Studies were included if they directly compared the association between ONS and oral health i.e. Effect of ONS on the oral environment had to be one of the aims of the study • Studies on human subjects or in vitro experiments • Published in English language • Studies from 1960 to the present day Exclusion criteria • Studies not in English • Review articles and case series were excluded • Studies including the use of other nutritional supplements such as vitamin or herbal supplements were not included. • Other supplemental feeding methods such as enteral or parenteral feeding were not examined 4 databases were searched: Medline (via Ebsco), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS: A total of 58 records were identified through databases and searching bibliographies. 50 publications were excluded from the review, based on study title and abstract. The full text of eight articles were assessed for eligibility. No article answered the primary aim of the systematic review. Three articles discussed the secondary aim of the systematic review and these were included in the qualitative systematic review. The main outcome of the first study showed that the ONS had higher cariogenic potential than milk due to it’s higher acidogenicity. However, there was no statistical difference in dentine demineralisation and no significant difference in viable micro-organisms present. The main outcome of the second study showed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans all grew at room temperature in the dairy-based ONS collected, and that C. albicans also grew in the juice which was milk protei
背景和目的：口服营养补充剂（ONS）在患有长期和短期疾病的患者中广泛使用。尽管ONS在营养不良的管理中具有重要作用，但其对口腔硬组织和软组织的影响尚不清楚。本文的目的是对现有的有关ONS的文献及其对口腔环境的影响进行分析。方法：本研究遵循Liberati改编的系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。PICO问题如下：人群：个体（儿童和成人）干预：口服营养补充剂的使用比较：未服用口服营养补充剂个体结果：口腔疾病（特别是龋齿、牙周病或念珠菌）风险增加研究问题“服用国家统计局的人患口腔疾病的风险比普通人群高吗？”资格标准根据这些纳入和排除标准，对文献检索结果进行筛选：纳入标准•个人服用口服营养补充剂•所有研究都包括在内，包括病例对照、队列、，横断面或案例研究。•如果研究直接比较了ONS与口腔健康之间的关系，即ONS对口腔环境的影响必须是研究的目标之一，则纳入研究。•对人类受试者的研究或体外实验•以英语发表•1960年至今的研究排除标准•非英语研究•综述文章和案例系列被排除•包括使用维生素或草药补充剂等其他营养补充剂的研究不包括在内。•其他补充喂养方法，如肠内或肠外喂养，未进行检查。搜索了4个数据库：Medline（通过Ebsco）、Embase、Web of Science Core Collection、Google Scholar。使用ROBINS-I工具评估偏倚风险。结果：通过数据库检索和文献检索，共检索到58篇文献。根据研究标题和摘要，50篇出版物被排除在审查之外。对八篇文章的全文进行了资格评估。没有一篇文章回答系统审查的主要目的。三篇文章讨论了系统综述的次要目的，这些都包括在定性系统综述中。第一项研究的主要结果表明，与牛奶相比，ONS具有更高的致龋潜力，因为它的致酸性更高。然而，在牙本质脱矿方面没有统计学差异，存在的活微生物也没有显著差异。第二项研究的主要结果表明，大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌都在室温下在收集的基于乳制品的ONS中生长，白色念珠菌也在不含牛奶蛋白质和脂质的果汁中生长。第三项研究表明，ONS对牙釉质具有“潜在的致龋作用”。讨论：两项研究被认为是“低”偏倚，但另一项研究被视为“严重”偏倚。所有的研究都强调了口服营养补充剂引起牙齿疾病的可能性，但没有足够的研究表明其原因。由于这些补充剂的高糖含量，以及已知的牙科影响，对这一领域进行更多的研究将是有益的。
{"title":"Dental and oral implications of prescribed Oral Nutritional Supplements for disease related malnutrition- A systematic review","authors":"N. Coffey, Fiona O' Leary, A. Roberts, B. Plant, M. Hayes","doi":"10.3233/nha-220171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220171","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) is widespread among patients with long- and short-term medical conditions. Although ONS serve an important purpose in the management of malnutrition, their effect on the oral hard and soft tissues is not well understood. The aim of this article is to conduct an analysis of the available literature relating to ONS and their impact on the oral environment. METHODS: This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines adapted by Liberati. The PICO question is as follows: Population: Individuals (both children and adults) Intervention: Use of Oral Nutritional Supplements Comparison: Individuals not taking Oral Nutritional Supplements Outcome: Increased risk of oral disease (specifically dental caries, periodontal disease or candida) The research question was “Are people who take ONS at higher risk of oral diseases than the general population?” Eligibility criteria The results obtained from the literature search were filtered, according to these inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Individuals were prescribed Oral Nutritional Supplements • All studies were included, including, case– control, cohort, cross-sectional or case studies. • Studies were included if they directly compared the association between ONS and oral health i.e. Effect of ONS on the oral environment had to be one of the aims of the study • Studies on human subjects or in vitro experiments • Published in English language • Studies from 1960 to the present day Exclusion criteria • Studies not in English • Review articles and case series were excluded • Studies including the use of other nutritional supplements such as vitamin or herbal supplements were not included. • Other supplemental feeding methods such as enteral or parenteral feeding were not examined 4 databases were searched: Medline (via Ebsco), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS: A total of 58 records were identified through databases and searching bibliographies. 50 publications were excluded from the review, based on study title and abstract. The full text of eight articles were assessed for eligibility. No article answered the primary aim of the systematic review. Three articles discussed the secondary aim of the systematic review and these were included in the qualitative systematic review. The main outcome of the first study showed that the ONS had higher cariogenic potential than milk due to it’s higher acidogenicity. However, there was no statistical difference in dentine demineralisation and no significant difference in viable micro-organisms present. The main outcome of the second study showed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans all grew at room temperature in the dairy-based ONS collected, and that C. albicans also grew in the juice which was milk protei","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Surya, Ervan Surya, F. Nurkolis, Reinaldo Socorro Santos, Y. Suryani
BACKGROUND: Diet quality is suggested to be an important element in a healthy aging experience among elderly population. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of diet quality and parameters related to healthy aging in elderly living in urban areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1,355 older adults aged 60 years or older living in big cities in Indonesia from April 2016 until June 2017. Diet quality was assessed using the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) while healthy aging was determined using the healthy aging index (HAI) consisting of 5 physiological indicators: systolic blood pressure, forced vital capacity, random blood glucose, serum cystatin C, and digit symbol substitution test. The correlation among study variables was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test and linear regression test. RESULTS: The HEI-2015 and HAI scores obtained in this study were (48.8±3.5) and (5.2±0.3) respectively, thus demonstrating a slightly poor diet quality and health status. The HEI-2015 score was strongly associated with the HAI (ρ=–0.85, p<0.05; β=–0.08, 95% CI: –0.13–(–0.02), p<0.05). Four components of the HEI-2015 were found to be strongly associated with the HAI score: whole fruits, total vegetables, sodium, and added sugars. The physiological parameters of the HAI correlating strongly with the HEI-2015 score were systolic blood pressure and random blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to establish the strong correlation between the HEI-2015 and HAI. Our findings suggest that improving diet quality would help urban elderly support their healthy aging experience.
{"title":"Better diet quality is associated with healthier aging among urban elderly","authors":"R. Surya, Ervan Surya, F. Nurkolis, Reinaldo Socorro Santos, Y. Suryani","doi":"10.3233/nha-220178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220178","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diet quality is suggested to be an important element in a healthy aging experience among elderly population. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of diet quality and parameters related to healthy aging in elderly living in urban areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1,355 older adults aged 60 years or older living in big cities in Indonesia from April 2016 until June 2017. Diet quality was assessed using the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) while healthy aging was determined using the healthy aging index (HAI) consisting of 5 physiological indicators: systolic blood pressure, forced vital capacity, random blood glucose, serum cystatin C, and digit symbol substitution test. The correlation among study variables was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test and linear regression test. RESULTS: The HEI-2015 and HAI scores obtained in this study were (48.8±3.5) and (5.2±0.3) respectively, thus demonstrating a slightly poor diet quality and health status. The HEI-2015 score was strongly associated with the HAI (ρ=–0.85, p<0.05; β=–0.08, 95% CI: –0.13–(–0.02), p<0.05). Four components of the HEI-2015 were found to be strongly associated with the HAI score: whole fruits, total vegetables, sodium, and added sugars. The physiological parameters of the HAI correlating strongly with the HEI-2015 score were systolic blood pressure and random blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to establish the strong correlation between the HEI-2015 and HAI. Our findings suggest that improving diet quality would help urban elderly support their healthy aging experience.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41601980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hiol, P. V. von Hurst, C. Conlon, Karen D. Mumme, K. Beck
BACKGROUND: To maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS), older adults should consume≥1.2 g/kg body weight (BW) of high-quality protein, evenly distributed across the day ( 0.4 g/kg BW per meal). OBJECTIVES: To investigate protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Data (including a 4-day food record) were obtained from the Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study in adults aged 65 to 74 years. RESULTS: Participants (n = 327, 65.4% female) had a median daily protein intake of 1.16 g/kg BW (males) and 1.09 g/kg BW (females). Over half of participants consumed less than 1.2 g protein/kg BW/day (62% females, 57% males). Protein intake was unevenly distributed throughout the day (CV = 0.48 for males and females) and was inadequate for reaching 0.4 g/kg BW/meal at breakfast and at the mid-day meal (males only). The main sources of protein at breakfast were milk (28%), breakfast cereals (22%), and bread (12%); at the mid-day meal, bread (18%), cheese (10%) and milk (9%); and at the evening meal, meat provided over half the protein (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Protein intake for a high proportion of older adults was less than 1.2 g/kg BW/day, and unevenly distributed through the day. Protein was obtained mainly from cereals and dairy products at breakfast and the mid-day meal, and meat sources at the evening meal.
{"title":"Protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand","authors":"A. Hiol, P. V. von Hurst, C. Conlon, Karen D. Mumme, K. Beck","doi":"10.3233/nha-220176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220176","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS), older adults should consume≥1.2 g/kg body weight (BW) of high-quality protein, evenly distributed across the day ( 0.4 g/kg BW per meal). OBJECTIVES: To investigate protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Data (including a 4-day food record) were obtained from the Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study in adults aged 65 to 74 years. RESULTS: Participants (n = 327, 65.4% female) had a median daily protein intake of 1.16 g/kg BW (males) and 1.09 g/kg BW (females). Over half of participants consumed less than 1.2 g protein/kg BW/day (62% females, 57% males). Protein intake was unevenly distributed throughout the day (CV = 0.48 for males and females) and was inadequate for reaching 0.4 g/kg BW/meal at breakfast and at the mid-day meal (males only). The main sources of protein at breakfast were milk (28%), breakfast cereals (22%), and bread (12%); at the mid-day meal, bread (18%), cheese (10%) and milk (9%); and at the evening meal, meat provided over half the protein (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Protein intake for a high proportion of older adults was less than 1.2 g/kg BW/day, and unevenly distributed through the day. Protein was obtained mainly from cereals and dairy products at breakfast and the mid-day meal, and meat sources at the evening meal.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47845532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upasana Mukherjee, J. Dawson, J. Chalwe, W. Oldewage-Theron
BACKGROUND: Women are at most risk for chronic diseases which can be prevented by healthy dietary choices. Evidence exists that nutrition education interventions (NEIs) are effective in educating community-dwelling women to modify their behavior for better health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to implement a need-based, tailored NEI and evaluate its effectiveness in improving nutrition and soy knowledge and self-efficacy of participants in the intervention group compared to a control group. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre-post-study design was used in a convenience sample of 149 women from the copper belt region of Zambia. The health belief model (HBM) informed the NEI, which consisted of six lessons, three cooking demonstrations, and an illustrative recipe book. Nutrition and soy knowledge scores and self-efficacy scores were evaluated using validated and reliable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, version 26, and mean change scores in knowledge and self-efficacy were compared between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS: The average improvement in the scores for total nutrition knowledge and all six sub-sections of knowledge was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The mean total self-efficacy score for the intervention group improved significantly (p = 5.7767e-20) from a pre-intervention score of 29.9±7.4 to 57.3±7.0 after the implementation of the NEI. No significant improvement (p = 0.904) in the control group was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term, multi-component NEI was effective in improving the nutrition and soy knowledge and soy cooking self-efficacy of the participants in the intervention group.
{"title":"Effectiveness of a short-term soy nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy scores of rural elderly Zambian women","authors":"Upasana Mukherjee, J. Dawson, J. Chalwe, W. Oldewage-Theron","doi":"10.3233/nha-210138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-210138","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Women are at most risk for chronic diseases which can be prevented by healthy dietary choices. Evidence exists that nutrition education interventions (NEIs) are effective in educating community-dwelling women to modify their behavior for better health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to implement a need-based, tailored NEI and evaluate its effectiveness in improving nutrition and soy knowledge and self-efficacy of participants in the intervention group compared to a control group. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre-post-study design was used in a convenience sample of 149 women from the copper belt region of Zambia. The health belief model (HBM) informed the NEI, which consisted of six lessons, three cooking demonstrations, and an illustrative recipe book. Nutrition and soy knowledge scores and self-efficacy scores were evaluated using validated and reliable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, version 26, and mean change scores in knowledge and self-efficacy were compared between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS: The average improvement in the scores for total nutrition knowledge and all six sub-sections of knowledge was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The mean total self-efficacy score for the intervention group improved significantly (p = 5.7767e-20) from a pre-intervention score of 29.9±7.4 to 57.3±7.0 after the implementation of the NEI. No significant improvement (p = 0.904) in the control group was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term, multi-component NEI was effective in improving the nutrition and soy knowledge and soy cooking self-efficacy of the participants in the intervention group.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Almer, M. D. Semeraro, A. Meinitzer, D. Enko, Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, Birgit Gall, A. Horvath, C. Moissl-Eichinger, H. Till, H. Gruber, M. Herrmann
BACKGROUD: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) represents a gut metabolite and it's physiological concentration is proposed to be influenced by the abundance of precursor trimethylamine (TMA)-producing microbiota in the gut. OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, modify the microbiome, but their long-term impact on plasma TMAO and TMA production in the gut is poorly understood. METHODS: Fecal microbiome composition was analyzed and correlated with TMAO serum concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats that received either a healthy normal or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 months. Half of the animals performed regular running exercise, the other half served as sedentary controls. RESULTS: HFD consumption induced an alteration of the fecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity on ASV levels. More importantly, HFD reduced the abundance of genera containing potential TMA producers, such as certain members of Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae. In line with this observation, serum TMAO concentrations were found to be lower with HFD and to correlate with the abundance of these genera. Regular exercise also induced changes in microbiome beta diversity but had no effect on serum TMAO in female rats. CONCLUSION: A diet containing high amounts of dietary fat reduced serum TMAO, probably through a reduced intestinal abundance of TMA-producing bacteria. In contrast, regular exercise altered beta diversity of the microbiome composition, but without significant effects on serum TMAO concentrations.
{"title":"Impact of long-term high dietary fat intake and regular exercise on serum TMAO and microbiome composition in female rats","authors":"G. Almer, M. D. Semeraro, A. Meinitzer, D. Enko, Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, Birgit Gall, A. Horvath, C. Moissl-Eichinger, H. Till, H. Gruber, M. Herrmann","doi":"10.3233/nha-220198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220198","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUD: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) represents a gut metabolite and it's physiological concentration is proposed to be influenced by the abundance of precursor trimethylamine (TMA)-producing microbiota in the gut. OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, modify the microbiome, but their long-term impact on plasma TMAO and TMA production in the gut is poorly understood. METHODS: Fecal microbiome composition was analyzed and correlated with TMAO serum concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats that received either a healthy normal or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 months. Half of the animals performed regular running exercise, the other half served as sedentary controls. RESULTS: HFD consumption induced an alteration of the fecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity on ASV levels. More importantly, HFD reduced the abundance of genera containing potential TMA producers, such as certain members of Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae. In line with this observation, serum TMAO concentrations were found to be lower with HFD and to correlate with the abundance of these genera. Regular exercise also induced changes in microbiome beta diversity but had no effect on serum TMAO in female rats. CONCLUSION: A diet containing high amounts of dietary fat reduced serum TMAO, probably through a reduced intestinal abundance of TMA-producing bacteria. In contrast, regular exercise altered beta diversity of the microbiome composition, but without significant effects on serum TMAO concentrations.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Prasanth, A. Prasansuklab, Kanika Verma, J. Brimson, D. Malar, T. Tencomnao
BACKGROUND: Hylocereus undatus is a traditional medicinal plant known for its medicinal, nutritional and commercial uses. OBJECTIVE: To address the anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacies of fruit peel extracts of H. undatus using Caenorhabditis elegans model. METHODS: C. elegans (wild-type (N2), transgenic and mutant strains) were treated with H. undatus and monitored for lifespan and neuroprotection through physiological assays, fluorescence microscopy and qPCR analysis. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the phytochemicals present in the extract. Molecular docking studies were employed to identify the interaction mode of selected phytochemicals with Aβ, DAF-16 and SKN-1. RESULTS: The extract was able to extend the lifespan of C. elegans (N2), extend the lifespan and reduce paralysis of Aβ transgenic strains CL2006 and CL4176, suggesting its anti-aging and neuroprotective potential. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals including homostachydrine, betaine, syringic acid, typhaneoside, rutin, and behenic acid. The extract could activate antioxidant mechanism, through SKN-1, which was evident in qPCR and transgenic strain LG333. These effects were mediated through DAF-16 pathway as the extract was able to upregulate the expression of daf-16 in N2, increase the nuclear localization of daf-16 in transgenic strain TJ356, and not able to significantly alter the lifespan of both DAF-2 and DAF-16 mutants, CB1370 and CF1038 respectively. Finally, in molecular docking approach, typhaneoside and rutin showed better binding affinity with SKN-1 and DAF-16 when compared to resveratrol and similar binding affinity with Aβ when compared to donepezil. CONCLUSION: Taken together, this study indicates that H. undatus activates anti-aging and neuroprotection via DAF-16 mediated pathway.
{"title":"Hylocereus undatus extends lifespan and exerts neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 mediated pathway","authors":"M. Prasanth, A. Prasansuklab, Kanika Verma, J. Brimson, D. Malar, T. Tencomnao","doi":"10.3233/nha-220196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220196","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Hylocereus undatus is a traditional medicinal plant known for its medicinal, nutritional and commercial uses. OBJECTIVE: To address the anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacies of fruit peel extracts of H. undatus using Caenorhabditis elegans model. METHODS: C. elegans (wild-type (N2), transgenic and mutant strains) were treated with H. undatus and monitored for lifespan and neuroprotection through physiological assays, fluorescence microscopy and qPCR analysis. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the phytochemicals present in the extract. Molecular docking studies were employed to identify the interaction mode of selected phytochemicals with Aβ, DAF-16 and SKN-1. RESULTS: The extract was able to extend the lifespan of C. elegans (N2), extend the lifespan and reduce paralysis of Aβ transgenic strains CL2006 and CL4176, suggesting its anti-aging and neuroprotective potential. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals including homostachydrine, betaine, syringic acid, typhaneoside, rutin, and behenic acid. The extract could activate antioxidant mechanism, through SKN-1, which was evident in qPCR and transgenic strain LG333. These effects were mediated through DAF-16 pathway as the extract was able to upregulate the expression of daf-16 in N2, increase the nuclear localization of daf-16 in transgenic strain TJ356, and not able to significantly alter the lifespan of both DAF-2 and DAF-16 mutants, CB1370 and CF1038 respectively. Finally, in molecular docking approach, typhaneoside and rutin showed better binding affinity with SKN-1 and DAF-16 when compared to resveratrol and similar binding affinity with Aβ when compared to donepezil. CONCLUSION: Taken together, this study indicates that H. undatus activates anti-aging and neuroprotection via DAF-16 mediated pathway.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and relationship between dark green vegetables (DGV) and specific cognitive domains in the aging US population are not well-established for men and women. OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between DGV, its bioactive nutrients, and cognitive function, including its specific domains, and whether they differ by sex METHODS: The study analyzed a cross-sectional sample of 2,793 US adults aged 60 or older from the 2011–2014 NHANES. DGV was dichotomized, and bioactive nutrients were divided into quartiles. Weighted linear regressions were used to analyze the association between DGV, bioactive nutrients, and standardized cognitive function scores, including specific domains (CERAD, DWR, AFT, DSST), while controlling for covariates. The study also tested for sex-based effect modification RESULTS: Overall, 61.7% of participants reported no DGV intake, and men reported no DGV intake more frequently than women (67.8 vs.56.5%, p < 0.001). DGV was associated with overall cognitive function(β= 0.10, p = 0.024) and by its specific domains: memory-related i.e., learning and remembering (CERAD:β= 0.10, p = 0.015; DWR:β= 0.10, p = 0.010), marginally associated with executive function (AFT:β= 0.10, p = 0.075), but not with problem-solving(DSST:β= 0.03, p = 0.587). Although the associations between bioactive nutrients and specific cognitive domains were mixed, a higher intake of these nutrients was still linked to higher overall cognitive function. Only β-carotene and its associations with overall cognitive and AFT were modified by sex. CONCLUSION: The majority of US older adults (>60%) lack DGV in their diet. Intake of DGV, which is rich in phylloquinone, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol, may benefit certain domains of cognition in men and women, such as learning and memory
{"title":"Intake of dark green vegetables may benefit specific cognitive domains in US Men and Women Aged 60 Years or Older","authors":"G. Bigman, K. Shea, Marius Emil Rusu, A. Ryan","doi":"10.3233/nha-220193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-220193","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The prevalence and relationship between dark green vegetables (DGV) and specific cognitive domains in the aging US population are not well-established for men and women. OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between DGV, its bioactive nutrients, and cognitive function, including its specific domains, and whether they differ by sex METHODS: The study analyzed a cross-sectional sample of 2,793 US adults aged 60 or older from the 2011–2014 NHANES. DGV was dichotomized, and bioactive nutrients were divided into quartiles. Weighted linear regressions were used to analyze the association between DGV, bioactive nutrients, and standardized cognitive function scores, including specific domains (CERAD, DWR, AFT, DSST), while controlling for covariates. The study also tested for sex-based effect modification RESULTS: Overall, 61.7% of participants reported no DGV intake, and men reported no DGV intake more frequently than women (67.8 vs.56.5%, p < 0.001). DGV was associated with overall cognitive function(β= 0.10, p = 0.024) and by its specific domains: memory-related i.e., learning and remembering (CERAD:β= 0.10, p = 0.015; DWR:β= 0.10, p = 0.010), marginally associated with executive function (AFT:β= 0.10, p = 0.075), but not with problem-solving(DSST:β= 0.03, p = 0.587). Although the associations between bioactive nutrients and specific cognitive domains were mixed, a higher intake of these nutrients was still linked to higher overall cognitive function. Only β-carotene and its associations with overall cognitive and AFT were modified by sex. CONCLUSION: The majority of US older adults (>60%) lack DGV in their diet. Intake of DGV, which is rich in phylloquinone, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol, may benefit certain domains of cognition in men and women, such as learning and memory","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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