The topic of TTIP and CETA was almost completely suppressed in Croatia.1 Those are very important international agreements which could have far-reaching consequences both for the world and individual countries. Maybe Croatia, as well as the EU, is not so much involved in the whole story concerning TTIP. However, CETA is an agreement signed by Canada with the European Union. Therefore, after the approval of the European Parliament, EU provisions, such as the customs policy, can immediately start to apply, which means abolishing duty rates for 99% of the products as early as 1 January 2017. The decision on the CETA conclusion on behalf of Croatia was initiated by the technical Government of Tihomir Orešković at its last session.2 The superficial interpretation of these certainly not harmless agreements is of too little interest to both philosophers and theologians in Croatia, and except for the Centre of Excellence for Integrative Bioethics’3 reaction concerning this question, other philosophical-theological discussions seem to be lacking. The impression is that philosophers and theologians feel these issues do not concern them. In this paper we will try to make clear that the above-mentioned international agreements concern both philosophers and theologians, and that they certainly should, from their field, from the theoretical level, engage in the discussion of the said agreements.
{"title":"An Ethical View on International Trade Agreements TTIP and CETA in the Republic of Croatia","authors":"M. Marinčić, B. Čović","doi":"10.21860/j.10.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.10.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of TTIP and CETA was almost completely suppressed in Croatia.1 Those are very important international agreements which could have far-reaching consequences both for the world and individual countries. Maybe Croatia, as well as the EU, is not so much involved in the whole story concerning TTIP. However, CETA is an agreement signed by Canada with the European Union. Therefore, after the approval of the European Parliament, EU provisions, such as the customs policy, can immediately start to apply, which means abolishing duty rates for 99% of the products as early as 1 January 2017. The decision on the CETA conclusion on behalf of Croatia was initiated by the technical Government of Tihomir Orešković at its last session.2 The superficial interpretation of these certainly not harmless agreements is of too little interest to both philosophers and theologians in Croatia, and except for the Centre of Excellence for Integrative Bioethics’3 reaction concerning this question, other philosophical-theological discussions seem to be lacking. The impression is that philosophers and theologians feel these issues do not concern them. In this paper we will try to make clear that the above-mentioned international agreements concern both philosophers and theologians, and that they certainly should, from their field, from the theoretical level, engage in the discussion of the said agreements.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2016 Albania went through a major justice reform which provided legislative changes to the already existing institutions, established new ones and sought to improve the procedural guarantees of the accused in criminal trials. While the Albanian Code of Criminal Procedure prior to the changes did not provide for biological evidence or a medical intervention in the course of a criminal investigation, the new legislative changes introduced the concepts of biological evidence and the compulsory physical examination as part of tools in search of the evidence. Even though the draft amendments to the previous Albanian Code of Criminal procedure recognized the problems encountered in practice during the collection of biological evidence vis à vis individual’s rights to personal integrity and dignity, the application of newly introduced and enacted provisions remains still unclear and raises concerns, not only regarding the possible arbitrary use of such tools by law enforcement authorities, but also on the possible conflicts that can arise from the application of such procedures by medical examiners and physicians and the fundamental rights of the person under examination or undergoing the medical procedure/intervention.
{"title":"Physical integrity and latest legislative changes in Albania","authors":"B. Bara, Jonad Bara, Silvana Bara","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016 Albania went through a major justice reform which provided legislative changes to the already existing institutions, established new ones and sought to improve the procedural guarantees of the accused in criminal trials. While the Albanian Code of Criminal Procedure prior to the changes did not provide for biological evidence or a medical intervention in the course of a criminal investigation, the new legislative changes introduced the concepts of biological evidence and the compulsory physical examination as part of tools in search of the evidence. Even though the draft amendments to the previous Albanian Code of Criminal procedure recognized the problems encountered in practice during the collection of biological evidence vis à vis individual’s rights to personal integrity and dignity, the application of newly introduced and enacted provisions remains still unclear and raises concerns, not only regarding the possible arbitrary use of such tools by law enforcement authorities, but also on the possible conflicts that can arise from the application of such procedures by medical examiners and physicians and the fundamental rights of the person under examination or undergoing the medical procedure/intervention.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76167548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We, our bodies and spirits and our natural and social biotopes are complex adaptable systems [CAS’s], interdependent and vulnerable within natural, cultural and political biotopes, longing for life, health and happiness. Clinical and pediatric expertise and ethics are also integrated in many fields of competence and care for our integrated bios and for sustainable biotopes in nature and society. A Bioethical Imperative calls for protecting the complex and interdependent bios in nature and agriculture and in our human social, economic, corporate, cultural, and political bodies for the benefit of our children and ourselves, and for discussing ‘health’ and ‘improvement’ in ethical and not only in technical terms. The protection and promotion of healthy people, sustainable societies, and diverse and stable political bodies depend on basic economic accomplishments, healthy food, harmonious communities, preservation and diversity of cultures and environments, on individual dignity and social recognition, i.e. on gross happiness products [GHP’s] and not only on gross national products [GNP’s] measured in economic terms only.
{"title":"Bios and ethics in our complex adaptable systems","authors":"H. Sass","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"We, our bodies and spirits and our natural and social biotopes are complex adaptable systems [CAS’s], interdependent and vulnerable within natural, cultural and political biotopes, longing for life, health and happiness. Clinical and pediatric expertise and ethics are also integrated in many fields of competence and care for our integrated bios and for sustainable biotopes in nature and society. A Bioethical Imperative calls for protecting the complex and interdependent bios in nature and agriculture and in our human social, economic, corporate, cultural, and political bodies for the benefit of our children and ourselves, and for discussing ‘health’ and ‘improvement’ in ethical and not only in technical terms. The protection and promotion of healthy people, sustainable societies, and diverse and stable political bodies depend on basic economic accomplishments, healthy food, harmonious communities, preservation and diversity of cultures and environments, on individual dignity and social recognition, i.e. on gross happiness products [GHP’s] and not only on gross national products [GNP’s] measured in economic terms only.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87786164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Should children be allowed to express their opinion in regards to medical treatment or experiment? In the past, the practice seemed to assume that children are not matured enough to make decision affecting their well-being, their guardians therefore are given the power to decide for them. In this article the author will argue that this practice should be changed and children should be allowed to get involved. The author quoted findings of Grootens-Wiegers P., Hein I. M., van den Broek J. M. and de Vires M. C. in regards to children’s ability from developmental and neuroscientific aspects that children actually start knowing their like, dislike, good and bad… from a very young age. Though these processes are gradual, the finding tells us that children are not as immature as we used to think. The author thus argues that children’s autonomy must be respected in some way when medical decision is to be made. At least, they must be told what options are available and seek their opinion.
孩子们应该被允许表达他们对医疗或实验的意见吗?在过去，这种做法似乎假设儿童还不够成熟，无法做出影响他们福祉的决定，因此他们的监护人被赋予了替他们做决定的权力。在这篇文章中，作者将认为这种做法应该改变，孩子们应该被允许参与进来。作者引用了Grootens-Wiegers P.、Hein I. M.、van den Broek J. M.和de Vires M. C.的研究结果，从发育和神经科学的角度来看，儿童实际上从很小的时候就开始知道自己喜欢、不喜欢、好与坏。虽然这些过程是渐进的，但研究结果告诉我们，孩子们并不像我们过去认为的那样不成熟。因此，提交人认为，在作出医疗决定时，必须以某种方式尊重儿童的自主权。至少，必须告诉他们有哪些选择，并征求他们的意见。
{"title":"Children’s autonomy in medical decision-making","authors":"M. C. Tai","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Should children be allowed to express their opinion in regards to medical treatment or experiment? In the past, the practice seemed to assume that children are not matured enough to make decision affecting their well-being, their guardians therefore are given the power to decide for them. In this article the author will argue that this practice should be changed and children should be allowed to get involved. The author quoted findings of Grootens-Wiegers P., Hein I. M., van den Broek J. M. and de Vires M. C. in regards to children’s ability from developmental and neuroscientific aspects that children actually start knowing their like, dislike, good and bad… from a very young age. Though these processes are gradual, the finding tells us that children are not as immature as we used to think. The author thus argues that children’s autonomy must be respected in some way when medical decision is to be made. At least, they must be told what options are available and seek their opinion.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82228862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Porta, Vicent Molina, Mª. T. Robles Gómez, Clara González, Montserrat Roca, Cristina V. Berenguer, B. Ibáñez
Respecting patients’ intimacy and confidentiality can be a challenge in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) designed according to traditional standards (e.g. a single big room with a number of cots and incubators located close one to another). Concerned about this topic, two members of the team designed a study to check the quality of the confidentiality in the NICU area, and identify opportunities for improvement. This is an observational study performed for a period of one month. The observed team was not aware of being observed. During observation time, a total of 147 hours, 25 confidentiality violation situations were encountered. Twelve (48%) were comments, spoken with a loud voice, about the patients in the NICU area or in adjacent areas, 24% (6/25) were related to the privacy issues due to leaving medical documentation or computer screens available for anybody to see or informing parents in a way that could be heard by parents of other babies, 12% (3/25) were phone conversations about patients in a loud voice, 4% (1/25) were answering questions to parents or relatives about other babies. The medical and personal information of the patients in the NICU is often exposed and shared with parents of other patients and non-related professionals. The architectural design of the traditional NICUs, some socio-cultural issues in South European countries, and the difficulties in changing attitudes are the critical points to focus on to start a quality educational project to protect the right to intimacy and confidentiality of vulnerable children and parents admitted to the NICUs.
{"title":"Is the privacy of information protected in a neonatal intensive care unit?","authors":"R. Porta, Vicent Molina, Mª. T. Robles Gómez, Clara González, Montserrat Roca, Cristina V. Berenguer, B. Ibáñez","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Respecting patients’ intimacy and confidentiality can be a challenge in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) designed according to traditional standards (e.g. a single big room with a number of cots and incubators located close one to another). Concerned about this topic, two members of the team designed a study to check the quality of the confidentiality in the NICU area, and identify opportunities for improvement. This is an observational study performed for a period of one month. The observed team was not aware of being observed. During observation time, a total of 147 hours, 25 confidentiality violation situations were encountered. Twelve (48%) were comments, spoken with a loud voice, about the patients in the NICU area or in adjacent areas, 24% (6/25) were related to the privacy issues due to leaving medical documentation or computer screens available for anybody to see or informing parents in a way that could be heard by parents of other babies, 12% (3/25) were phone conversations about patients in a loud voice, 4% (1/25) were answering questions to parents or relatives about other babies. The medical and personal information of the patients in the NICU is often exposed and shared with parents of other patients and non-related professionals. The architectural design of the traditional NICUs, some socio-cultural issues in South European countries, and the difficulties in changing attitudes are the critical points to focus on to start a quality educational project to protect the right to intimacy and confidentiality of vulnerable children and parents admitted to the NICUs.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U radu će se problematici narcističkog ophođenja pristupiti kroz evaluaciju na društvenoj, političkoj i psihijatrijsko-psihološkoj osi razmatranja. Etiološki, simptomatološki i prevencijski dijapazon narcističkog poremećaja ličnosti, prisutnog u DSM dijagnostičkom vodiču te u okvirima aktualne epohe obilježene »narcističkom kulturom«, dovest će se u vezu s poremećajima psihotičnog spektra, usmjeravanjem argumentacije na koncept dislokacije sebstva i halucinatornog tumačenja vlastite subjektivne pozicije u odnosu na mereološku konstelaciju objektiviteta. Navedeni par pragmatički će se usmjeravati spram problematike aktualne ekološke krize, uz tezu da narcistički i psihotični poremećaji nište integrativnost i pluriperspektivnost perceptivnog zahvaćanja kozmičkog ekvilibrija, što u pragmatičnom pogledu potencira razvoj i permanenciju moralnog nihilizma spram pristupa bioetičkoj raznovrsnosti te vrijednosti života per se, a kao proizvod polučuje destrukciju okoliša na raznim razinama – mikrorazini pojedinčeve psihe, mezorazini društvenog empatičkog senzibiliteta i makrorazini narušavanja ekološke ravnoteže. Teza rada sažeta je u stavu da je načelni pristup problematici narcizma u nedovoljnoj mjeri artikuliran, definiran i sistematiziran, prije svega u odnosu na ugrožavanje života na raznim dimenzijama, a s naglaskom na psihijatrijsku, psihoanalitičku i sociofilozofsku misaonu i djelokružnu domenu te da je etiološki i dijagnostički doseg narcističkog poremećaja ličnosti, proizašao iz okvira psihijatrijskog dijagnostičkog priručnika DSM 5 u bitnoj mjeri oskudan i neprecizan, te iziskuje temeljitu metodološku reevaluciju, u svrhu čega adekvatnu orijentaciju nudi disciplina integrativna bioetika, i to prije svega u kontekstu transdisciplinarne impelmentacije bioetičkog senzibiliteta u okvire odgojno-obrazovnog sustava.
{"title":"Tangente narcizma i psihoze u kontekstu aktualne ekološke krize","authors":"Luka Janeš","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"U radu će se problematici narcističkog ophođenja pristupiti kroz evaluaciju na društvenoj, političkoj i psihijatrijsko-psihološkoj osi razmatranja. Etiološki, simptomatološki i prevencijski dijapazon narcističkog poremećaja ličnosti, prisutnog u DSM dijagnostičkom vodiču te u okvirima aktualne epohe obilježene »narcističkom kulturom«, dovest će se u vezu s poremećajima psihotičnog spektra, usmjeravanjem argumentacije na koncept dislokacije sebstva i halucinatornog tumačenja vlastite subjektivne pozicije u odnosu na mereološku konstelaciju objektiviteta. Navedeni par pragmatički će se usmjeravati spram problematike aktualne ekološke krize, uz tezu da narcistički i psihotični poremećaji nište integrativnost i pluriperspektivnost perceptivnog zahvaćanja kozmičkog ekvilibrija, što u pragmatičnom pogledu potencira razvoj i permanenciju moralnog nihilizma spram pristupa bioetičkoj raznovrsnosti te vrijednosti života per se, a kao proizvod polučuje destrukciju okoliša na raznim razinama – mikrorazini pojedinčeve psihe, mezorazini društvenog empatičkog senzibiliteta i makrorazini narušavanja ekološke ravnoteže.\u0000Teza rada sažeta je u stavu da je načelni pristup problematici narcizma u nedovoljnoj mjeri artikuliran, definiran i sistematiziran, prije svega u odnosu na ugrožavanje života na raznim dimenzijama, a s naglaskom na psihijatrijsku, psihoanalitičku i sociofilozofsku misaonu i djelokružnu domenu te da je etiološki i dijagnostički doseg narcističkog poremećaja ličnosti, proizašao iz okvira psihijatrijskog dijagnostičkog priručnika DSM 5 u bitnoj mjeri oskudan i neprecizan, te iziskuje temeljitu metodološku reevaluciju, u svrhu čega adekvatnu orijentaciju nudi disciplina integrativna bioetika, i to prije svega u kontekstu transdisciplinarne impelmentacije bioetičkog senzibiliteta u okvire odgojno-obrazovnog sustava.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89026828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majčinstvo i njemu inherentna etika brige određeni su isključivim odnosno dominantnim identitetom žene u nekim radovima J. J. Rousseaua, F. Fröbela i J. S. Milla. Majke su u tih i drugih teoretičara, kao i u javnom diskursu, shvaćene kao najbolje učiteljice (svoje) djece, što je rezultiralo različitim organizacijskim i koncepcijskim pokušajima familijarizacije obrazovanja. Familijarizacija institucija nije postigla očekivane rezultate jer službeni kurikulum, na kojemu se temelji rad odgojno-obrazovnih institucija i koji nastaje kao rezultat (političkih) pregovora onih koji imaju moć, ne uvažava etiku brige i pedagogiju ljubavi.
{"title":"Majčinstvo – podloga familijarizacije odgojno-obrazovnih ustanova","authors":"S. Vrcelj","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Majčinstvo i njemu inherentna etika brige određeni su isključivim odnosno dominantnim identitetom žene u nekim radovima J. J. Rousseaua, F. Fröbela i J. S. Milla. Majke su u tih i drugih teoretičara, kao i u javnom diskursu, shvaćene kao najbolje učiteljice (svoje) djece, što je rezultiralo različitim organizacijskim i koncepcijskim pokušajima familijarizacije obrazovanja. Familijarizacija institucija nije postigla očekivane rezultate jer službeni kurikulum, na kojemu se temelji rad odgojno-obrazovnih institucija i koji nastaje kao rezultat (političkih) pregovora onih koji imaju moć, ne uvažava etiku brige i pedagogiju ljubavi.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86896052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical language is the language used by medical experts in their professional communication and incorporates more than 2,500 years of a development influenced mostly by Greek and Latin medical traditions. Its specific features and characteristics are studied from various aspects. It is closely connected with the immense development of technology and science that brings new concepts to the language; medical vocabulary is an open and continually changing phenomenon and its units often acquire new meanings. Learning English medical language that has become a lingua franca during the last few decades creates certain obstacles for learners in the form of collocations, irregular forms, existence of synonyms, doublets, abbreviations, false friends, etc. To manage medical language at an appropriate level requires looking for the most convenient teaching and learning strategies. Good proficiency of English medical language opens new horizons to medical professionals and offers various options of its application in practice. As an international means of communication it slowly penetrates into national medical vocabularies worldwide.
{"title":"Medical language – a unique linguistic phenomenon","authors":"B. Džuganová","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Medical language is the language used by medical experts in their professional communication and incorporates more than 2,500 years of a development influenced mostly by Greek and Latin medical traditions. Its specific features and characteristics are studied from various aspects. It is closely connected with the immense development of technology and science that brings new concepts to the language; medical vocabulary is an open and continually changing phenomenon and its units often acquire new meanings. Learning English medical language that has become a lingua franca during the last few decades creates certain obstacles for learners in the form of collocations, irregular forms, existence of synonyms, doublets, abbreviations, false friends, etc. To manage medical language at an appropriate level requires looking for the most convenient teaching and learning strategies. Good proficiency of English medical language opens new horizons to medical professionals and offers various options of its application in practice. As an international means of communication it slowly penetrates into national medical vocabularies worldwide.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75674765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The very definition, scope, and practical implications of the concept of vulnerability are among the most debated questions in the field of vulnerability research. However, a consensus seems to exist regarding children and adolescents: they are generally considered vulnerable and in need of special protection due to their physical and psychological immaturity, lack of knowledge and life experience, and overall dependency on adults. The special status of this population is safeguarded in numerous legal and ethics documents. In this paper, we discuss the commercial use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a method that have potential to affect functioning of the brain tissue with electrical currents, but also a variety of digital methods used to influence the brain. tDCS is openly advertised, affordable and accessible, even to minors. However, changes that tDCS and similar methods could induce in developing brain tissue and consequently their interference with the normal neurodevelopmental processes could have far-reaching health ramifications and thus represent new sources of vulnerability that slip under the radar of formalized legal and ethics documents. This article discusses changes in the adolescent brain during development and address whether adolescents who would wish to use these neuroenhancement procedures should be considered vulnerable and on what grounds.
{"title":"Neuroenhancement and vulnerability in adolescence","authors":"J. Erhardt, I. Zagorac","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The very definition, scope, and practical implications of the concept of vulnerability are among the most debated questions in the field of vulnerability research. However, a consensus seems to exist regarding children and adolescents: they are generally considered vulnerable and in need of special protection due to their physical and psychological immaturity, lack of knowledge and life experience, and overall dependency on adults. The special status of this population is safeguarded in numerous legal and ethics documents. In this paper, we discuss the commercial use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a method that have potential to affect functioning of the brain tissue with electrical currents, but also a variety of digital methods used to influence the brain. tDCS is openly advertised, affordable and accessible, even to minors. However, changes that tDCS and similar methods could induce in developing brain tissue and consequently their interference with the normal neurodevelopmental processes could have far-reaching health ramifications and thus represent new sources of vulnerability that slip under the radar of formalized legal and ethics documents. This article discusses changes in the adolescent brain during development and address whether adolescents who would wish to use these neuroenhancement procedures should be considered vulnerable and on what grounds.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88695166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Socijalni rad u sustavu zdravstva važan je segment formalnog sustava podrške, kako za same korisnike usluga zdravstvenog sustava tako i za članove obitelji pacijenata. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti doživljaj struke socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva iz perspektive socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u zdravstvu. Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje na namjernom uzorku socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u bolnicama. Podaci su prikupljeni primjenom polustrukturiranih intervjua i obrađeni metodom tematske analize te ukazuju na širok spektar uloga i poslovnih aktivnosti koje socijalni radnici obavljaju u svakodnevnom radu: informiranje, administrativni poslovi, savjetovanje, sudjelovanje u kriznim intervencijama te poduzimanje hitnih nezdravstvenih intervencija, individualni i grupni rad s pacijentima, suradnja s lokalnom zajednicom. Teškoće s kojima se socijalni radnici susreću sudionici opisu kroz: diskriminiran i hijerarhijski podređen položaj te loše uvjete rada. Zaključno socijalni radnici iznose preporuke za poboljšanje položaja socijalnog rada: unaprijediti suradnju s kolegama unutar sustava i šire, jačanje profesionalizacije socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva te tehnička i organizacijska unaprjeđenja.
{"title":"Socijalni rad u zdravstvu","authors":"M. Babić, M. Laklija","doi":"10.21860/J.10.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/J.10.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Socijalni rad u sustavu zdravstva važan je segment formalnog sustava podrške, kako za same korisnike usluga zdravstvenog sustava tako i za članove obitelji pacijenata. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti doživljaj struke socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva iz perspektive socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u zdravstvu. Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje na namjernom uzorku socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u bolnicama. Podaci su prikupljeni primjenom polustrukturiranih intervjua i obrađeni metodom tematske analize te ukazuju na širok spektar uloga i poslovnih aktivnosti koje socijalni radnici obavljaju u svakodnevnom radu: informiranje, administrativni poslovi, savjetovanje, sudjelovanje u kriznim intervencijama te poduzimanje hitnih nezdravstvenih intervencija, individualni i grupni rad s pacijentima, suradnja s lokalnom zajednicom. Teškoće s kojima se socijalni radnici susreću sudionici opisu kroz: diskriminiran i hijerarhijski podređen položaj te loše uvjete rada. Zaključno socijalni radnici iznose preporuke za poboljšanje položaja socijalnog rada: unaprijediti suradnju s kolegama unutar sustava i šire, jačanje profesionalizacije socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva te tehnička i organizacijska unaprjeđenja.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76219761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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