{"title":"The Shining Path: Love, Madness, and Revolution in the Andes by Starn Orin and Miguel La Serna (review)","authors":"J. Sherman","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"419 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the Sky Fell: Hurricane Maria and the United States in Puerto Rico by Michael Deibert (review)","authors":"Johnathan Robles","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"413 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47519597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rock/Water/Life: Ecology and Humanities for a Decolonial South Africa by Lesley Green (review)","authors":"Cathy Skidmore-Hess","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"405 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46153548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to understand what sovereign and country risk ratings actually measure. These ratings were created by key financial agencies to serve as a way of guiding a significant part of investment in developing nations. Theoretically, this project deals with one of the key debates in the social sciences: Are markets rational and efficient, or does uncertainty lead to the adoption of certain measures and policies because they are culturally and politically legitimate? To answer this question, this paper employs quantitative analyses, looking at both the factors that lead a country to be rated and what drives the ratings themselves. More specifically, I use different statistical techniques to show that the risk ratings are not driven solely by market factors but rather measure compliance with the existing neoliberal paradigm, such as financial deregulation and privatization. They are measures of compliance with the existing policy paradigm and fail to adequately capture investment risk. As such, they play a key role in the adoption of neoliberal policies even in the face of financial crises worldwide, especially in the Global South, as is the case with Latin America studied here.
{"title":"Sovereign Risk Ratings in Latin America: Measures of Economic Conditions or Policy Paradigm Compliance?","authors":"Diogo Pinheiro","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The objective of this paper is to understand what sovereign and country risk ratings actually measure. These ratings were created by key financial agencies to serve as a way of guiding a significant part of investment in developing nations. Theoretically, this project deals with one of the key debates in the social sciences: Are markets rational and efficient, or does uncertainty lead to the adoption of certain measures and policies because they are culturally and politically legitimate? To answer this question, this paper employs quantitative analyses, looking at both the factors that lead a country to be rated and what drives the ratings themselves. More specifically, I use different statistical techniques to show that the risk ratings are not driven solely by market factors but rather measure compliance with the existing neoliberal paradigm, such as financial deregulation and privatization. They are measures of compliance with the existing policy paradigm and fail to adequately capture investment risk. As such, they play a key role in the adoption of neoliberal policies even in the face of financial crises worldwide, especially in the Global South, as is the case with Latin America studied here.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"343 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46176314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semi-Civilized: The Moro Village at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition by Michael C. Hawkins (review)","authors":"Paul A. Rodell","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"421 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The African Roots of Marijuana by Chris S. Duvall (review)","authors":"Sitinga Kachipande","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"403 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48487991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Small Door Set in Concrete: One Woman's Story of Challenging Borders in Israel/Palestine by Ilana Hammerman (review)","authors":"Lina Tuschling","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"433 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43000459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:For more than four decades, foreign aid has shaped Bolivia's political economy. This paper shows that the Andean country went through two paradigmatic stages: first, the neoliberal stage, characterized by high-aid financial dependence and strong political conditionalities; and second, the post-neoliberal stage, where aid dependence and conditionality were substituted by commodity revenues exuberance. This pendular relationship between Bolivia and foreign aid has been determined by its fiscal position, mainly linked to the volatility of commodity export prices. When prices were high and its fiscal position was strong, foreign aid exerted a limited influence. However, when prices were low and its fiscal position weakened, foreign aid gained influence, especially through financial aid conditionalities. These stages of fiscal vulnerability were seized by international powers, through foreign aid, as windows of opportunity to enhance their geopolitical agendas in the country and the region.
{"title":"The Influence of Foreign Aid in Bolivia: Geopolitics of Aid-Commodity Substitution in Historical Perspective","authors":"Fernando de la Cruz Prego","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:For more than four decades, foreign aid has shaped Bolivia's political economy. This paper shows that the Andean country went through two paradigmatic stages: first, the neoliberal stage, characterized by high-aid financial dependence and strong political conditionalities; and second, the post-neoliberal stage, where aid dependence and conditionality were substituted by commodity revenues exuberance. This pendular relationship between Bolivia and foreign aid has been determined by its fiscal position, mainly linked to the volatility of commodity export prices. When prices were high and its fiscal position was strong, foreign aid exerted a limited influence. However, when prices were low and its fiscal position weakened, foreign aid gained influence, especially through financial aid conditionalities. These stages of fiscal vulnerability were seized by international powers, through foreign aid, as windows of opportunity to enhance their geopolitical agendas in the country and the region.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"374 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In its early years of independence, Malaysia faced a communist insurgency and was in a state of conflict with Indonesia, its larger neighbor, and for security purposes it sought close ties with the Commonwealth. It eventually repaired relations with Indonesia and joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1970, the same year that its first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, became the first secretary-general of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Although Sunni Muslim Malays in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had looked toward the Ottoman Empire for support as Great Britain colonized the area, independent Malaysia's connections with the Middle East were initially through pilgrimages to Saudi Arabia and students studying religion at al-Azhar in Egypt. Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed strengthened ties to the Middle East during the 1980s, becoming dependent on financial assistance from Saudi Arabia until Malaysia industrialized. Since then, Malaysians have invested in Middle Eastern countries. Domestically, Muslim Malays have dominated the politics of the country, and since the 1969 parliamentary elections authorities have placed greater emphasis on Islamic values while also keeping a close watch on Muslim citizens who have veered from the practice of "moderate Sunni orthodoxy." Through a balanced approach, Malaysia, a middle power, has been able to avoid getting involved in Middle Eastern disputes, while generally benefiting from economic investments from countries in that region. It has also been a strong supporter of the Palestinians' right of self-determination and has consistently refused to establish relations with Israel. Using government documents and newspaper articles, this article addresses that subject by examining Malaysia's interregional connections with middle powers in the Middle East, particularly Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.
摘要:在独立初期，马来西亚面临共产主义叛乱，并与邻国印度尼西亚处于冲突状态，出于安全考虑，马来西亚寻求与英联邦建立密切关系。它最终修复了与印度尼西亚的关系，并于1970年加入了不结盟运动，同年，它的第一任总理Tunku Abdul Rahman成为伊斯兰会议组织的首任秘书长。虽然在19世纪和20世纪初，当英国殖民该地区时，逊尼派穆斯林马来人曾向奥斯曼帝国寻求支持，但独立后的马来西亚与中东的联系最初是通过前往沙特阿拉伯朝圣和在埃及爱资哈尔学习宗教的学生。总理马哈蒂尔·穆罕默德(Mahathir Mohamed)在20世纪80年代加强了与中东的关系，在马来西亚工业化之前，他一直依赖沙特阿拉伯的财政援助。从那时起，马来西亚人开始在中东国家投资。在国内，穆斯林马来人主导着该国的政治，自1969年议会选举以来，当局更加强调伊斯兰价值观，同时也密切关注那些偏离“温和的逊尼派正统”做法的穆斯林公民。通过一种平衡的方式，马来西亚这个中等大国得以避免卷入中东争端，同时总体上受益于该地区国家的经济投资。它也是巴勒斯坦人自决权利的坚定支持者，并一贯拒绝与以色列建立关系。本文利用政府文件和报纸文章，通过研究马来西亚与中东中等大国(特别是土耳其、伊朗和沙特阿拉伯)的区域间联系来解决这一问题。
{"title":"Malaysia and the Muslim Middle East: Political and Economic Connections","authors":"Michael B. Bishku","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In its early years of independence, Malaysia faced a communist insurgency and was in a state of conflict with Indonesia, its larger neighbor, and for security purposes it sought close ties with the Commonwealth. It eventually repaired relations with Indonesia and joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1970, the same year that its first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, became the first secretary-general of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Although Sunni Muslim Malays in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had looked toward the Ottoman Empire for support as Great Britain colonized the area, independent Malaysia's connections with the Middle East were initially through pilgrimages to Saudi Arabia and students studying religion at al-Azhar in Egypt. Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed strengthened ties to the Middle East during the 1980s, becoming dependent on financial assistance from Saudi Arabia until Malaysia industrialized. Since then, Malaysians have invested in Middle Eastern countries. Domestically, Muslim Malays have dominated the politics of the country, and since the 1969 parliamentary elections authorities have placed greater emphasis on Islamic values while also keeping a close watch on Muslim citizens who have veered from the practice of \"moderate Sunni orthodoxy.\" Through a balanced approach, Malaysia, a middle power, has been able to avoid getting involved in Middle Eastern disputes, while generally benefiting from economic investments from countries in that region. It has also been a strong supporter of the Palestinians' right of self-determination and has consistently refused to establish relations with Israel. Using government documents and newspaper articles, this article addresses that subject by examining Malaysia's interregional connections with middle powers in the Middle East, particularly Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"291 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mongolia's Economic Prospects: Resource-Rich and Landlocked between Two Giants by Matthias Helble et al. (review)","authors":"R. Curry","doi":"10.1353/gss.2021.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"423 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45546527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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