The development of a nonlinear finite element method (FEM) for examining how reinforced concrete (RC) beams react to dynamic forces under the action of low-velocity impacting loads is presented in this article. The model was employed to analyze the stress distributions along with the time histories of impacting load and beam deflection, which were presented graphically. Comparisons with experimental data from previously conducted studies have been performed to verify the precision of the studied model. The findings demonstrated that the developed model was acceptable. Furthermore, the study performed a detailed parametric analysis, focusing on various factors such as replacing conventional steel bars with FRP bars, increasing concrete compressive strength, changing the impact location, using different diameters of reinforcing bars, and changing the depth of the concrete beam. According to the findings, using FRP bars resulted in 36% less peak load due to the uplift pressure caused by the FRP bars' high strength, while the maximum observed deflection of the beam reinforced with FRP bars decreased by approximately 9%. When the position of the impacting force was applied at one-third of the span of the beam, deflection was decreased by 12% when compared to the RC beam has been impacted at its midspan. In addition, the depth of the beams had a significant impact on the impacting load. These presented findings of the study may contribute to a better understanding of how a structure made of concrete responds to impacting loading.
{"title":"Dynamic response of reinforced concrete beams subjected to low velocity impact loads using nonlinear finite element analysis","authors":"W. Abdulsahib, Bayrak S. Almuhsin, M. Abduljabbar","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i3.3554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i3.3554","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a nonlinear finite element method (FEM) for examining how reinforced concrete (RC) beams react to dynamic forces under the action of low-velocity impacting loads is presented in this article. The model was employed to analyze the stress distributions along with the time histories of impacting load and beam deflection, which were presented graphically. Comparisons with experimental data from previously conducted studies have been performed to verify the precision of the studied model. The findings demonstrated that the developed model was acceptable. Furthermore, the study performed a detailed parametric analysis, focusing on various factors such as replacing conventional steel bars with FRP bars, increasing concrete compressive strength, changing the impact location, using different diameters of reinforcing bars, and changing the depth of the concrete beam. According to the findings, using FRP bars resulted in 36% less peak load due to the uplift pressure caused by the FRP bars' high strength, while the maximum observed deflection of the beam reinforced with FRP bars decreased by approximately 9%. When the position of the impacting force was applied at one-third of the span of the beam, deflection was decreased by 12% when compared to the RC beam has been impacted at its midspan. In addition, the depth of the beams had a significant impact on the impacting load. These presented findings of the study may contribute to a better understanding of how a structure made of concrete responds to impacting loading.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method of reinforcement soil layers was a common technique to improve the ability of the soil to retain load and reduce settlement. The technique has been somewhat dependent, whereas, in the past, there was research on this method of design and analysis. So, soil improvement by reinforcing it must be analyzed correctly. The capacity of assuming the improved bearing capacity underground of reinforced sand was investigated through the user's use of the test executor in diverse test cases. Here in this investigation, four various kinds of reinforcement materials have been used. Four circular models with different interior diameters were used to examine the effect of the circular ratio on the bearing capacity of the soil layer along the various reinforcing state of affairs. A typical plate load test was carried out with the presence of monotonous and periodic loading in three chains mentioned in tests of the monochrome plate loading on ringing base anchoring on layers of sand which are reinforced over Netlon CE121 Geo-grid as a material of reinforcement- 15 numbers, tests of periodic plate-load PLT along Geogrid (Netlon CE121) as materials of reinforcing - 15 number, the Monochromatic tests of plate-load over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number, tests of periodic plate-load PLT over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number.
{"title":"The behavior of sandy soils under different types of loading","authors":"Reem Siham Tawfeeq, Bilal Muiassar M. Salih","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3549","url":null,"abstract":"The method of reinforcement soil layers was a common technique to improve the ability of the soil to retain load and reduce settlement. The technique has been somewhat dependent, whereas, in the past, there was research on this method of design and analysis. So, soil improvement by reinforcing it must be analyzed correctly. The capacity of assuming the improved bearing capacity underground of reinforced sand was investigated through the user's use of the test executor in diverse test cases. Here in this investigation, four various kinds of reinforcement materials have been used. Four circular models with different interior diameters were used to examine the effect of the circular ratio on the bearing capacity of the soil layer along the various reinforcing state of affairs. A typical plate load test was carried out with the presence of monotonous and periodic loading in three chains mentioned in tests of the monochrome plate loading on ringing base anchoring on layers of sand which are reinforced over Netlon CE121 Geo-grid as a material of reinforcement- 15 numbers, tests of periodic plate-load PLT along Geogrid (Netlon CE121) as materials of reinforcing - 15 number, the Monochromatic tests of plate-load over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number, tests of periodic plate-load PLT over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Short cantilevers under loads are known as corbels, and they generally have a detrimental impact on the strength of concrete structural components by reducing their resistance to external loads. Strengthening with CFRP strips as an externally bounded approach is employed to raise that. The behavior and durability of strengthened corbels under (constant and incremental) loads are examined in this research. Twelve double corbels were cast and tested as part of the experimental program, with the dimensions of the corbels on all specimens remaining constant. While the other nine are left un-fortified as control corbels, nine of them are strengthened using CFRP strips in various patterns. The results indicate that the maximum load capacity of corbels is affected by both constant and incremental loads. In addition, the ultimate load and ultimate deflection of the legs subjected to five load cycles were less than those subjected to constant stress. The bull legs reinforced with externally bonded CFRP strips demonstrated a significant increase in ultimate load under any applied load but a reduction in ultimate deflection relative to the unreinforced bull legs under the same applied load. All failures of the bull limb were ascribed to the unbounded CFRP strips.
{"title":"Corbels strengthened with cfrp under deferent loading","authors":"A. Joudah, Shaymaa Abdelghany Mohamed, M. Elwi","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3547","url":null,"abstract":"Short cantilevers under loads are known as corbels, and they generally have a detrimental impact on the strength of concrete structural components by reducing their resistance to external loads. Strengthening with CFRP strips as an externally bounded approach is employed to raise that. The behavior and durability of strengthened corbels under (constant and incremental) loads are examined in this research. Twelve double corbels were cast and tested as part of the experimental program, with the dimensions of the corbels on all specimens remaining constant. While the other nine are left un-fortified as control corbels, nine of them are strengthened using CFRP strips in various patterns. The results indicate that the maximum load capacity of corbels is affected by both constant and incremental loads. In addition, the ultimate load and ultimate deflection of the legs subjected to five load cycles were less than those subjected to constant stress. The bull legs reinforced with externally bonded CFRP strips demonstrated a significant increase in ultimate load under any applied load but a reduction in ultimate deflection relative to the unreinforced bull legs under the same applied load. All failures of the bull limb were ascribed to the unbounded CFRP strips.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance commercial banks in the Croatia have been widely studied, but there is little known about the examination of the nature of competition. For these reasons, it is important to investigate whether the banking sector in Croatia exerts monopoly or monopolistic behavior. This research empirically explores the nature of competition in the Croatian banking sector by covering 24 commercial banks between 2008 and 2018. In this vein, the panel data analysis was used along with H-Statistics. This study for Croatia and its findings confirms early findings of the existence of monopolistic competition in the most transition and developing countries. In fact, the findings obtained from this study reveals that the commercial banks in Croatia operate under monopolistic structure. Moreover, the results reveal that variable of RIETD, RLTA, RETA, and RDTA are statically significant. It indicates that banks operated in Croatia are focus more on traditional loans than other activities.
{"title":"Exploring banking competition in Croatia by using the Panzar-Rosse model","authors":"S. Bušatlić, Ahmed Tahir Koylu, Š. Plojović","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3297","url":null,"abstract":"The performance commercial banks in the Croatia have been widely studied, but there is little known about the examination of the nature of competition. For these reasons, it is important to investigate whether the banking sector in Croatia exerts monopoly or monopolistic behavior. This research empirically explores the nature of competition in the Croatian banking sector by covering 24 commercial banks between 2008 and 2018. In this vein, the panel data analysis was used along with H-Statistics. This study for Croatia and its findings confirms early findings of the existence of monopolistic competition in the most transition and developing countries. In fact, the findings obtained from this study reveals that the commercial banks in Croatia operate under monopolistic structure. Moreover, the results reveal that variable of RIETD, RLTA, RETA, and RDTA are statically significant. It indicates that banks operated in Croatia are focus more on traditional loans than other activities.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulnaser A. Ahmed, Adnan A. Ismael, Saleh J. S. Shareef
There are several challenges that are faced by these structures, such as cavitation and high speed of flow during the dissipation of flow energy. The spillway is one of the key basic elements of dams that are utilized to pass huge volumes of discharge. The current work used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to numerically estimate the water surface flow and pressure distribution over stepped and traditional spillways. The numerical findings were compared with experimental data using the Renormalization group k- model. The numerical and experimental data have been compared, and it has been determined that there is an acceptable agreement between the two sets of findings.
{"title":"Simulation of flow over stepped and traditional spillways","authors":"Abdulnaser A. Ahmed, Adnan A. Ismael, Saleh J. S. Shareef","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3535","url":null,"abstract":"There are several challenges that are faced by these structures, such as cavitation and high speed of flow during the dissipation of flow energy. The spillway is one of the key basic elements of dams that are utilized to pass huge volumes of discharge. The current work used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to numerically estimate the water surface flow and pressure distribution over stepped and traditional spillways. The numerical findings were compared with experimental data using the Renormalization group k- model. The numerical and experimental data have been compared, and it has been determined that there is an acceptable agreement between the two sets of findings.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45736578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abeer Hassan Wanas, Jasim Jarallah Fahad AL- Kaabi, H. A. Mushatat
In this article, the shear behavior of a deep beam made of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) was analyzed. Rapid urbanization has presented a massive new activity that is necessary to meet the needs of the influx of people. Developments of all types, from housing to infrastructure, necessitate considerable input from both natural and monetary resources. The purpose of this study is to compare the strength and loading capacity of RAC to that of Naturally Aggregate Concrete (NAC). The samples were evaluated at a controlled deformation rate of 2mm/minute in the "Material Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering," where this investigation was conducted. The researcher has chosen two different sizes of coarse totals to use throughout this study: those measuring 5mm to 15mm (60.2%) and those measuring 15mm to 25mm (40.3%). In support of her claims, the researcher presents a variety of charts and datasets in the following research. There is an overall drop in strength in the recycled aggregate concrete samples. The load-deflection curves and the techniques are depicted by which the specimens failed. Shear required beams' experimental data and predicted values. This study reveals that compared to natural aggregate concrete, recycled aggregate concrete has weaker compressive, flexural, and breaking tensile strengths. The maximum load-bearing strength of longitudinally supported beams built of "recycled and natural aggregate concrete" is also not significantly different.
{"title":"Evaluation of shear behavior of prepared recycled concrete aggregate concrete deep beam","authors":"Abeer Hassan Wanas, Jasim Jarallah Fahad AL- Kaabi, H. A. Mushatat","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3539","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the shear behavior of a deep beam made of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) was analyzed. Rapid urbanization has presented a massive new activity that is necessary to meet the needs of the influx of people. Developments of all types, from housing to infrastructure, necessitate considerable input from both natural and monetary resources. The purpose of this study is to compare the strength and loading capacity of RAC to that of Naturally Aggregate Concrete (NAC). The samples were evaluated at a controlled deformation rate of 2mm/minute in the \"Material Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering,\" where this investigation was conducted. The researcher has chosen two different sizes of coarse totals to use throughout this study: those measuring 5mm to 15mm (60.2%) and those measuring 15mm to 25mm (40.3%). In support of her claims, the researcher presents a variety of charts and datasets in the following research. There is an overall drop in strength in the recycled aggregate concrete samples. The load-deflection curves and the techniques are depicted by which the specimens failed. Shear required beams' experimental data and predicted values. This study reveals that compared to natural aggregate concrete, recycled aggregate concrete has weaker compressive, flexural, and breaking tensile strengths. The maximum load-bearing strength of longitudinally supported beams built of \"recycled and natural aggregate concrete\" is also not significantly different.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.28978/nesciences.1281619
Urwah Inam, Q. Ali, Quratulan Ahmed, L. Bat
The larvae of crustaceans, including those of brachyuran crabs, are a significant part of zooplanktonic communities constituting an ecologically important fraction of the pelagic communities. The present study describes taxonomic studies on three megalop stages of Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to family Portunidae collected from Indus deltaic creek system. Zooplankton samples were collected from three locations: Shahbandar 24°15’48.083’N, 67°90’15’333’E, Ketibandar 24°9’16.06’N, 67°27’7.64’E and Korangi creek 24°48’18.80’’N, 67°12’30.31’E during April to October 2018. No data available on taxonomic studies of portunid megalops upto species level from Paksitan, hence this is a first attempt to examine and to describe taxonomic features of megalops collected in the zooplankton samples. This study will contribute to the scientific knowledge on megalops taxonomy and identification as well as be useful for future research by taxonomists and biologists.
{"title":"Morphological Description of Megalopal Stages of Three Portunid Species (Decapoda, 2 Brachyura, Portunidae) from Indus Deltaic Area (northern-Arabian Sea)","authors":"Urwah Inam, Q. Ali, Quratulan Ahmed, L. Bat","doi":"10.28978/nesciences.1281619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1281619","url":null,"abstract":"The larvae of crustaceans, including those of brachyuran crabs, are a significant part of \u0000zooplanktonic communities constituting an ecologically important fraction of the pelagic \u0000communities. The present study describes taxonomic studies on three megalop stages of Portunus \u0000pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, \u00001758) belonging to family Portunidae collected from Indus deltaic creek system. Zooplankton \u0000samples were collected from three locations: Shahbandar 24°15’48.083’N, 67°90’15’333’E, \u0000Ketibandar 24°9’16.06’N, 67°27’7.64’E and Korangi creek 24°48’18.80’’N, 67°12’30.31’E \u0000during April to October 2018. No data available on taxonomic studies of portunid megalops upto \u0000species level from Paksitan, hence this is a first attempt to examine and to describe taxonomic \u0000features of megalops collected in the zooplankton samples. This study will contribute to the \u0000scientific knowledge on megalops taxonomy and identification as well as be useful for future \u0000research by taxonomists and biologists.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88668907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study involves the preparation of seven new compounds, some of them contain two functional groups that are considered condensation monomers. On the other hand, other compounds contain double bonds that are considered addition monomers. They started from 2- amino Thiazole with 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) in ethanol and hydrochloric acid to prepare azo compound (A), which reacted with acetophenone derivatives (p-bromo, p-chloro and p-hydroxy acetophenone) to prepare chalcone monomers derivatives (H1-H3). Also, the work includes preparing seven-membered heterocyclic rings through two consecutive steps; the first step includes the preparation of Schiff base compound (S). The second step includes the preparation of the oxazepine derivatives (Z1, Z2) through the cyclic closure of compound (S) with the (maleic, phthalic) anhydrides, respectively. All compounds were investigated with FT-IR, H1NMR, and 13CNMR techniques. The physical properties and the antibacterial activity were also studied for all the prepared compounds and showed good results.
{"title":"Preparation, investigation and studying the (physical, spectral and biological activity) of new monomers and heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen","authors":"N. Jaffer, R. A. Ghafil","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3514","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves the preparation of seven new compounds, some of them contain two functional groups that are considered condensation monomers. On the other hand, other compounds contain double bonds that are considered addition monomers. They started from 2- amino Thiazole with 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) in ethanol and hydrochloric acid to prepare azo compound (A), which reacted with acetophenone derivatives (p-bromo, p-chloro and p-hydroxy acetophenone) to prepare chalcone monomers derivatives (H1-H3). Also, the work includes preparing seven-membered heterocyclic rings through two consecutive steps; the first step includes the preparation of Schiff base compound (S). The second step includes the preparation of the oxazepine derivatives (Z1, Z2) through the cyclic closure of compound (S) with the (maleic, phthalic) anhydrides, respectively. All compounds were investigated with FT-IR, H1NMR, and 13CNMR techniques. The physical properties and the antibacterial activity were also studied for all the prepared compounds and showed good results.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47923784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.28978/nesciences.1281611
The authors report on the capture of a specimen of smoothback angelshark Squatina oculata Bonaparte, 1840 from Turkish marine waters. The specimen measured 720 mm in total length and was caught by means of a commercial purse-seiner at a depth of 60 m. The species appeared to be sporadically caught in the area and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, however, the size diversity of recorded specimens shows the species still occurred in the region. Although the smoothback angel shark is listed as a protected species according to Turkish Marine Fisheries Act, a management plan should be integrated with local fisheries to preserve the species from extirpation throughout its distribution range in Turkish seas.
{"title":"Capture of a Rare Smoothback Angelshark Squatina oculata (Squatinidae) in Turkish 2 Waters, with Updated Records from the eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"","doi":"10.28978/nesciences.1281611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1281611","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the capture of a specimen of smoothback angelshark Squatina oculata Bonaparte, 1840 from Turkish marine waters. The specimen measured 720 mm in total length and\u0000was caught by means of a commercial purse-seiner at a depth of 60 m. The species appeared to be sporadically caught in the area and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, however, the size diversity of recorded specimens shows the species still occurred in the region. Although the smoothback angel shark is listed as a protected species according to Turkish Marine Fisheries Act, a management\u0000plan should be integrated with local fisheries to preserve the species from extirpation throughout its distribution range in Turkish seas.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inam Abdul Rahman Noaman, Huda Amer Abdul Ameer, Wahhab Salim Mohammed
In this research, an appropriate distribution of the amount of rain will be found in the Iraqi governorates for the period (2006-2014) and the researcher used two important distributions, namely, the Weibull distribution and the Fréchet distribution. Where the specific distribution was determined based on the minimum criteria (the criteria of goodness of fit) and the tests used are the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Rainfall in the Iraqi governorates for the stations (Mosul, Kirkuk, Tikrit, Khanaqin, Rutba, Baghdad, Karbala) is a Weibull distribution using the greatest possible estimation method, while the stations in other provinces (Najaf, Diwaniyah, Maysan, Basra) the Fréchet distribution was the distribution It is better to represent the data of these stations using the method of estimating the greatest possible as well. We also note the superiority of the method of maximum likelihood of least squares.
{"title":"Comparison of Weibull and Fréchet distributions estimators to determine the best areas of rainfall in Iraq","authors":"Inam Abdul Rahman Noaman, Huda Amer Abdul Ameer, Wahhab Salim Mohammed","doi":"10.21533/pen.v11i2.3527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i2.3527","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, an appropriate distribution of the amount of rain will be found in the Iraqi governorates for the period (2006-2014) and the researcher used two important distributions, namely, the Weibull distribution and the Fréchet distribution. Where the specific distribution was determined based on the minimum criteria (the criteria of goodness of fit) and the tests used are the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Rainfall in the Iraqi governorates for the stations (Mosul, Kirkuk, Tikrit, Khanaqin, Rutba, Baghdad, Karbala) is a Weibull distribution using the greatest possible estimation method, while the stations in other provinces (Najaf, Diwaniyah, Maysan, Basra) the Fréchet distribution was the distribution It is better to represent the data of these stations using the method of estimating the greatest possible as well. We also note the superiority of the method of maximum likelihood of least squares.","PeriodicalId":37519,"journal":{"name":"Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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