Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2021.10040728
B. Sadhana, R. Tata, P. K. Chandrika, M. Mekala, N. Srinivasu, G. Varma
Massive internet of things (IoT) framework deployments increase edge devices usage and dependently increase the generation of data. The traditional elastic asset scheduling approach is phenomenally suitable to a single cloud environment. The prognosticative asset demand is not sufficient. The existing methods are neglecting billing mechanisms to scale up and down the asset scheduling actions. Consequently, we propose an adaptive workload prediction algorithm to schedule the resource and asset migration algorithm to accomplish low leased costs. The predictive model ensures assets scheduling at cluster-edge to reduce the latency. The migration algorithm regulates data reliability with moderate workload balancing. The simulation results exhibit an adaptive system performance such as leased cost curb, essential data integrity, and workload balancing.
{"title":"Resource integrity-aware flexible resource scaling approach over sensor-cloud","authors":"B. Sadhana, R. Tata, P. K. Chandrika, M. Mekala, N. Srinivasu, G. Varma","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2021.10040728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10040728","url":null,"abstract":"Massive internet of things (IoT) framework deployments increase edge devices usage and dependently increase the generation of data. The traditional elastic asset scheduling approach is phenomenally suitable to a single cloud environment. The prognosticative asset demand is not sufficient. The existing methods are neglecting billing mechanisms to scale up and down the asset scheduling actions. Consequently, we propose an adaptive workload prediction algorithm to schedule the resource and asset migration algorithm to accomplish low leased costs. The predictive model ensures assets scheduling at cluster-edge to reduce the latency. The migration algorithm regulates data reliability with moderate workload balancing. The simulation results exhibit an adaptive system performance such as leased cost curb, essential data integrity, and workload balancing.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76777772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2021.114746
Corbin Freeman, Jared Endres, James Robinson, S. Parameswaran, Haiwen Ge, Peng Zhao
In the present paper, the development of a non-fuelled pre-chamber ignition system is introduced. 3D combustion CFD has been employed to guide the design change. Based on the combustion performance of different pre-chamber designs, one design (B4) is identified as the best one among several designs. Design B4 is selected for detailed evaluations. The results of Design B4 are compared with the baseline SI engine. The fuel economy has been improved by using the pre-chamber ignition system. However, NOx emission is higher than the baseline engine, due to higher in-cylinder pressure and temperature. The combustion process in the pre-chamber is separated into three steps characterised with its heat release, temperature and pressure. Based on the pressure difference between the main chamber and pre-chamber, a four-stage mechanism is proposed to describe the gas exchange between them.
{"title":"CFD-guided development of a pre-chamber ignition system for internal combustion engines","authors":"Corbin Freeman, Jared Endres, James Robinson, S. Parameswaran, Haiwen Ge, Peng Zhao","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2021.114746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2021.114746","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the development of a non-fuelled pre-chamber ignition system is introduced. 3D combustion CFD has been employed to guide the design change. Based on the combustion performance of different pre-chamber designs, one design (B4) is identified as the best one among several designs. Design B4 is selected for detailed evaluations. The results of Design B4 are compared with the baseline SI engine. The fuel economy has been improved by using the pre-chamber ignition system. However, NOx emission is higher than the baseline engine, due to higher in-cylinder pressure and temperature. The combustion process in the pre-chamber is separated into three steps characterised with its heat release, temperature and pressure. Based on the pressure difference between the main chamber and pre-chamber, a four-stage mechanism is proposed to describe the gas exchange between them.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85516826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2021.114736
N. Kalantzis, T. Fletcher, Antonios Pezouvanis, K. Ebrahimi
A holistic vehicle simulation capability is necessary for front-loading component, subsystem, and controller design, for the early detection of component and subsystem design flaws, as well as for the model-based calibration of powertrain control modules. The current document explores the concept of holistic vehicle simulation by means of reviewing the current trends in automotive system design and available solutions in terms of model interfaces and neutral modelling environments. The review is followed by the presentation of a Simulink-based multi-disciplinary modelling environment (MME) developed by the authors to accommodate simulation work across the vehicle development cycle.
{"title":"Holistic simulation for integrated vehicle design","authors":"N. Kalantzis, T. Fletcher, Antonios Pezouvanis, K. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2021.114736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2021.114736","url":null,"abstract":"A holistic vehicle simulation capability is necessary for front-loading component, subsystem, and controller design, for the early detection of component and subsystem design flaws, as well as for the model-based calibration of powertrain control modules. The current document explores the concept of holistic vehicle simulation by means of reviewing the current trends in automotive system design and available solutions in terms of model interfaces and neutral modelling environments. The review is followed by the presentation of a Simulink-based multi-disciplinary modelling environment (MME) developed by the authors to accommodate simulation work across the vehicle development cycle.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88878199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037191
A. Ahmedov, N. J. Beavis, N. Kalantzis, Antonios Pezouvanis, David Rogers, K. Ebrahimi
The noise levels generated by an unmuffled engine exhaust system can be identified as the loudest vehicle noise source. The muffler or silencer is an essential component of the internal combustion engine exhaust system. Its main function is to reduce the exhaust-generated noise to an acceptably low level. Its design development is a complex process affecting the engine efficiency and thus fuel consumption, emissions and overall noise generation. This paper focuses on the design development of a muffler for a single-cylinder engine application. A 1D GT-Power model of a single valve engine was developed. Additionally, an analytical muffler preliminary design methodology was introduced. The methodology provides guidelines for muffler grade selection, sizing of different components, and calculation of backpressure as a function of the exhaust gas flow rate. Two custom mufflers design concepts were developed for the single-cylinder engine based on the introduced analytical methodology. Two commercial single-cylinder engine muffler designs available from Yanmar and Loncin were considered for the engine performance evaluation simulation. The presented combination of analytical and numerical modelling procedures can reduce the overall length of the muffler development stage by eliminating faulty design concepts and refining the muffler's performance parameters.
{"title":"Method for design and evaluation of ICE exhaust silencers","authors":"A. Ahmedov, N. J. Beavis, N. Kalantzis, Antonios Pezouvanis, David Rogers, K. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037191","url":null,"abstract":"The noise levels generated by an unmuffled engine exhaust system can be identified as the loudest vehicle noise source. The muffler or silencer is an essential component of the internal combustion engine exhaust system. Its main function is to reduce the exhaust-generated noise to an acceptably low level. Its design development is a complex process affecting the engine efficiency and thus fuel consumption, emissions and overall noise generation. This paper focuses on the design development of a muffler for a single-cylinder engine application. A 1D GT-Power model of a single valve engine was developed. Additionally, an analytical muffler preliminary design methodology was introduced. The methodology provides guidelines for muffler grade selection, sizing of different components, and calculation of backpressure as a function of the exhaust gas flow rate. Two custom mufflers design concepts were developed for the single-cylinder engine based on the introduced analytical methodology. Two commercial single-cylinder engine muffler designs available from Yanmar and Loncin were considered for the engine performance evaluation simulation. The presented combination of analytical and numerical modelling procedures can reduce the overall length of the muffler development stage by eliminating faulty design concepts and refining the muffler's performance parameters.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037194
Qilun Zhu, R. Prucka, Zhe Wang
: Air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) errors during spark-ignition (SI) engine operation lead to degraded torque tracking performance, increased fuel consumption, and decreased catalyst efficiency. Errors in AFR are commonly sensed using an exhaust gas oxygen sensor and can be caused by a variety of sources. This sensing methodology makes it difficult to distinguish one error source from another. For engine control, it is common practice to assume the error source is in one or two areas regardless of the actual source(s) of error. Identifying the proper AFR error sources is the focus of this research. A disturbance observer is utilised to distinguish errors related to air charge estimation, fuel injection quantity, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) simultaneously. This methodology utilises several engine gas-path sensors in combination with a system model to identify error sources. The proposed method is implemented experimentally and demonstrates the ability to properly identify error sources.
{"title":"Air-to-fuel ratio error source determination for a spark-ignition engine using a disturbance observer","authors":"Qilun Zhu, R. Prucka, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2021.10037194","url":null,"abstract":": Air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) errors during spark-ignition (SI) engine operation lead to degraded torque tracking performance, increased fuel consumption, and decreased catalyst efficiency. Errors in AFR are commonly sensed using an exhaust gas oxygen sensor and can be caused by a variety of sources. This sensing methodology makes it difficult to distinguish one error source from another. For engine control, it is common practice to assume the error source is in one or two areas regardless of the actual source(s) of error. Identifying the proper AFR error sources is the focus of this research. A disturbance observer is utilised to distinguish errors related to air charge estimation, fuel injection quantity, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) simultaneously. This methodology utilises several engine gas-path sensors in combination with a system model to identify error sources. The proposed method is implemented experimentally and demonstrates the ability to properly identify error sources.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87969055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045232
C. Spitas, Abilkhairkhan Aldabergen, N. Alzhanov, A. Amrin, H. Tariq
{"title":"Finite element analysis of the load capacity of a novel dry clutch design","authors":"C. Spitas, Abilkhairkhan Aldabergen, N. Alzhanov, A. Amrin, H. Tariq","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75129926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044214
G. Colin, Yang Long, Huang Ying
{"title":"Coordination control for heavy-duty dual-mode power-split hybrid electrical vehicle under dynamic condition","authors":"G. Colin, Yang Long, Huang Ying","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75526093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044211
H. Pflaum, K. Stahl, Patrick D Fischer, Marco Mileti, Lukas Pointner
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of powershifts with form-fit clutches in automatic transmissions","authors":"H. Pflaum, K. Stahl, Patrick D Fischer, Marco Mileti, Lukas Pointner","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10044211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87047294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2021.10038108
Neelamadhab Padhy, L. Kumar, S. K. Kuanar, Rasmita Panigrahi
{"title":"A systematic approach for Software refactoring based on Class and Method Level for AI application","authors":"Neelamadhab Padhy, L. Kumar, S. K. Kuanar, Rasmita Panigrahi","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2021.10038108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2021.10038108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84320263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045243
M. Mohammadpour, R. Prucka, C. Spitas, Xubin Song
{"title":"Editors' perspectives: synergistic technologies for dedicated hybrid powertrains","authors":"M. Mohammadpour, R. Prucka, C. Spitas, Xubin Song","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10045243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75749319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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