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Financial Literacy in Asia: A Scoping Review 亚洲的金融素养:范围审查
Pub Date : 2020-12-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3743345
J. Xiao
This chapter is to provide an overview of financial literacy in Asia, describe financial literacy education in Asian countries, and propose recommendations for policy makers. The chapter demonstrates that: 1) Financial literacy is an important factor contributing to consumer financial capability and wellbeing in Asia; 2) Financial literacy national strategies and education programs in Asian countries are beneficial for consumer wellbeing and economic developments; and 3) Public policies promoting financial literacy education can be compatible with the socio-economic development goals of Asian countries.
本章概述了亚洲的金融素养,描述了亚洲国家的金融素养教育,并为政策制定者提出建议。本章表明:1)金融素养是促进亚洲消费者金融能力和福祉的重要因素;2)亚洲国家的金融素养国家战略和教育项目有利于消费者福祉和经济发展;3)促进金融素养教育的公共政策能够与亚洲国家的社会经济发展目标相适应。
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引用次数: 4
Intrinsic Value of the Dollar: An Evaluation, and Scrutiny of the Absolute Worth of The U.S. Dollar. 美元的内在价值:对美元绝对价值的评价与审视。
Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3741880
Shahrukh Shafqat
The debate on the intrinsic value of the U.S. Dollar has intensified recently and been an ongoing one, ever since 1971, when, President Richard Nixon, announced the abandonment of the Gold standard. In the debate on the intrinsic value of the Dollar, it may be argued, that Gold has been seen as a currency with an 'absolute worth' greater than all fiat currencies, due to Gold's historical acceptance power, and prominence as 'money.' With the abandonment of the Gold standard, and the Dollar, fundamentally, not being pegged to Gold, or any other units of intrinsic value, critics, ever since, have raised concerns regarding the absolute, or intrinsic value of the U.S. Dollar. This paper scrutinizes the intrinsic value of the U.S. Dollar, with an alternative perspective applied to gauge the Dollars' intrinsic value; the evaluation has been carried out through established financial models for a holistic assessment. The paper elaborates an alternative mechanism through which the Dollar derives its intrinsic value, and quantifies the nominal value backing the USD, $1079.3 trillion, and a real value, in 1970 Dollars, of $208.4 trillion; this value, aligned with the Gold standard peg of 1970, stands at 5.95 trillion ounces of Gold.
自1971年理查德·尼克松总统宣布放弃金本位制以来,关于美元内在价值的争论最近愈演愈烈,并一直持续下去。在关于美元内在价值的辩论中,有人可能会说,黄金一直被视为一种“绝对价值”高于所有法定货币的货币,这是由于黄金在历史上的接受能力,以及作为“货币”的突出地位。随着金本位制的放弃,以及美元从根本上不再与黄金或任何其他内在价值单位挂钩,批评者们从那时起就对美元的绝对或内在价值提出了担忧。本文考察了美元的内在价值,并从另一个角度来衡量美元的内在价值;评价是通过既定的财务模式进行的,以便进行全面评价。本文阐述了另一种机制,通过这种机制美元获得其内在价值,并量化了支持美元的名义价值1079.3万亿美元,以及1970年美元的实际价值208.4万亿美元;这一价值与1970年的金本位制挂钩,为5.95万亿盎司黄金。
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引用次数: 0
Lifting the Veil: The Price Formation of Corporate Bond Offerings 揭开面纱:公司债券发行的价格形成
Pub Date : 2020-11-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3541255
Liying Wang
Using newly available data on initial prices, this study is the first to analyze the price updating process associated with corporate bond (CB) offerings. Similar to the case for equity IPOs, the evidence shows that bookbuilding theories help explain the CB offering price. In particular, CB price updates reduce underwriters' pricing errors. The partial adjustment phenomenon exists, and underwriters propose a lower initial price in cases of greater uncertainty. However, the CB price update has a large mean value and is smaller for lower-rated offerings, indicating that part of the CB price update is unrelated to investors' information production.
利用最新的初始价格数据,本研究首次分析了与公司债券(CB)发行相关的价格更新过程。与股票ipo的情况类似,有证据表明,簿记理论有助于解释转债的发行价格。特别是转债价格的更新减少了承销商的定价错误。存在部分调整现象,在不确定性较大的情况下,承销商会提出较低的初始价格。然而,转债价格更新均值较大,而评级较低的转债价格更新均值较小,说明转债价格更新部分与投资者的信息生产无关。
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引用次数: 10
Are CLO Collateral and Tranche Ratings Disconnected? CLO抵押品和部分评级是分开的吗?
Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3707557
J. Griffin, Jordan Nickerson
Between March and August 2020, S&P and Moody's downgraded approximately 25% of collateral feeding into CLOs and only 2% of tranche values, with rating actions concentrating in junior tranches. Both S&P and Moody's modeling indicate that the impacts should have been considerably larger, especially for higher-rated tranches. Neither changes in correlation nor the accumulation of pre-COVID-19 protective cushions can explain the downgrade asymmetry on upper tranches. Instead, CLO managers repositioned their collateral pools to dampen the negative credit shock and rating agencies incorporated qualitative adjustments in their CLO ratings. Important potential policy and market implications from these findings are discussed.
在2020年3月至8月期间,标准普尔和穆迪下调了大约25%的clo抵押品,仅下调了2%的部分价值,评级行动集中在初级部分。标准普尔和穆迪的模型都表明,影响本应大得多,尤其是对评级较高的部分。相关性的变化和covid -19前保护垫的积累都不能解释上层评级的降级不对称性。相反,CLO管理人员重新配置了他们的抵押品池,以抑制负面信贷冲击,评级机构在其CLO评级中进行了定性调整。本文还讨论了这些发现对政策和市场的重要潜在影响。
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引用次数: 7
Measuring the Effects of Firm Uncertainty on Economic Activity: New Evidence from One Million Documents 衡量企业不确定性对经济活动的影响:来自一百万份文件的新证据
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/W27896
Kyle Handley, J. Frank Li
We construct a new measure of firm-level uncertainty from analyzing the text of mandatory reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Using firm and establishment level panel data on investment margins and employment dynamics, we find our uncertainty measure has large effects on investment even after controlling for industry and time-varying shocks. Periods of high firm uncertainty (1) reduce investment rates by 0.5% and attenuate the response to positive sales shocks by about half and (2) reduce employment growth rates by 1.4% and the response to positive sales shocks by 30%. Firms are less responsive to demand shocks at the firm level and across establishments within the firm. Consistent with “wait and see” dynamics, uncertainty affects new investment activity, e.g. plant births and acquisition, more than disinvestment margins.
我们通过分析向美国证券交易委员会提交的强制性报告文本,构建了一种新的衡量公司层面不确定性的方法。利用企业和企业层面的投资边际和就业动态面板数据,我们发现,即使在控制了行业和时变冲击之后,我们的不确定性措施对投资也有很大的影响。企业高度不确定性的时期(1)使投资率降低0.5%,对积极销售冲击的反应减弱约一半;(2)使就业增长率降低1.4%,对积极销售冲击的反应减弱30%。企业对企业层面和企业内部各机构的需求冲击反应较差。与“观望”动态一致,不确定性对新投资活动(如植物生长和收购)的影响大于撤资利润率。
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引用次数: 31
Industry Distress and Default Recovery Rates: The Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach 行业困境与违约回收率:无条件分位数回归方法
Pub Date : 2020-09-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3473161
Hui-Ching Chuang, Jau‐er Chen
In this study, we estimate the effect of industry distress on recovery rates by using the unconditional quantile regression (UQR) proposed in Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009). The UQR provides better interpretative and thus policy-relevant information on the marginal effect of the covariates than the conditional quantile regression (CQR, Koenker and Bassett, 1978). To deal with a broad set of macroeconomic and industry variables, we use the LASSO-based double selection to identify the effects of industry distress and select variables.Our sample consists of 5,334 debt and loan instruments in Moody's Default and Recovery Database from 1990 to 2017. The results show that industry distress decreases recovery rates from 15.80% to 2.94% for the 15th to 55th percentile range and slightly increases the recovery rates in the lower and the upper tails. In contrast to the CQR, the UQR provide quantitative measurements to the loss given default during a downturn that the Basel Capital Accord requires.
在本研究中,我们使用Firpo、Fortin和Lemieux(2009)提出的无条件分位数回归(UQR)来估计行业困境对回收率的影响。与条件分位数回归(CQR, Koenker和Bassett, 1978)相比,UQR可以更好地解释协变量的边际效应,从而提供与政策相关的信息。为了处理广泛的宏观经济和行业变量,我们使用基于lasso的双重选择来识别行业困境的影响并选择变量。我们的样本包括穆迪违约和回收数据库中1990年至2017年的5334种债务和贷款工具。结果表明,在第15 ~ 55个百分位范围内,行业困境使回收率从15.80%降低到2.94%,并使下尾和上尾的回收率略有提高。与CQR相比,UQR提供了《巴塞尔资本协议》(Basel Capital Accord)所要求的经济衰退期间违约损失的量化衡量。
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引用次数: 0
Marking to Market Corporate Debt 公司债务按市值计价
Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3681817
Lorenzo Bretscher, Peter Feldhütter, Andrew Kane, L. Schmid
Models of capital structure and credit risk make predictions about market valuations of debt, but are routinely tested on the basis of book debt from common data sources. In this paper, we propose to close this gap. We construct a rich data set on firm level debt market valuations by carefully matching data on corporate bond and loan secondary market transactions. We document significant discrepancies between market and book values, especially for distressed firms. We use our dataset to i) provide novel rules of thumb on how to adjust leverage and unlever returns using standard datasets, and ii) to revisit a number of prominent empirical patterns involving corporate debt. Using a market-based measure of Tobin's Q, we find little evidence for investment cash-flow sensitivity in our data. We find that using market debt values significantly improves default prediction, and do not detect a credit spread puzzle. In asset pricing tests, we find a leverage premium, but no evidence for a value premium after controlling for market leverage. Moreover, a novel measure of financial distress, namely market-to-book debt, predicts stock returns positively in the cross-section, inconsistent with a financial distress puzzle.
资本结构和信用风险模型对债务的市场估值做出了预测,但通常是在来自共同数据源的账面债务基础上进行测试的。在本文中,我们建议缩小这一差距。我们通过仔细匹配公司债券和贷款二级市场交易的数据,构建了一个丰富的公司级债务市场估值数据集。我们记录了市场价值和账面价值之间的显著差异,特别是对于陷入困境的公司。我们使用我们的数据集来i)提供关于如何使用标准数据集调整杠杆和无杠杆回报的新经验法则,以及ii)重新审视涉及公司债务的一些突出的经验模式。使用基于市场的托宾Q度量,我们在我们的数据中发现投资现金流敏感性的证据很少。我们发现使用市场债务值显著改善了违约预测,并且没有发现信用利差难题。在资产定价测试中,我们发现了杠杆溢价,但没有证据表明在控制市场杠杆后存在价值溢价。此外,一种新的金融危机衡量标准,即市净率债务,在横截面上预测股票回报为正,这与金融危机难题不一致。
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引用次数: 3
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission MIDAS Market Information Data Analytics System: An Observation 美国证券交易委员会MIDAS市场信息数据分析系统:一个观察
Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3692464
Fred Sommers
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rolled out Market Information Data Analytics System (MIDAS) in 2013 which is:

“…the SEC’s implementation of a new system that combines advanced technologies with empirical data to promote better understanding of markets….”

This paper uses available public, peer-re-viewable data, and operational outcomes to assess SEC MIDAS reported public data. These public data and outcomes demonstrate that SEC MIDAS data is incomplete. In particular, transactions effected otherwise than on an exchange and reported though the three FINRA Trade Reporting Facilities (TRFs) are not included in SEC MIDAS data.

SEC MIDAS is expected to be a comprehensive research facility with collected data from self-regulatory organizations, trading venues, and proprietary sources. Essential SEC rule making offices such as the Division of Economic and Risk Analysis (DERA) and Division of Trading and Markets rely on MIDAS data. Both the public and the academic and economic groups have an expectation that MIDAS data and research using MIDAS data promotes empirical understanding of market hypotheses, market behavior, and market regulation.
美国证券交易委员会(SEC)于2013年推出了市场信息数据分析系统(MIDAS),该系统是:“…SEC实施的一种将先进技术与经验数据相结合的新系统,以促进对市场的更好理解....”。本文使用可用的公共,同行可审查的数据和操作结果来评估SEC MIDAS报告的公共数据。这些公开数据和结果表明,SEC MIDAS数据是不完整的。特别是,在交易所以外发生的交易,并通过三个FINRA交易报告工具(trf)报告,不包括在SEC MIDAS数据中。SEC MIDAS预计将成为一个综合研究设施,收集来自自律组织、交易场所和专有来源的数据。重要的SEC规则制定部门,如经济和风险分析部门(DERA)和交易和市场部门依赖MIDAS数据。公众、学术和经济团体都期望MIDAS数据和使用MIDAS数据的研究促进对市场假设、市场行为和市场监管的实证理解。
{"title":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission MIDAS Market Information Data Analytics System: An Observation","authors":"Fred Sommers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692464","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rolled out Market Information Data Analytics System (MIDAS) in 2013 which is:<br><br>“…the SEC’s implementation of a new system that combines advanced technologies with empirical data to promote better understanding of markets….”<br><br>This paper uses available public, peer-re-viewable data, and operational outcomes to assess SEC MIDAS reported public data. These public data and outcomes demonstrate that SEC MIDAS data is incomplete. In particular, transactions effected otherwise than on an exchange and reported though the three FINRA Trade Reporting Facilities (TRFs) are not included in SEC MIDAS data. <br><br>SEC MIDAS is expected to be a comprehensive research facility with collected data from self-regulatory organizations, trading venues, and proprietary sources. Essential SEC rule making offices such as the Division of Economic and Risk Analysis (DERA) and Division of Trading and Markets rely on MIDAS data. Both the public and the academic and economic groups have an expectation that MIDAS data and research using MIDAS data promotes empirical understanding of market hypotheses, market behavior, and market regulation.","PeriodicalId":375725,"journal":{"name":"SPGMI: Capital IQ Data (Topic)","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132442706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deutsche Bank Restart: Goodbye Goldman Sachs of Europe? 德意志银行重启:告别欧洲高盛?
Pub Date : 2020-09-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3682595
G. Allayannis, Gerry Yemen, P. Holtz
This public-sourced case describes the latest restructuring efforts by Deutsche Bank (DB) and gives a short history of prior restructuring efforts from the decade before. In July 2019, Christian Sewing, the new CEO of DB, announced a series of measures that included, among others, the elimination of global equity trading, the layoff of 18,000 employees, the creation of a "bad bank" to transfer noncore assets, and the suspension of dividends until 2022. The case describes key decisions a bank CEO makes when a bank needs to change course to return to profitability and growth. The case offers an opportunity to debate these key decisions, as well as discuss some of the prior ones during earlier restructuring efforts, and put the students in the CEO's shoes: What would you do and why? The case also describes key banking performance metrics (e.g., ROE, ROA) and other critical variables such as those reflecting capital health (Tier 1 ratio), as well as gives an overview of the bank business model and factors impacting bank profitability and value. Excerpt UVA-F-1934 Feb. 26, 2020 Deutsche Bank Restart: Goodbye Goldman Sachs of Europe? What is our north star, when reshaping Deutsche Bank? –CEO Christian Sewing In July 2019, on a day of massive employee layoffs at Deutsche Bank—mostly in its equity sales and trading business—two executives made headlines for having new USD1,800 suits fitted at the office. Their out-of-touch leadership behavior did little for the struggling German bank's reputation. And it drew the ire and a phone call from CEO Christian Sewing. "In no way is this behavior in keeping with our values," Sewing said. "I assume in any case that the two colleagues will not forget my telephone call." (See Appendix1 for the company's mission statement.) . . .
这个公共资源案例描述了德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)最近的重组努力,并简要介绍了十年前的重组努力。2019年7月,德意志银行新任首席执行官克里斯蒂安·赛温(Christian Sewing)宣布了一系列措施,其中包括取消全球股票交易、裁员1.8万名员工、创建“坏账银行”以转移非核心资产,以及在2022年之前暂停派息。该案例描述了银行首席执行官在银行需要改变路线以恢复盈利和增长时所做的关键决策。这个案例提供了一个机会来讨论这些关键决策,并讨论在早期重组工作中之前的一些决策,并让学生们站在CEO的角度思考:你会怎么做,为什么?本案例还描述了关键的银行绩效指标(如ROE、ROA)和其他关键变量,如反映资本健康状况的变量(一级资本充足率),并概述了银行业务模式和影响银行盈利能力和价值的因素。德意志银行重启:告别欧洲高盛?在重塑德意志银行时,我们的北极星是什么?2019年7月,在德意志银行(Deutsche bank)大规模裁员的一天——主要是在股票销售和交易业务部门——两位高管因为在办公室穿了价值1800美元的新西装而上了头条。他们脱离实际的领导行为对这家陷入困境的德国银行的声誉没有什么帮助。这引起了公司首席执行官克里斯蒂安·赛温的愤怒和一通电话。“这种行为绝不符合我们的价值观,”赛温说。“我想这两位同事无论如何都不会忘记我的电话。”(公司的使命宣言见附录1)…
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引用次数: 0
Mining and the SDGs: A 2020 Status Update 矿业与可持续发展目标:2020年现状更新
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3726386
Columbia University- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment, (RMF) The Responsible Mining Foundation
The mining industry, through its extensive activities and prominent presence in developing countries, has strong linkages with issues covered in all 17 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These linkages are clearly set out in the 2016 Mapping Mining to the Sustainable Development Goals: An Atlas, produced by the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network and the World Economic Forum. With just ten years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by the target date of 2030 and four years after the publication of the Atlas, this report provides a status update of what large-scale mining companies are currently doing to integrate the SDGs into their business strategies and to take proactive measures that will help deliver these Goals. It is also a reminder of the opportunities that the mining industry has to positively influence achievement of the SDGs, and simultaneously a caution on the inherent risks that mining activities pose that might impede the achievement of the SDGs. This influence that the mining industry can bring to bear is all the more important given the serious implications of the COVID-19 on progress to achieve the SDGs.
采矿业通过其广泛的活动和在发展中国家的突出存在,与所有17项联合国可持续发展目标(sdg)所涵盖的问题有着密切的联系。由哥伦比亚可持续投资中心、联合国开发计划署、联合国可持续发展解决方案网络和世界经济论坛制作的《2016年矿业与可持续发展目标映射:地图集》明确阐述了这些联系。距离到2030年实现可持续发展目标的预定日期仅剩10年时间,距离地图集出版还有4年时间。本报告提供了大型矿业公司目前在将可持续发展目标纳入其业务战略并采取积极措施帮助实现这些目标方面所做的最新进展。它还提醒人们,采矿业有机会对实现可持续发展目标产生积极影响,同时也提醒人们,采矿活动带来的固有风险可能会阻碍实现可持续发展目标。鉴于2019冠状病毒病对实现可持续发展目标的进展产生严重影响,采矿业可以发挥的这种影响就显得尤为重要。
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引用次数: 4
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SPGMI: Capital IQ Data (Topic)
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