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Energy efficiency and conservation study for a medium scale industry in Malaysia 马来西亚某中型工业的能源效率与节约研究
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461645
H. Rahman, S. Majid, Lee Wan Zhen, Che Noraimy Che Aziz
This paper presents the methodology and opportunity in implementing energy conservation and efficiency in a medium scale industry. A user-friendly package was developed to assist the energy auditor in analyzing the data collected to determine the potential of energy efficiency and conservation. The software covers the analysis on motor, transformer, lighting, cable sizing, air-conditioning and power factor improvement. The analysis gives a straightforward cost comparison between the capital cost, running cost and the payback period. The software was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.
本文介绍了在中型工业中实施节能和提高能效的方法和机会。编制了一套便于使用的资料包,协助能源审计员分析收集到的数据,以确定能源效率和节约的潜力。该软件涵盖了电机、变压器、照明、电缆尺寸、空调和功率因数改进的分析。该分析给出了资金成本、运行成本和投资回收期之间的直接成本比较。本软件采用Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0开发。
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引用次数: 1
A new single-phase two-wire hybrid active power filter using extension p-q theorem for photovoltaic application 基于扩展p-q定理的新型光伏单相双线混合有源滤波器
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461629
P. C. Tan, Z. Salam
This paper presents a new single-phase two-wire hybrid active power filter configuration that interconnects a passive high-pass filter in parallel with an active power filter and a photovoltaic system. The proposed configuration can improves the filtering performance of the conventional active power filter, as well as simultaneously supply the power from the photovoltaic arrays to the load and utility. Furthermore, the derivation of arrays to the load and utility. Furthermore, the derivation of extension p-q theorem. This paper describes the proposed hybrid active power filter with photovoltaic system. It primarily focuses on the power circuit control system and the compensation current reference derivation. The proposed system effectively filters harmonics under 1 kHz but also higher frequency to achieve wideband harmonics compensation. The THD of source current is reduced from 76.83 % to 3.21 %. The simulation results that verify the theoretical predictions of the proposed configuration is presented.
本文提出了一种新的单相双线混合有源电力滤波器结构,该结构将无源高通滤波器与有源电力滤波器和光伏系统并联。所提出的结构可以提高传统有源电力滤波器的滤波性能,同时将光伏阵列的电力提供给负载和公用事业。此外,数组的派生到加载和实用程序。进一步,推导了可拓p-q定理。本文介绍了与光伏系统相结合的混合有源电力滤波器。重点介绍了功率电路控制系统和补偿电流基准推导。该系统能有效地滤除1 kHz以下的谐波,同时也能滤除更高频率的谐波,实现宽带谐波补偿。源电流的THD由76.83%降低到3.21%。仿真结果验证了该结构的理论预测。
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引用次数: 13
Software development of a voltage sag analysis tool for power quality study 电能质量研究电压暂降分析工具的软件开发
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461612
N. A. Abu Bakar, A. Mohamed, M. Ismail
Voltage sags are recognized as the most important power quality problem, which may cause sensitive equipments to trip, thus causing a major economic impact. Voltage sag analysis is usually , required to determine the voltage sag characteristics, the likelihood of a voltage sag occurrence and areas of vulnerability in power distribution systems. This paper presents a software development of a voltage sag analysis tool using the PSS engine application program interface library by Power Technologies Incorporation, Microsoft C++ and Visual BASIC. The objective is to develop a dedicated software for voltage sag analysis which automates the process of creating sliding nodes and fault analysis which is not available in the existing commercial power system analysis packages. An important feature included in the program is the short circuit analysis which incorporates multiple sliding faults analysis. Results are presented in tabular form and stored in exchangeable file format. The program has been tested on a real power distribution network and the results are satisfactory.
电压跌落是公认的最重要的电能质量问题,它可能导致敏感设备跳闸,从而造成重大的经济影响。电压暂降分析通常用于确定配电系统的电压暂降特性、电压暂降发生的可能性和易损区。本文介绍了利用Power Technologies corporation提供的PSS引擎应用程序接口库、Microsoft c++和Visual BASIC开发电压暂降分析工具的软件开发。目标是开发一种专用的电压暂降分析软件,该软件可以自动化创建滑动节点和故障分析的过程,这在现有的商业电力系统分析软件包中是不可用的。该程序的一个重要特点是集成了多个滑动故障分析的短路分析。结果以表格形式显示,并以可交换的文件格式存储。该方案已在实际配电网上进行了测试,取得了满意的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and simulation of maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system 光伏系统最大功率点跟踪器建模与仿真
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461622
Y. Yusof, S. Sayuti, M. A. ABDUL LATIF, M. Wanik
This paper presents an approach to model and simulate a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) system for battery charging application. Firstly, a simulation of Shell SM50-H PV module current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics at various insolation and temperature levels have been carried out using Matlab software. Next, the incremental conductance algorithm is applied for maximum power point (MPP) tracking purpose, which is developed using C programming. This algorithm is selected due to its ability to withstand against any parameter variation and having a very high efficiency. As a result, by variation of the temperature and the insolation, the algorithm still managed to track the MPP successfully. Finally, a model of a boost converter is constructed using Matlab/Simulink, particularly with great utilization of the power system blockset, (PSB), in order to verify the performance of proposed MPPT system. MPPT controlling process is developed using a simple voltage based MPPT that is controlled by a microcontroller-based unit to drive the MOSFET power switch. As for the consequences, this technique performance tends to give significant efficiency, in addition, it is cost saving and reliable.
提出了一种用于电池充电的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪器(MPPT)的建模与仿真方法。首先,利用Matlab软件对壳牌SM50-H光伏组件在不同日照和温度水平下的电流-电压(I-V)和功率-电压(P-V)特性进行仿真。其次,将增量电导算法应用于最大功率点(MPP)跟踪,并利用C语言编程实现了该算法。该算法具有抗任何参数变化的能力,并且具有很高的效率。结果表明,通过温度和日照的变化,该算法仍然能够成功地跟踪MPP。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink构建升压变换器模型,充分利用了电力系统模块集(PSB),验证了所提出的MPPT系统的性能。MPPT的控制过程是使用一个简单的基于电压的MPPT,由一个基于微控制器的单元控制,驱动MOSFET的功率开关。从结果来看,该技术性能往往具有显著的效率,并且具有成本节约和可靠性。
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引用次数: 123
Analysis and design of a closed loop controller for bidirectional high-frequency link inverter 双向高频链路逆变器闭环控制器的分析与设计
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461618
L. S. Toh, Z. Salam, M. Z. Ramli
This paper presents a closed loop controller for bidirectional high-frequency link inverter. Deadbeat control is adopted to achieve fast dynamic response. The controller consists of inner current loop and outer voltage loop. To improve overall performance of the system, additional decoupling networks are employed. Output voltage decoupling network is included to improve the response of current loop; while load current decoupling network is used to increase the robustness of the inverter towards load variation. Simulation results are presented for the closed loop system under linear and nonlinear loads. It is shown that the control method provides good dynamic response with low total harmonic distortion, even under full-bridge rectifier loads.
提出了一种用于双向高频链路逆变器的闭环控制器。采用无差拍控制,实现快速动态响应。该控制器由电流内环和电压外环组成。为了提高系统的整体性能,采用了额外的解耦网络。引入输出电压解耦网络,提高电流环的响应;同时采用负载电流解耦网络增强逆变器对负载变化的鲁棒性。给出了闭环系统在线性和非线性载荷作用下的仿真结果。结果表明,即使在全桥整流负载下,该控制方法也能提供良好的动态响应,且总谐波畸变小。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal allocation and sizing of embedded generators 嵌入式发电机的优化配置与尺寸
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461660
T. Rahman, S. Rahim, I. Musirin
Recent years, the number of embedded generators installed in distribution system has been increasing in many parts of the world. Depending on their operating characteristics and locations, embedded generators could significantly affect the voltage profile, network losses and fault level in a distribution system. This paper presents a new technique for determining optimal allocation and sizing of embedded generator in a distribution system. Sensitivity indices based on voltage stability improvement with respect to change in injected active and reactive power at a load bus were derived and used to identify the suitable location for the embedded generators. In order to determine the optimal output of the embedded generators, an evolutionary programming optimization technique was developed with an objective to minimize the distribution losses while satisfying the voltage constraint in the system. The proposed technique was tested on the 69 bus distribution system and the results shown a significant reduction in distribution losses and voltage profile improvement in the system with the implementation of the embedded generation at the suitable location and optimal sizing.
近年来,在世界许多地区,嵌入式发电机在配电系统中的安装数量不断增加。根据其运行特性和位置,嵌入式发电机可以显著影响配电系统的电压分布、网络损耗和故障水平。本文提出了一种确定配电系统中嵌入式发电机最优配置和规模的新方法。推导了基于电压稳定性改善对负载母线注入有功功率和无功功率变化的敏感性指标,并用于确定嵌入式发电机的合适位置。为了确定嵌入式发电机组的最优输出,提出了一种以满足系统电压约束、配电损耗最小为目标的进化规划优化方法。该技术在69母线配电系统上进行了测试,结果表明,在合适的位置和最佳的尺寸上实现嵌入式发电,可以显著降低配电损耗,改善系统的电压分布。
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引用次数: 93
A comparative study on the performances of the boost PFC circuit 升压PFC电路性能的比较研究
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461632
M. Sahid, N. Azli, N. Muhammad
Power factor correction (PFC) circuit using boost converter for low power applications are developed and analyzed in this work. Average current mode control is utilized in this work to control the circuit in the closed loop system. Simulation is done for the boost PFC circuit to validate the designed parameters. Furthermore, an experimental circuit is developed to verify and compare the results with the simulation. The frequency spectrum of the input current is then compared with the EN/IEC61000-2-3 standard on harmonic distortion. The dynamic response of the input current and output voltage are discusses as well. A 500 W output load is first chosen to illustrate the performances of the circuit. Several values of output load and input voltage would conclude the overall performance of the circuit.
本文对低功耗应用中使用升压变换器的功率因数校正(PFC)电路进行了开发和分析。本工作采用平均电流模式控制,对闭环系统中的电路进行控制。对升压PFC电路进行了仿真,验证了设计参数的正确性。此外,还设计了一个实验电路来验证和比较仿真结果。然后将输入电流的频谱与EN/IEC61000-2-3谐波失真标准进行比较。并对输入电流和输出电压的动态响应进行了讨论。首先选择500w的输出负载来说明电路的性能。输出负载和输入电压的几个值将决定电路的整体性能。
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引用次数: 9
Mathematical analysis of leakage current level in correlation with environmental stresses for solid insulating material under tracking test 跟踪试验中固体绝缘材料泄漏电流与环境应力关系的数学分析
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461661
M. Afendi, M. Piah, A. Darus
Environmental pollution can cause the insulator material to become progressively coated with dirt and chemicals in the long run. In the presence of wet atmospheric conditions, the leakage current flows due to the development of conducting path across the insulator surface. The level of leakage current depends on the surface wetting and the degree of electrolyte contamination as well as the environmental factors. An analytical approach based on dimensional analysis technique is applied to develop a mathematical model of leakage current in correlation with the environmental stresses. In order to verify the developed model, an inclined-plane tracking test is conducted on the polymeric insulating materials. The experimental work is carried out by measuring the magnitude of surface leakage current at different levels of contamination. Simulation results of the model have shown good agreement to the experimental results and provide useful information on describing the test condition of the tracking test procedures.
从长远来看,环境污染会导致绝缘体材料逐渐被污垢和化学物质所覆盖。在潮湿的大气条件下,由于绝缘子表面导电通路的发展,漏电流动。泄漏电流的大小取决于表面润湿程度和电解液污染程度以及环境因素。采用量纲分析方法建立了泄漏电流与环境应力的数学模型。为了验证所建立的模型,对聚合物绝缘材料进行了斜面跟踪试验。实验工作是通过测量不同污染水平下表面泄漏电流的大小来进行的。该模型的仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好,为描述跟踪试验过程的试验条件提供了有用的信息。
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引用次数: 2
Advanced tandem compound combined cycle governor model for KL-MSC island system KL-MSC海岛系统的先进串联复合联合循环调速器模型
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461636
A. Ariffin, D. Md Nor, M. Y. Rakob
This paper discusses the advanced combined cycle governor model developed for the KL-MSC island system. The underlying thermodynamic characteristics of the gas turbine are discussed and the simplified mathematical equation governing its behaviour is then described. The various controls are also modelled to account for the actual operation during transient conditions such as islanding. Simulations are then conducted to verify that the model confirms with previous developed model that was verified using field tests.
本文讨论了KL-MSC海岛系统的先进联合循环调速器模型。讨论了燃气轮机的基本热力学特性,然后描述了控制其行为的简化数学方程。还对各种控制进行了建模,以说明在孤岛等瞬态条件下的实际操作。然后进行模拟,以验证该模型与先前开发的模型相吻合,该模型已通过现场试验进行验证。
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引用次数: 0
Application of improved genetic algorithms for loss minimisation in power system 改进遗传算法在电力系统损耗最小化中的应用
Pub Date : 2004-11-29 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2004.1461654
M. M. Kamal, T. Rahman, I. Musirin
This paper presents the application of improved genetic algorithms (IGA) for optimal reactive power planning in loss minimisation scheme. In this study, IGA engine was developed to implement the optimisation of reactive power planning. The selection and steady state elitism combined with the conventional anchor spin techniques are incorporated into the traditional genetic algorithms (GA) for the development of the IGA. In each probing, identical initial population is supplied to the mechanism of IGA and traditional GA in order to have consistency during the initial population. The proposed IGA technique was tested on the IEEE reliability test system (IEEE-RTS), and revealed that the total loss has been significantly reduced. Comparative studies on the results obtained from the IGA with respect to the traditional GA, indicating that IGA outperformed the traditional GA in terms of accuracy and number of iteration. Consecutive efforts can be made to further explore the flexibility and capability of the developed IGA to be implemented in solving other optimisation problems in power system.
本文提出了改进遗传算法(IGA)在损耗最小化方案中最优无功规划中的应用。在本研究中,开发IGA引擎来实现无功规划的优化。将选择和稳态精英结合传统的锚点自旋技术引入传统的遗传算法中,开发了遗传算法。在每次探测中,为遗传算法和传统遗传算法提供相同的初始种群,以保证初始种群的一致性。在IEEE可靠性测试系统(IEEE- rts)上对所提出的IGA技术进行了测试,结果表明总损耗显著降低。将IGA与传统遗传算法的结果进行对比研究,结果表明IGA在准确率和迭代次数上都优于传统遗传算法。可以继续努力,进一步探索开发的IGA在解决电力系统其他优化问题中的灵活性和能力。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
PECon 2004. Proceedings. National Power and Energy Conference, 2004.
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