Although Erzya harmony is discussed as a kind of vowel harmony traditionally, suffix alternations show that there is a close interaction between consonants and vowels, therefore we should speak about a consonant-vowel harmony. This paper demonstrates that the palatalizedness of the consonants and the frontness of the vowels are also strongly connected inside stems: first syllable front vowels are quite rare after word-initial non-palatalized dentals but are dominant after palatalized ones; first syllable back vowels are dominantly followed by non-palatalized dentals, while the latter are very rare after front vowels.
{"title":"Erzya stem-internal vowel-consonant harmony: A new approach","authors":"L. Fejes","doi":"10.1556/2062.2021.00466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2021.00466","url":null,"abstract":"Although Erzya harmony is discussed as a kind of vowel harmony traditionally, suffix alternations show that there is a close interaction between consonants and vowels, therefore we should speak about a consonant-vowel harmony. This paper demonstrates that the palatalizedness of the consonants and the frontness of the vowels are also strongly connected inside stems: first syllable front vowels are quite rare after word-initial non-palatalized dentals but are dominant after palatalized ones; first syllable back vowels are dominantly followed by non-palatalized dentals, while the latter are very rare after front vowels.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following Trager & Bloch (1941), I argue that diphthongs in English are short vowels followed by a glide, that is, a consonant (Szigetvári 2016). In the present paper, I bring further evidence for this claim, based on the distribution of unstressed vowels in British English.
{"title":"Unstressed vowels in English: Distributions and consequences","authors":"Peter D Szigetvari","doi":"10.1556/2062.2021.00431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2021.00431","url":null,"abstract":"Following Trager & Bloch (1941), I argue that diphthongs in English are short vowels followed by a glide, that is, a consonant (Szigetvári 2016). In the present paper, I bring further evidence for this claim, based on the distribution of unstressed vowels in British English.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers the NP vs. DP debate from the perspective of dependency grammar (DG). The message is delivered that given DG assumptions about sentence structure, the traditional NP-analysis of nominal groups is preferable over the DP-analysis. The debate is also considered from the perspective of phrase structure grammar (PSG). While many of the issues discussed here do not directly support NP over DP given PSG assumptions, some do. More importantly, one has to accept the widespread presence of null determiner heads for the DP analysis to be plausible on PSG assumptions. The argument developed at length here is that the traditional NP-analysis of nominal groups is both more accurate and simpler than the DP-analysis, in part because it does not rely on the frequent occurrence of null determiners.
{"title":"NPs, not DPs: The NP vs. DP debate in the context of dependency grammar","authors":"Timothy Osborne","doi":"10.1556/2062.2021.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2021.00001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the NP vs. DP debate from the perspective of dependency grammar (DG). The message is delivered that given DG assumptions about sentence structure, the traditional NP-analysis of nominal groups is preferable over the DP-analysis. The debate is also considered from the perspective of phrase structure grammar (PSG). While many of the issues discussed here do not directly support NP over DP given PSG assumptions, some do. More importantly, one has to accept the widespread presence of null determiner heads for the DP analysis to be plausible on PSG assumptions. The argument developed at length here is that the traditional NP-analysis of nominal groups is both more accurate and simpler than the DP-analysis, in part because it does not rely on the frequent occurrence of null determiners.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agreement and case assignment can be interdependent, partially independent, or independent of each other (Baker & Vinokurova 2010; Baker 2014, 2015). These parametric options appear to have random distribution across languages. This paper claims on the basis of the comparison of the Ugric languages (Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarian) that the correlation of case and agreement or the lack of it may not be random. A strict correlation of case and agreement is attested in sentence structures displaying a fusion of grammatical functions and discourse roles. When these roles are encoded in distinct clausal domains, case and agreement have separate functions and licensing conditions, with case marking grammatical functions, and agreement associated with discourse roles. At the same time, relics of their former syntactic interdependence may survive in morphology, resulting in a partial correlation between case and agreement. It is shown that dependent case theory can account for the whole range of variation attested in the relation of case and agreement.
{"title":"What determines the varying relation of case and agreement? Evidence from the Ugric languages","authors":"K. Kiss","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Agreement and case assignment can be interdependent, partially independent, or independent of each other (Baker & Vinokurova 2010; Baker 2014, 2015). These parametric options appear to have random distribution across languages. This paper claims on the basis of the comparison of the Ugric languages (Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarian) that the correlation of case and agreement or the lack of it may not be random. A strict correlation of case and agreement is attested in sentence structures displaying a fusion of grammatical functions and discourse roles. When these roles are encoded in distinct clausal domains, case and agreement have separate functions and licensing conditions, with case marking grammatical functions, and agreement associated with discourse roles. At the same time, relics of their former syntactic interdependence may survive in morphology, resulting in a partial correlation between case and agreement. It is shown that dependent case theory can account for the whole range of variation attested in the relation of case and agreement.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46074229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hungarian Turkology has traditionally focused on the languages of the Middle Volga region. Chuvash is the only surviving representative of the western branch of the Turkic languages and dialects, and the Old Turkic loanwords in Hungarian prior to the conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 are an important source for reconstructing the language history of this group of Turkic languages in the period between the fifth and ninth centuries. The reconstruction of the history of Chuvash rests on Turkic loanwords in neighbouring Finno-Ugric and Slavic languages, as well as on Finno-Ugric and Slavic loanwords in Chuvash, combined with the historical reconstruction of Chuvash. Kl ara Agyag asi studied Turkology under Andr as R ona-Tas and specialized in Chuvash studies, although she did work on Tatar as well. Further, Agyag asi was trained in Slavic studies and wrote an important monograph on the Old Russian loanwords in the Turkic languages of the Volga–Kama region (Adjagaši 2005). She worked with G abor Bereczki to write an etymological dictionary of Cheremis (Bereczki 2013) and is an expert in Finno-Ugric studies. Agyag asi’s expertise allowed her to determine the chronology of the history of the Chuvash language using novel linguistic methods and to establish the historical consequences of her linguistic conclusions. Agyag asi accepts the term West Old Turkic (WOT), following the work of R ona-Tas and Berta, who indicate that the only survivor of this branch of the Turkic languages is Chuvash. WOT relates to the period of the fifth to thirteenth centuries for these languages. Several other terms relate to this group, such as Bulgar–Turkic, as introduced by Ašmarin, who identified Chuvash with the language spoken by the Volga Bulgars (tenth to thirteenth centuries), extending this further back to the Bulgars of the Eastern European steppe (the fifth to the
匈牙利突厥学传统上关注中伏尔加地区的语言。楚瓦什语是突厥语系西部分支和方言唯一幸存的代表，895年征服喀尔巴阡盆地之前的匈牙利语中的古突厥外来词是重建该突厥语系在5世纪至9世纪期间的语言历史的重要来源。丘瓦什语的历史重建是基于邻近的芬兰-乌戈尔语和斯拉夫语中的突厥语外来词，以及丘瓦什语中的芬兰-乌戈尔语和斯拉夫语外来词，结合丘瓦什语的历史重建。Kl ara agyagasi在Andr的指导下学习突厥学，并专门研究楚瓦什语，尽管她也研究鞑靼语。此外，Agyag asi接受过斯拉夫语研究方面的培训，并撰写了一本关于伏尔加-卡马地区突厥语中古俄语外来词的重要专著(Adjagaši 2005)。她与G abor Bereczki合作编写了Cheremis的词源词典(Bereczki 2013)，是芬兰-乌戈尔语研究专家。agyagasi的专业知识使她能够使用新颖的语言学方法确定楚瓦什语的历史年表，并确定她的语言学结论的历史后果。根据R ona-Tas和Berta的研究，agyagasi接受了西古突厥语(WOT)这一术语，他们指出这一突厥语言分支的唯一幸存者是Chuvash。WOT与这些语言在5世纪到13世纪的时期有关。其他几个术语与这一群体有关，如Ašmarin介绍的保加利亚-突厥语，他将楚瓦什语与伏尔加保加利亚人(10世纪至13世纪)所说的语言联系起来，并将其进一步延伸到东欧草原的保加利亚人(5世纪至13世纪)
{"title":"Chuvash Historical Phonetics. An areal linguistic study. With an Appendix on the Role of Proto-Mari in the History of Chuvash Vocalism","authors":"I. Zimonyi","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Hungarian Turkology has traditionally focused on the languages of the Middle Volga region. Chuvash is the only surviving representative of the western branch of the Turkic languages and dialects, and the Old Turkic loanwords in Hungarian prior to the conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 are an important source for reconstructing the language history of this group of Turkic languages in the period between the fifth and ninth centuries. The reconstruction of the history of Chuvash rests on Turkic loanwords in neighbouring Finno-Ugric and Slavic languages, as well as on Finno-Ugric and Slavic loanwords in Chuvash, combined with the historical reconstruction of Chuvash. Kl ara Agyag asi studied Turkology under Andr as R ona-Tas and specialized in Chuvash studies, although she did work on Tatar as well. Further, Agyag asi was trained in Slavic studies and wrote an important monograph on the Old Russian loanwords in the Turkic languages of the Volga–Kama region (Adjagaši 2005). She worked with G abor Bereczki to write an etymological dictionary of Cheremis (Bereczki 2013) and is an expert in Finno-Ugric studies. Agyag asi’s expertise allowed her to determine the chronology of the history of the Chuvash language using novel linguistic methods and to establish the historical consequences of her linguistic conclusions. Agyag asi accepts the term West Old Turkic (WOT), following the work of R ona-Tas and Berta, who indicate that the only survivor of this branch of the Turkic languages is Chuvash. WOT relates to the period of the fifth to thirteenth centuries for these languages. Several other terms relate to this group, such as Bulgar–Turkic, as introduced by Ašmarin, who identified Chuvash with the language spoken by the Volga Bulgars (tenth to thirteenth centuries), extending this further back to the Bulgars of the Eastern European steppe (the fifth to the","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44819851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a detailed description and analysis of the clausal organization of Tuparí, a Tupían language that is spoken by approximately 350 people in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The paper focuses on several interrelated issues that have broader comparative and typological importance, including (a) the distribution of head-initial and head-final phrase structure, (b) the diverse surface realizations of the Tense Phrase, and (c) the distinction between true pronouns and pronoun-like agreement enclitics. Data are drawn from an in-progress corpus of native language texts, everyday conversations and elicited utterances. Differences between Tuparí and the other languages belonging to the Tupían family's Tuparían branch are highlighted at various points for comparative purposes.
{"title":"The clausal organization of Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language","authors":"A. Singerman","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a detailed description and analysis of the clausal organization of Tuparí, a Tupían language that is spoken by approximately 350 people in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The paper focuses on several interrelated issues that have broader comparative and typological importance, including (a) the distribution of head-initial and head-final phrase structure, (b) the diverse surface realizations of the Tense Phrase, and (c) the distinction between true pronouns and pronoun-like agreement enclitics. Data are drawn from an in-progress corpus of native language texts, everyday conversations and elicited utterances. Differences between Tuparí and the other languages belonging to the Tupían family's Tuparían branch are highlighted at various points for comparative purposes.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44552787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyse two reduplication processes in Saraiki, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan. The two processes are only minimally different: the first type involves total reduplication and the second type involves overwriting with an initial consonant (“fixed segment reduplication”). The goal of the paper is to expose the difficulties of analysing both processes in a single grammar, i.e. with a single constraint hierarchy in Optimality Theory: we finally opt for an analysis based on allomorphy for the second type, to capture the morpheme-specific nature of the processes involved.
{"title":"A unified analysis of two reduplication processes in Saraiki","authors":"Jeroen van de Weijer, Firdos Atta","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00022","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse two reduplication processes in Saraiki, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan. The two processes are only minimally different: the first type involves total reduplication and the second type involves overwriting with an initial consonant (“fixed segment reduplication”). The goal of the paper is to expose the difficulties of analysing both processes in a single grammar, i.e. with a single constraint hierarchy in Optimality Theory: we finally opt for an analysis based on allomorphy for the second type, to capture the morpheme-specific nature of the processes involved.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45771889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Back to restitutives (again): A syntactic account of restitutive and counterdirectional verbal particles in Hungarian","authors":"V. Hegedűs","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42650693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses two Hungarian verbal particles that belong to the semantic group of repetitive elements. The main focus is on the verbal particle újra ‘again’, which has primarily been discussed as an adverb with repetitive and restitutive meanings (with the exception of Csirmaz 2015) but can be a verbal particle, which is distinct both from the adverb and from most other verbal particles. The verbal particle vissza ‘back’, which expresses counterdirectionality will be claimed to be like typical, primarily directional verbal particles and to be a part of the result component of the argument structure. Újra ‘again’ as a verbal particle is analyzed on a par with some non-directional particles and idiomatic resultative phrases that are inserted into the structure in a functional projection below the external argument.
{"title":"Back to restitutives (again): A syntactic account of restitutive and counterdirectional verbal particles in Hungarian","authors":"V. Hegedűs","doi":"10.1556/2062.2020.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses two Hungarian verbal particles that belong to the semantic group of repetitive elements. The main focus is on the verbal particle újra ‘again’, which has primarily been discussed as an adverb with repetitive and restitutive meanings (with the exception of Csirmaz 2015) but can be a verbal particle, which is distinct both from the adverb and from most other verbal particles. The verbal particle vissza ‘back’, which expresses counterdirectionality will be claimed to be like typical, primarily directional verbal particles and to be a part of the result component of the argument structure. Újra ‘again’ as a verbal particle is analyzed on a par with some non-directional particles and idiomatic resultative phrases that are inserted into the structure in a functional projection below the external argument.","PeriodicalId":37594,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Academica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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