This paper is written in response to ideas and information presented by Morwood and Tresize (1989) pertaining to the antiquity and distribution of axes in Sahul and in particular to one axe from S.E. Cape York. It is felt that this response is necessary because, whilst Morwood and Tresize raise some important issues and identify some apparent trends in the late Pleistocene of Sahul, their paper also engenders some confusion about these and other issues. Whilst I will not contend that the axe is a "false fact" it is true that serious consideration to the validity of the inferences Morwood and Tresize present is necessary due to the nascent nature of our understanding of Pleistocene humans and Morwood and Tresize's suggestions in this regard.
{"title":"Pleistocene Axes in Sahul: a response to Morwood and Tresize","authors":"S. Sutton","doi":"10.25120/QAR.7.1990.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.7.1990.129","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is written in response to ideas and information presented by Morwood and Tresize (1989) pertaining to the antiquity and distribution of axes in Sahul and in particular to one axe from S.E. Cape York. It is felt that this response is necessary because, whilst Morwood and Tresize raise some important issues and identify some apparent trends in the late Pleistocene of Sahul, their paper also engenders some confusion about these and other issues. Whilst I will not contend that the axe is a \"false fact\" it is true that serious consideration to the validity of the inferences Morwood and Tresize present is necessary due to the nascent nature of our understanding of Pleistocene humans and Morwood and Tresize's suggestions in this regard.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69449280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general theme in Australian prehistory is the development of the distinctive social, economic and technological systems observed in recent Aboriginal societies. Research has demonstrated significant change in the Australian archaeological sequence and general trends of such are shared by numerous regions. Most that have been investigated indicate low density occupation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene with significant increases in site numbers, increased artefact discard rates and dissemination of new technologies and artefact types in mid-to-late Holocene times (e.g. Lourandos 1985). On the other hand, each region has a unique prehistory, range of material evidence and research potential. Our knowledge of Holocene developments in aboriginal subsistence systems, for instance, is largely based upon the history of cycad exploitation in the central Queensland Highlands (Beaton 1982), the appearance of seed grindstones in arid and semi-arid zones (Smith 1986) and evidence for increased emphasis on small-bodied animals in N.E. New South Wales and S.E. Queensland (McBryde 1977:233; Morwood 1987:347).
{"title":"The prehistory of Aboriginal landuse on the upper Flinders River, North Queensland Highlands","authors":"M. Morwood","doi":"10.25120/QAR.7.1990.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.7.1990.126","url":null,"abstract":"A general theme in Australian prehistory is the development of the distinctive social, economic and technological systems observed in recent Aboriginal societies. Research has demonstrated significant change in the Australian archaeological sequence and general trends of such are shared by numerous regions. Most that have been investigated indicate low density occupation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene with significant increases in site numbers, increased artefact discard rates and dissemination of new technologies and artefact types in mid-to-late Holocene times (e.g. Lourandos 1985). On the other hand, each region has a unique prehistory, range of material evidence and research potential. Our knowledge of Holocene developments in aboriginal subsistence systems, for instance, is largely based upon the history of cycad exploitation in the central Queensland Highlands (Beaton 1982), the appearance of seed grindstones in arid and semi-arid zones (Smith 1986) and evidence for increased emphasis on small-bodied animals in N.E. New South Wales and S.E. Queensland (McBryde 1977:233; Morwood 1987:347).","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69447176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archaeological excavation of the Echidna's rest site was undertaken in 1985 as part of an M.A. thesis research project at the Australian National University (David 1987). The project concerned patterns of cultural change and stability during the Holocene in the Chillagoe region of Northern Queensland and included an investigation of past foraging behaviour. When this research began very little was known of the prehistory of the region (see Campbell 1982, David 1984). Echidna's Rest was therefore excavated primarily to obtain information about the human antiquity and paleoenvironment of the region.
1985年，作为澳大利亚国立大学硕士论文研究项目的一部分，对针鼹休息地点进行了考古发掘(David 1987)。Â该项目关注昆士兰州北部Chillagoe地区全新世文化变化和稳定的模式，包括对过去觅食行为的调查。Â当这项研究开始时，对该地区的史前史知之甚少(见Campbell 1982, David 1984)。Â因此，挖掘针鼹的安息地主要是为了获得有关该地区人类古代和古环境的信息。
{"title":"Echidna's Rest, Chillagoe: a site report","authors":"B. David","doi":"10.25120/QAR.7.1990.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.7.1990.128","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological excavation of the Echidna's rest site was undertaken in 1985 as part of an M.A. thesis research project at the Australian National University (David 1987). The project concerned patterns of cultural change and stability during the Holocene in the Chillagoe region of Northern Queensland and included an investigation of past foraging behaviour. When this research began very little was known of the prehistory of the region (see Campbell 1982, David 1984). Echidna's Rest was therefore excavated primarily to obtain information about the human antiquity and paleoenvironment of the region.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a taphonomic analysis of a part of the faunal assemblage recovered from Yam Camp shelter, a prehistoric Aboriginal site located on Shepherd creek, a tributary to the Little Laura River, S.E. Cape York Peninsula. The site was excavated in July 1989 under the directorship of Dr. Mike Morwood, Department of Archaeology and Paleoanthropology, The University of New England. Some aspects of the archaeology of this site have already been discussed by Morwood (1989; 1990) and Pearson (1989) and a full excavation report will be published in due course. Due to the extremely fragmented nature of the faunal assemblage, a detailed reconstruction of the taphonomic history was considered necessary prior to the study of economic patterns at the site.
{"title":"A taphonomic analysis of the faunal assemblage from Yam Camp rockshelter, S.E. Cape York Peninsula","authors":"B. Huchet","doi":"10.25120/QAR.7.1990.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.7.1990.127","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a taphonomic analysis of a part of the faunal assemblage recovered from Yam Camp shelter, a prehistoric Aboriginal site located on Shepherd creek, a tributary to the Little Laura River, S.E. Cape York Peninsula. The site was excavated in July 1989 under the directorship of Dr. Mike Morwood, Department of Archaeology and Paleoanthropology, The University of New England. Some aspects of the archaeology of this site have already been discussed by Morwood (1989; 1990) and Pearson (1989) and a full excavation report will be published in due course. Due to the extremely fragmented nature of the faunal assemblage, a detailed reconstruction of the taphonomic history was considered necessary prior to the study of economic patterns at the site.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69447266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological analyses of stone artefacts in Australia (e.g. Hiscock 1982; 1984; 1989) and more generally (e.g. Flenniken 1985) have yielded insights into prehistoric human behaviour not obtained by analyses which are more typologically oriented. To a large extent, previous work of this sort in S.E. Cape York Peninsula has been of the latter variety and have emphasized formal descriptions of assemblages over behavioural implications of technological change. Nevertheless, major changes in raw material use and artefact size and range have been demonstrated (Flood and Horsfall 1986; Rosenfeld et al 1981; Wright 1971a). By contrast, this paper targets aspects of two site assemblages in this region which were considered capable of yielding information concerning temporal changes in the way people have used stone for flaking. These aspects include raw material and artefact size and form (see Hiscock 1984).
澳大利亚石质文物的技术分析(如Hiscock 1982;1984;1989)和更普遍的(如Flenniken 1985)已经产生了史前人类行为的见解，而不是通过更以类型学为导向的分析获得的。Â在很大程度上，以前在东南约克角半岛进行的这类工作属于后一种类型，并且强调对集合的正式描述，而不是技术变化的行为含义。Â尽管如此，原材料的使用和人工制品的大小和范围已经发生了重大变化(Flood和Horsfall 1986;Rosenfeld et al . 1981;1971年莱特)。Â相比之下，本文的目标是该地区的两个遗址组合，它们被认为能够提供有关人们使用石头剥落方式的时间变化的信息。Â这些方面包括原材料和人工制品的大小和形式(见Hiscock 1984)。
{"title":"A technical analysis of stone artefacts from Yam Camp surface scatter and rockshelter, S.E. Cape York Peninsula","authors":"W. Pearson","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.139","url":null,"abstract":"Technological analyses of stone artefacts in Australia (e.g. Hiscock 1982; 1984; 1989) and more generally (e.g. Flenniken 1985) have yielded insights into prehistoric human behaviour not obtained by analyses which are more typologically oriented. To a large extent, previous work of this sort in S.E. Cape York Peninsula has been of the latter variety and have emphasized formal descriptions of assemblages over behavioural implications of technological change. Nevertheless, major changes in raw material use and artefact size and range have been demonstrated (Flood and Horsfall 1986; Rosenfeld et al 1981; Wright 1971a). By contrast, this paper targets aspects of two site assemblages in this region which were considered capable of yielding information concerning temporal changes in the way people have used stone for flaking. These aspects include raw material and artefact size and form (see Hiscock 1984).","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69446959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1968, the Queensland Government proposed the granting of an Oysterman's Reserve at Toulkerrie on the south west coast of Moreton Island, under the trusteeship of the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industries. The lease consists of some 11 Lots within a wedge-shaped tract from 400m long (N-S) by between 100m (in north) and 50m wide (south). As a consequence of this proposal the National Parks and Wildlife Service decided to alter the route of a stretch of road running through the lease area and called for a prior archaeological inspection of the new route. This work revealed numerous middens within the proposed lease proper (Hall 1988a) and subsequent discussions between D.P.I. and the (then) Archaeology Branch, Department of Community Services, led to a cultural resource management study (Hall 1988b). On the basis of an assessment of the surface manifestation of cultural material this area was deemed a significant Aboriginal midden-camp complex. Accordingly, a management plan was proposed which included limited archaeological excavation.Â
{"title":"An excavation of a midden complex at the Toulkerrie Oystermens Lease, Moreton Island, S.E. Queensland","authors":"Jay Hall, G. Bowen","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.135","url":null,"abstract":"In 1968, the Queensland Government proposed the granting of an Oysterman's Reserve at Toulkerrie on the south west coast of Moreton Island, under the trusteeship of the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industries. The lease consists of some 11 Lots within a wedge-shaped tract from 400m long (N-S) by between 100m (in north) and 50m wide (south). As a consequence of this proposal the National Parks and Wildlife Service decided to alter the route of a stretch of road running through the lease area and called for a prior archaeological inspection of the new route. This work revealed numerous middens within the proposed lease proper (Hall 1988a) and subsequent discussions between D.P.I. and the (then) Archaeology Branch, Department of Community Services, led to a cultural resource management study (Hall 1988b). On the basis of an assessment of the surface manifestation of cultural material this area was deemed a significant Aboriginal midden-camp complex. Accordingly, a management plan was proposed which included limited archaeological excavation.Â","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69446079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Division of Anthropology and Archaeology of the School of Behavioural Sciences is involved in a wide range of archaeological research in Australia and overseas. As befits the location of the University, most recent and current research concerns various aspects of the archaeology of North Queensland. This summary, however, takes a wider view on Northern Sahul.
{"title":"Current Queensland archaeological research","authors":"J. Campbell, P. Gorecki","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.141","url":null,"abstract":"The Division of Anthropology and Archaeology of the School of Behavioural Sciences is involved in a wide range of archaeological research in Australia and overseas. As befits the location of the University, most recent and current research concerns various aspects of the archaeology of North Queensland. This summary, however, takes a wider view on Northern Sahul.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69447016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines a series of shell midden and stone artefact sites located at the mouth of the Maroochy River, southeast Queensland. It represents the first detailed archaeological research undertaken on the Sunshine Coast since Jackson (1939) investigated a series of middens near Point Cartwright in the 1930's.  The present study details the results of survey and excavation work, with a number of tentative hypotheses concerning late Holocene shellfishing behaviour, bevel-edged tool use, and "regionalization" of societal groupings.
{"title":"Aboriginal shell middens at the mouth of the Maroochy River, southeast Queensland","authors":"Ian J. McNiven","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines a series of shell midden and stone artefact sites located at the mouth of the Maroochy River, southeast Queensland. It represents the first detailed archaeological research undertaken on the Sunshine Coast since Jackson (1939) investigated a series of middens near Point Cartwright in the 1930's.  The present study details the results of survey and excavation work, with a number of tentative hypotheses concerning late Holocene shellfishing behaviour, bevel-edged tool use, and \"regionalization\" of societal groupings.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69446249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Douglas Shire is a small coastal shire in the wet tropics of North Queensland, lying between Buchan Point in the south and Bloomfield in the north. It is dominated by steep rainforest-covered mountains with a narrow coastal strip, rising from sea level to 1370m in only 6km. Annual rainfall varies from 1000mm in the south to 3750mm in the north. It is a very well watered district with four main rivers and several good creeks, all of which are very fast-flowing. Before clearing began, two-thirds of the Shire was under heavy tropical rainforest, the other third was timbered grassland (eucalypt and wattle) with some melaleuca and mangrove swamps. There are also beaches, sand ridges, mangrove-lined rivers and creeks, and some salt pans.
{"title":"Some Aboriginal walking tracks and camp sites in the Douglas Shire, North Queensland","authors":"C. McCracken","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.140","url":null,"abstract":"The Douglas Shire is a small coastal shire in the wet tropics of North Queensland, lying between Buchan Point in the south and Bloomfield in the north. It is dominated by steep rainforest-covered mountains with a narrow coastal strip, rising from sea level to 1370m in only 6km. Annual rainfall varies from 1000mm in the south to 3750mm in the north. It is a very well watered district with four main rivers and several good creeks, all of which are very fast-flowing. Before clearing began, two-thirds of the Shire was under heavy tropical rainforest, the other third was timbered grassland (eucalypt and wattle) with some melaleuca and mangrove swamps. There are also beaches, sand ridges, mangrove-lined rivers and creeks, and some salt pans.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69446685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports an archaeological excavation at Nara Inlet, Hook Island, one of the Whitsunday group off the central Queensland coast. The site, Nara Inlet 1, is a large rockshelter which returned a non-basal 14C date of 8150±80 bp. The excavation forms part of a wider study investigating prehistoric island use by Aborigines of the Whitsunday region as well as archaeological change in the Holocene Period.
{"title":"Nara Inlet 1: a Holocene sequence from the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland coast","authors":"B. Barker","doi":"10.25120/QAR.6.1989.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.6.1989.137","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an archaeological excavation at Nara Inlet, Hook Island, one of the Whitsunday group off the central Queensland coast. The site, Nara Inlet 1, is a large rockshelter which returned a non-basal 14C date of 8150±80 bp. The excavation forms part of a wider study investigating prehistoric island use by Aborigines of the Whitsunday region as well as archaeological change in the Holocene Period.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69446299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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