G. Gates, P. Goyes, F. Gundogdu, J. Cruz, D. Ratkowsky
The diversity and ecology of macrofungi based on fruitbody collections in a small portion of a 25-year-old regenerating forest in tropical Ecuador was investigated over a period of 8 weeks. Maps are provided of the living trees of three 10 m x 10 m plots within the forest. All fungal fruitbodies within the plots were collected every third day, the major substrates being wood, litter and soil. There were 254 collections in total, representing 127 morphospecies of which 17 are Ascomycetes and 110 are Basidiomycetes. Wood supported the greatest number of species overall, but the mycota in the three plots of the study varied greatly, with one plot having twice as many species on litter as on wood. Using canonical analysis of principal components and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, the species assemblage in the plot with the greatest amount of standing and fallen wood was the most significantly different from the other sampling units. It is concluded that a detailed examination of even a small area can provide valuable information on the fungal diversity and assemblages of a forest. This is one of the few studies from Ecuador relating macrofungal diversity to forest structure.
{"title":"Small plot surveying reveals high fungal diversity in the Ecuadorian Amazon – a case study","authors":"G. Gates, P. Goyes, F. Gundogdu, J. Cruz, D. Ratkowsky","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/2","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity and ecology of macrofungi based on fruitbody collections in a small portion of a 25-year-old regenerating forest in tropical Ecuador was investigated over a period of 8 weeks. Maps are provided of the living trees of three 10 m x 10 m plots within the forest. All fungal fruitbodies within the plots were collected every third day, the major substrates being wood, litter and soil. There were 254 collections in total, representing 127 morphospecies of which 17 are Ascomycetes and 110 are Basidiomycetes. Wood supported the greatest number of species overall, but the mycota in the three plots of the study varied greatly, with one plot having twice as many species on litter as on wood. Using canonical analysis of principal components and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, the species assemblage in the plot with the greatest amount of standing and fallen wood was the most significantly different from the other sampling units. It is concluded that a detailed examination of even a small area can provide valuable information on the fungal diversity and assemblages of a forest. This is one of the few studies from Ecuador relating macrofungal diversity to forest structure.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75872340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an outcome of fungal forays, a number of collections of genera Strobilurus and Xerula were made from Kashmir, Himalaya. These collections were analyzed taxonomically as per the standard methodology. In the present paper, three species of the genus Xerula viz. X. furfuracea, X. radicata var. setosa var. nov., X. kenyae and one species of the genus Strobilurus namely S. tenacellus are discussed. Among these species, one new variety is proposed viz. Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov. and the other three species are reported for the first time from India. Full descriptions, field photographs, microphotographs, drawings of macroscopic and microscopic features and a key to the explored taxa are provided.
作为真菌入侵的结果，在喜马拉雅地区的克什米尔地区收集了大量的球藻属和小球藻属植物。按照标准方法对这些集合进行分类分析。本文讨论了枯藓属的三个种，即furfuracea，根藓属，setosa变种，肯尼亚种和Strobilurus属的一个种，即S. tenacellus。其中，提出了1个新变种(Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov.)，其余3个为印度首次报道种。提供了完整的描述，现场照片，显微照片，宏观和微观特征的图纸和探索分类群的钥匙。
{"title":"Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov. and three new records of the family Physalacriaceae, Agaricales from the Indian subcontinent","authors":"N. Wani, MK Saini, N. Malik","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/18","url":null,"abstract":"As an outcome of fungal forays, a number of collections of genera Strobilurus and Xerula were made from Kashmir, Himalaya. These collections were analyzed taxonomically as per the standard methodology. In the present paper, three species of the genus Xerula viz. X. furfuracea, X. radicata var. setosa var. nov., X. kenyae and one species of the genus Strobilurus namely S. tenacellus are discussed. Among these species, one new variety is proposed viz. Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov. and the other three species are reported for the first time from India. Full descriptions, field photographs, microphotographs, drawings of macroscopic and microscopic features and a key to the explored taxa are provided.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90678072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is already altering the temperate ecosystems and as a result these ecosystems are now subjected to increased incidence of freezing and warming events. To understand the impact of sub-zero temperatures on the fungal communities in temperate soils, three soils namely clean natural soil (CNS), short term diesel oil polluted (SDS) and crude oil polluted (SCS) from a temperate region in Northern China were subjected to freezing and thawing temperatures ranging from –20 to 0C for 32 days. This study monitors and compares the changes in fungal community composition and diversity in clean and short-term petroleum polluted soils at specific temperature points (20, 0, –10 and –20C) during the laboratory-controlled freeze-thaw experiments. Structural analysis of the fungal community with 18S RNA gene analysis revealed that the sub-zero temperatures caused distinct shifts in the fungal phylum composition of the temperate soils during soil freezing phase and thawing phase respectively. The community in CNS was most responsive to the sub-zero temperature changes among the studied soil types. The thawing sub-zero temperatures were characterized by decreased community richness in the clean soil while the short-term polluted soils SDS and SCS increased in richness. Overall, our results established that the fungal community composition and diversity in the polluted soil types were more adaptable to the sub-zero temperature variations during soil freezing and thawing conditions when compared to those in the clean natural soil, suggesting that the native fungal communities present in the temperate soils with different contamination profiles displayed varying levels of cold survivability.
{"title":"Impact of sub-zero temperatures on the fungal community composition and diversity in short-term petroleum polluted temperate soils","authors":"C. Okonkwo, J. Li, N. Liu","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/31","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is already altering the temperate ecosystems and as a result these ecosystems are now subjected to increased incidence of freezing and warming events. To understand the impact of sub-zero temperatures on the fungal communities in temperate soils, three soils namely clean natural soil (CNS), short term diesel oil polluted (SDS) and crude oil polluted (SCS) from a temperate region in Northern China were subjected to freezing and thawing temperatures ranging from –20 to 0C for 32 days. This study monitors and compares the changes in fungal community composition and diversity in clean and short-term petroleum polluted soils at specific temperature points (20, 0, –10 and –20C) during the laboratory-controlled freeze-thaw experiments. Structural analysis of the fungal community with 18S RNA gene analysis revealed that the sub-zero temperatures caused distinct shifts in the fungal phylum composition of the temperate soils during soil freezing phase and thawing phase respectively. The community in CNS was most responsive to the sub-zero temperature changes among the studied soil types. The thawing sub-zero temperatures were characterized by decreased community richness in the clean soil while the short-term polluted soils SDS and SCS increased in richness. Overall, our results established that the fungal community composition and diversity in the polluted soil types were more adaptable to the sub-zero temperature variations during soil freezing and thawing conditions when compared to those in the clean natural soil, suggesting that the native fungal communities present in the temperate soils with different contamination profiles displayed varying levels of cold survivability.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77695425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality markers as a tool for evaluation of medicinal mushroom, cordyceps during bioprocessing and quality control","authors":"D. Sanyal, P. Dey","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89879743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The karst forest landscape is a unique terrestrial ecosystem where myxomycetes have not been extensively studied. Herewith, we report the first formal listing and ecological assessment of myxomycetes on the limestone forest in Minalungao National Park, Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Philippines. The integrated field and moist chamber techniques gave a total of 318 identifiable fruiting bodies classified into 28 species and 14 genera, nine of which are recorded as rare, and five as abundant. Moist chambers with above-ground plant materials, i.e., aerial leaf litter and woody vines (78%) were more productive than the forest floor litter – twigs (72%) and ground leaf litter (63%). The species accumulation curve determined that 80% of the species were recovered from the area. We also determined the general taxonomic diversity (TDI = 2.07) and species diversity (HG = 4.86, HS = 0.91, FAI = 7.76, E = 0.37) of myxomycetes associated with the limestone forest habitat. However, among substrates, woody vines and twigs were the most “favored” substrates with the highest taxonomic and species diversity. Furthermore, Bray Curtis (BC) community analysis of myxomycete assemblages showed high similarities in species composition between similar types of microhabitats, i.e., between aerial and ground leaf litter and between woody vines and twigs. Our study provided baseline information on the composition of limestone-inhabiting myxomycetes and gives updates on the status of myxomycetes in limestone forests in the Philippines.
喀斯特森林景观是一种独特的陆地生态系统，黏菌在这里的研究还不广泛。在此，我们报告了菲律宾吕宋岛中部新埃西贾Minalungao国家公园石灰岩森林中黏菌的首次正式上市和生态评价。利用田间和湿室综合技术共鉴定出318个可识别的子实体，隶属于14属28种，其中9个属罕见，5个属丰富。有地上植物材料的潮湿室，即空中凋落叶和木本藤蔓(78%)的生产力高于森林地面凋落叶-树枝(72%)和地面凋落叶(63%)。物种积累曲线表明，80%的物种从该区域恢复。测定了灰岩林生境黏菌的总分类多样性(TDI = 2.07)和物种多样性(HG = 4.86, HS = 0.91, FAI = 7.76, E = 0.37)。而在基质中，木质藤本和小枝是最受青睐的基质，具有最高的分类和物种多样性。此外，Bray Curtis (BC)的黏菌群落分析表明，在相似类型的微生境中，即空中凋落叶与地面凋落叶之间、木本藤蔓与树枝之间，黏菌的物种组成具有高度的相似性。我们的研究提供了石灰岩黏菌组成的基线信息，并提供了菲律宾石灰岩森林中黏菌状况的最新信息。
{"title":"First report of myxomycetes in the karst forest of Minalungao National Park, Nueva Ecija, Philippines with updates on the limestone-inhabiting myxomycetes of the Philippines","authors":"MH Pecundo","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/17","url":null,"abstract":"The karst forest landscape is a unique terrestrial ecosystem where myxomycetes have not been extensively studied. Herewith, we report the first formal listing and ecological assessment of myxomycetes on the limestone forest in Minalungao National Park, Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Philippines. The integrated field and moist chamber techniques gave a total of 318 identifiable fruiting bodies classified into 28 species and 14 genera, nine of which are recorded as rare, and five as abundant. Moist chambers with above-ground plant materials, i.e., aerial leaf litter and woody vines (78%) were more productive than the forest floor litter – twigs (72%) and ground leaf litter (63%). The species accumulation curve determined that 80% of the species were recovered from the area. We also determined the general taxonomic diversity (TDI = 2.07) and species diversity (HG = 4.86, HS = 0.91, FAI = 7.76, E = 0.37) of myxomycetes associated with the limestone forest habitat. However, among substrates, woody vines and twigs were the most “favored” substrates with the highest taxonomic and species diversity. Furthermore, Bray Curtis (BC) community analysis of myxomycete assemblages showed high similarities in species composition between similar types of microhabitats, i.e., between aerial and ground leaf litter and between woody vines and twigs. Our study provided baseline information on the composition of limestone-inhabiting myxomycetes and gives updates on the status of myxomycetes in limestone forests in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80980170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Qostal, S. Kribel, M. Chliyeh, N. Mouden, MA El Alaoui, S. Serghat, A. Ouazzani Touhami, A. Douira
Field surveys carried out in wheat (durum and soft) and barley fields in April-May 2017 in North-West Morocco resulted in the isolation of a large number of fungal isolates from typical necrotic lesions characterizing the root rot of these cereals. Microscopic observations, based on morphological criteria linked an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum with an isolate of F. solani . Another Fusarium isolate ZF25, showed intermediate morphological characteristics between F. solani and F. oxysporum. Molecular comparisons showed the ZF25 and F. redolens to have a similarity of 99%. The sequence from this isolate was submitted to GenBank (accession number MT758201). Koch’s postulate was verified by inoculating these three isolates into varieties of wheat (hard and soft) and barley. All isolates induced necrotic lesions on the roots. Pathogen re-isolations from these lesions were positive. The percentages of the highest severity class S4 can reach 41.6% for wheat and 16.6% for barley. The percentages of incidences and indices of root rot observed in the wheat and barley plants inoculated with the three Fusarium isolates vary between 83.6 and 100% and between 58.3 and 70% respectively. These inoculation tests have shown that F. redolens has a strong pathogenicity towards wheat and barley. This species has not been reported in Morocco among the fungi associated with roots of barley and wheat and to our knowledge; this is the first report of this pathogen among the Fusarium complex responsible for root rot of these cereals.
{"title":"First report of Fusarium redolens causing root rot disease of wheat and barley in Morocco","authors":"S. Qostal, S. Kribel, M. Chliyeh, N. Mouden, MA El Alaoui, S. Serghat, A. Ouazzani Touhami, A. Douira","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/19","url":null,"abstract":"Field surveys carried out in wheat (durum and soft) and barley fields in April-May 2017 in North-West Morocco resulted in the isolation of a large number of fungal isolates from typical necrotic lesions characterizing the root rot of these cereals. Microscopic observations, based on morphological criteria linked an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum with an isolate of F. solani . Another Fusarium isolate ZF25, showed intermediate morphological characteristics between F. solani and F. oxysporum. Molecular comparisons showed the ZF25 and F. redolens to have a similarity of 99%. The sequence from this isolate was submitted to GenBank (accession number MT758201). Koch’s postulate was verified by inoculating these three isolates into varieties of wheat (hard and soft) and barley. All isolates induced necrotic lesions on the roots. Pathogen re-isolations from these lesions were positive. The percentages of the highest severity class S4 can reach 41.6% for wheat and 16.6% for barley. The percentages of incidences and indices of root rot observed in the wheat and barley plants inoculated with the three Fusarium isolates vary between 83.6 and 100% and between 58.3 and 70% respectively. These inoculation tests have shown that F. redolens has a strong pathogenicity towards wheat and barley. This species has not been reported in Morocco among the fungi associated with roots of barley and wheat and to our knowledge; this is the first report of this pathogen among the Fusarium complex responsible for root rot of these cereals.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76258966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AP Asiandu, A. Wahyudi, F. Ramadhan, H. Widjajanti
Endophytic fungi residing inside the host plant tissues may produce the same secondary metabolites as their host plants. They may have undergone coevolution and horizontal gene transfer with their host plants. Due to these processes, they may produce various kinds of chemical compounds that are important for new drugs. Scientists have successfully isolated endophytes from many higher plants. However, there are scarce reports on the biodiversity and potential of fungal endophytes associated with mosses and ferns. Mosses and ferns are highly diverse and found in all environments. They can also be used as traditional medicines. They produce some secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential for drug production. Thus, the lack of information on endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses opens up new opportunities for discovering new endophytic fungal species that have not been isolated. Also, this gap of knowledge provides an opportunity to obtain new types of chemical compounds from endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses that have essential potential. Therefore, we compile information on the various kinds of non-mycorrhizal endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses. The data used in this article are secondary and third-party data collected from some previous reports based on culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. This review article aims to provide information about the biodiversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses in exploring and developing further research of endophytic fungi to obtain new drugs and industrial enzymes.
{"title":"Bioprospecting of non-mycorrhizal endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses","authors":"AP Asiandu, A. Wahyudi, F. Ramadhan, H. Widjajanti","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/30","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi residing inside the host plant tissues may produce the same secondary metabolites as their host plants. They may have undergone coevolution and horizontal gene transfer with their host plants. Due to these processes, they may produce various kinds of chemical compounds that are important for new drugs. Scientists have successfully isolated endophytes from many higher plants. However, there are scarce reports on the biodiversity and potential of fungal endophytes associated with mosses and ferns. Mosses and ferns are highly diverse and found in all environments. They can also be used as traditional medicines. They produce some secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential for drug production. Thus, the lack of information on endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses opens up new opportunities for discovering new endophytic fungal species that have not been isolated. Also, this gap of knowledge provides an opportunity to obtain new types of chemical compounds from endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses that have essential potential. Therefore, we compile information on the various kinds of non-mycorrhizal endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses. The data used in this article are secondary and third-party data collected from some previous reports based on culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. This review article aims to provide information about the biodiversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi associated with ferns and mosses in exploring and developing further research of endophytic fungi to obtain new drugs and industrial enzymes.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81841465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytic fungi are an important source of novel bioactive molecules having broad applications in agriculture, pharmaceutical and medical industries. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Dillenia indica L. and characterized on the basis of morphological and molecular approaches. Twenty-five different endophytic fungi belonging to twenty genera i.e., Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Bipolaris crotonis, Fusarium oxysporum, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride, Clonostachys rosea, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Schizophyllum commune, Phomopsis sp., Colletotrichum gigasporum, Fomitopsis meliae, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Nigrospora sphaerica, Xylaria longipes, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus fumigatus, Colletotrichum musae and Colletotrichum boninense were isolated and identified from different parts (leaves, fruits and stems) of Dillenia indica. To the best of our knowledge, Colletotrichum gigasporum is being reported for the first time from northwestern India and this is the first report on endophytic fungal diversity from Dillenia indica L.
{"title":"– Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Dillenia indica L., an ethnomedicinal plant","authors":"IB Prasher, V. Kumar","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/35","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are an important source of novel bioactive molecules having broad applications in agriculture, pharmaceutical and medical industries. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Dillenia indica L. and characterized on the basis of morphological and molecular approaches. Twenty-five different endophytic fungi belonging to twenty genera i.e., Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Bipolaris crotonis, Fusarium oxysporum, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride, Clonostachys rosea, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Schizophyllum commune, Phomopsis sp., Colletotrichum gigasporum, Fomitopsis meliae, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Nigrospora sphaerica, Xylaria longipes, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus fumigatus, Colletotrichum musae and Colletotrichum boninense were isolated and identified from different parts (leaves, fruits and stems) of Dillenia indica. To the best of our knowledge, Colletotrichum gigasporum is being reported for the first time from northwestern India and this is the first report on endophytic fungal diversity from Dillenia indica L.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84312766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hrr Landingin, B. Francisco, R. Dulay, Sp Kalaw, R. Reyes
This work evaluated the mycochemical and proximate composition analysis of the fruiting body extracts of Cyclocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus cornucopiae in order to determine its nutraceutical and pharmacological potential. Extracts of the two exotic mushroom species were obtained using ethanol. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the extract were also investigated. Both C. cylindracea and P. cornucopiae contained essential oil, triterpenes, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, anthrones, fatty acids, alkaloids, steroids, sugars and coumarins. However, anthraquinones and flavonoids were not found in P. cornucopiae. In addition, C. cylindracea contains crude protein (13.5%), crude fat (1.52%), ash content (12.15%), moisture (10.68%), carbohydrates (62.15%) with 316.28 kcal energy value, and exhibits radical scavenging activity (40%) and total phenolic (41.08 mg GAE/g). On the other hand, P. cornucopiae had crude protein (11.98%), crude fat (1.32%), ash content (6.58%), moisture (9.07%), carbohydrates (71.05%) with 344 kcal energy value, and reveals radical scavenging activity (41.75% ) and total phenolic (39.63 mg GAE/g). Therefore, the two exotic species of mushrooms could be considered as healthy food source with pharmacological benefits.
{"title":"Mycochemical screening, proximate nutritive composition and radical scavenging activity of Cyclocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus cornucopiae","authors":"Hrr Landingin, B. Francisco, R. Dulay, Sp Kalaw, R. Reyes","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/3","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluated the mycochemical and proximate composition analysis of the fruiting body extracts of Cyclocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus cornucopiae in order to determine its nutraceutical and pharmacological potential. Extracts of the two exotic mushroom species were obtained using ethanol. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the extract were also investigated. Both C. cylindracea and P. cornucopiae contained essential oil, triterpenes, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, anthrones, fatty acids, alkaloids, steroids, sugars and coumarins. However, anthraquinones and flavonoids were not found in P. cornucopiae. In addition, C. cylindracea contains crude protein (13.5%), crude fat (1.52%), ash content (12.15%), moisture (10.68%), carbohydrates (62.15%) with 316.28 kcal energy value, and exhibits radical scavenging activity (40%) and total phenolic (41.08 mg GAE/g). On the other hand, P. cornucopiae had crude protein (11.98%), crude fat (1.32%), ash content (6.58%), moisture (9.07%), carbohydrates (71.05%) with 344 kcal energy value, and reveals radical scavenging activity (41.75% ) and total phenolic (39.63 mg GAE/g). Therefore, the two exotic species of mushrooms could be considered as healthy food source with pharmacological benefits.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89222769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Manasa, S. Moutusi, DC Mendez, P. Kiranmayee, M. Prasannakumar
The aim of the present work is to isolate, identify endophytic fungi from edible fruits and to test the efficacy on nosocomial microbes. Healthy and asymptomatic unripe and ripe fruits of Solanum violaceum were studied for the presence of endophytes. Twelve endophytic fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences. Screened the fungi for presence and absence of phytochemicals and enzymes; and antimicrobial activity of endophytes was studied by testing against human nosocomial pathogens. Diversity of fungal endophytes was more in ripe fruits as evidenced by diversity indices viz ., Simpson’s diversity (0.834) and Shannon– Weiner indices (H’- 0.474). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycoside, gum and mucilage. Isolates produced amylases (33.33%), lipases (58.32) and asparaginase (80%) but not laccase and protease enzymes. Alternaria sp, Cladosporium tenuissimum , Mycosphaerellaceae sp., Curvularia beasleyi and Alternaria alternata showed activity against S. aureus , E. coli and K. pneumoniae . Curvularia beasleyi exhibited similar antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis (20±2mm). Morphological changes of mycelia were noted after 96 h of treatment. To conclude, fungal endophytes might be potential agents for production of useful enzymes and to control microbes.
{"title":"Phytochemical distribution, antimicrobial activity, enzyme production of phylogenetically differentiated endophytes from Solanum violaceum Ortega fruits","authors":"Á. Manasa, S. Moutusi, DC Mendez, P. Kiranmayee, M. Prasannakumar","doi":"10.5943/cream/11/1/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/16","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work is to isolate, identify endophytic fungi from edible fruits and to test the efficacy on nosocomial microbes. Healthy and asymptomatic unripe and ripe fruits of Solanum violaceum were studied for the presence of endophytes. Twelve endophytic fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences. Screened the fungi for presence and absence of phytochemicals and enzymes; and antimicrobial activity of endophytes was studied by testing against human nosocomial pathogens. Diversity of fungal endophytes was more in ripe fruits as evidenced by diversity indices viz ., Simpson’s diversity (0.834) and Shannon– Weiner indices (H’- 0.474). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycoside, gum and mucilage. Isolates produced amylases (33.33%), lipases (58.32) and asparaginase (80%) but not laccase and protease enzymes. Alternaria sp, Cladosporium tenuissimum , Mycosphaerellaceae sp., Curvularia beasleyi and Alternaria alternata showed activity against S. aureus , E. coli and K. pneumoniae . Curvularia beasleyi exhibited similar antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis (20±2mm). Morphological changes of mycelia were noted after 96 h of treatment. To conclude, fungal endophytes might be potential agents for production of useful enzymes and to control microbes.","PeriodicalId":37611,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74624987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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