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Effect of moisture on symptom development and colonization of Fusarium species on maize leaves 水分对玉米叶片镰刀菌症状发展及定殖的影响
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/33
T-Thu Nguyen, U. Steiner, VQ Pham
Maize plants, fifteen-day old, were inoculated with three Fusarium species on the 4 mature leaf and 6 immature emerging leaf. The plants were grown under (1) 50-60% and (2) 80-90% relative humidity (RH). The symptoms of Fusarium were found on immature emerging leaves at high and low RH. Symptoms of F. graminearum occurred the fourth day after inoculation (DAI), followed by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum in the 7 and 8 DAI. The holes, necrotic lesion, streaks depended on which Fusarium species were involved. Humidity regimes had a significant effect on re-isolation frequency of leaves infected by F. verticillioides but did not influence by F. proliferatum and F. graminearum. The humidity regimes affected on DNA content of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum but there was no significant influence to F. verticillioides DNA. This study showed maize plants cultivated in dry or wet season may be affected by Fusarium species.
将3种镰刀菌分别接种于15日龄玉米植株的4片成熟叶片和6片未成熟初生叶片上。分别在(1)50 ~ 60%和(2)80 ~ 90%的相对湿度条件下生长。在高、低相对湿度条件下,在未成熟的出芽叶片上均发现镰刀菌病的症状。接种后第4天出现谷草假丝酵母菌的症状,第7天和第8天出现黄萎病假丝酵母菌和增生假丝酵母菌的症状。孔、坏死灶、条纹取决于所涉及的镰刀菌种类。湿度对黄萎病镰刀菌侵染叶片的再分离频率有显著影响,而对增殖镰刀菌和谷草镰刀菌侵染叶片的再分离频率无显著影响。不同湿度条件对谷草镰刀菌和增殖镰刀菌的DNA含量有影响,但对黄萎病镰刀菌的DNA含量无显著影响。本研究表明,旱季和雨季栽培的玉米植株都可能受到镰刀菌的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution and ecological niche modeling of a rare species Poronia punctata in Asia 亚洲稀有物种斑点Poronia的分布及生态位模拟
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/32
V. Vlasenko
The ability to identify the spatial distribution of rare fungal species is crucial for the understanding of the environmental factors that affect them and their conservation management. Maximum entropy spatial distribution modelling (MaxEnt) solves this problem by inferring species distributions and environmental tolerance based on the occurrence data. We constructed a map of the current and potential geographical distribution of the dung fungus Poronia punctata using this method. We included in the model 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables with the corresponding altitude data, and 23 spatially well-dispersed species occurrence records. We defined the regularities in spatial distribution of P. punctata based on the occurrence data, as well as bioclimatic characteristics in order to control species status in the natural environment. The majority of the locations of P. punctata in Asia are placed in the middle mountains. In addition to the presence of a suitable substrate and the habitat type, the geographical distribution of P. punctata depends on a set of environmental factors that are optimal for this species. Optimal climatic conditions for P. punctata in Asia are typical for steppe communities and steppe shrub thickets of intermontane depressions of Lakes Basins and lowlands between mountain ranges. All species habitats were associated to the vegetation type of steppe and forest-steppe. Locations within the boundaries of Temperate Coniferous and Boreal Forest occurred in the habitats affected by anthropogenic activity and grazing, subjected to steppe formation; these locations were confined to river valleys and lakes, which also brings them closer to the habitats of depressions and lowlands. The points of presence occurring in intermontane depressions and lowlands between mountain ranges represent the environment core of P. punctata range in Asia.
鉴定稀有真菌物种的空间分布对了解影响它们的环境因素及其保护管理至关重要。最大熵空间分布模型(MaxEnt)通过根据发生数据推断物种分布和环境容忍度来解决这一问题。我们用这种方法绘制了粪菌斑点Poronia现今和潜在的地理分布图。我们在模型中加入了19个具有相应海拔数据的WorldClim生物气候变量和23个空间分布良好的物种发生记录。为了控制物种在自然环境中的状态,我们根据发生资料和生物气候特征,定义了点状刺桐的空间分布规律。在亚洲,点状刺桐的大部分分布在中部山区。除了存在合适的基质和栖息地类型外,点状刺桐的地理分布还取决于对该物种最有利的一系列环境因素。亚洲的点刺青树的最佳气候条件是典型的草原群落和湖泊盆地的山间洼地和山脉之间的低地的草原灌木灌丛。所有物种的生境均与草原和森林草原的植被类型有关。温带针叶林和北方针叶林边界内的地点发生在受人为活动和放牧影响的生境中,受到草原形成的影响;这些地点仅限于河谷和湖泊,这也使它们更接近洼地和低地的栖息地。出现在山间洼地和山脉之间的低地的存在点代表了亚洲刺柳山脉的环境核心。
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引用次数: 1
Antioxidant activities of fungi inhabiting Ramalina peruviana: insights on the role of endolichenic fungi in the lichen symbiosis 内生真菌在地衣共生中的抗氧化活性研究
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/10
Mgm Galinato
– Antioxidant activities of fungi inhabiting Ramalina peruviana : insights on the role of endolichenic fungi in the lichen symbiosis. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) 11(1), 119–136, Abstract Apart from the fungal component (the mycobiont), other fungi reside inside lichens. Referred to as “lichen-associated fungi” or “endolichenic fungi” (ELF), these microorganisms have a poorly understood role in the lichen symbiosis. In this study, 11 morphoculturally-distinct ELF were isolated from the fruticose lichen Ramalina peruviana and identified as belonging to the genera Colletotrichum (1), Daldinia (3), Hypoxylon (1), Nemania (1), Nigrospora (1), and Xylaria (4). Each ELF was grown in two separate setups – submerged and solid-state fermentation – and were extracted with ethyl acetate for their secondary metabolites. Similarly, metabolites from the lichen host were also extracted. Among the 11 isolates, crude culture extracts of Nemania primolutea grown via the solid-state fermentation setup exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (RSA = 89.7%), followed by Colletotrichum eschscholtzii grown using similar fermentation type (RSA = 80%). In contrast, extracts of the lichen host exhibited a slightly lower RSA (= 45.89%). Results showed that endolichenic fungi exhibited antioxidant activities greater than the lichen host, and possibly contributes to the protection of the lichen symbiosis through the synthesis of antioxidant compounds.
-寄生在秘鲁苔藓中的真菌的抗氧化活性:关于内生真菌在地衣共生中的作用的见解。摘要地衣中除了真菌成分(mycobiont)外,还有其他真菌存在。这些微生物被称为“地衣相关真菌”或“内生真菌”(ELF),它们在地衣共生中的作用鲜为人知。在这项研究中,从水果地衣Ramalina peruviana中分离出11个形态不同的ELF,鉴定属于Colletotrichum (1), Daldinia (3), Hypoxylon (1), Nemania (1), Nigrospora(1)和Xylaria(4)。每个ELF分别在两个不同的环境中生长-水下和固态发酵-并用乙酸乙酯提取其次级代谢产物。同样,也提取了地衣寄主的代谢物。在11株分离物中,固态发酵条件下生长的Nemania primolutea粗培养提取物的自由基清除活性最高(RSA = 89.7%),相似发酵条件下生长的炭黑菌(Colletotrichum eschscholtzii)次之(RSA = 80%)。而地衣寄主提取物的RSA略低,为45.89%。结果表明,内生真菌的抗氧化活性高于地衣寄主,可能通过合成抗氧化化合物对地衣共生起到保护作用。
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引用次数: 2
Ethnomedicinal aspects of morels with special reference to Morchella esculenta (Guchhi) in Himachal Pradesh (India): A Review 印度喜马偕尔邦羊肚菌(Guchhi)的民族医学方面:综述
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/21
M. Thakur
Review. Abstract Medicinal mushrooms are macro fungi containing various bioactive compounds. Due to their deliciousness, aroma, and nutritional values, they are considered as a source of healthy functional food that is beneficial for body and improves health. These fungi have low-fat contents with a high amount of dietary fibers. Among morel mushrooms, Morchella esculenta (common name – Guchhi) is well known for its excellent taste and aroma, and health benefits, worldwide. Medicinal mushrooms have been used in traditional medicines for centuries. Health benefits of such mushrooms are related to the presence of active polysaccharides content. The polysaccharide-protein complex present in their extracts has various therapeutic applications to improve human health. These mushrooms have various antioxidants and anti-cancerous properties which are mainly due to the presence of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. These are also a good source of ascorbic acid and vitamin D. Local people use fruiting bodies of these mushrooms to treat various ailments such as stomach pain, pneumonia, respiratory problems, and wound healing. Due to their high price, they play an important role in the economy building of poor farmers in India. These mushrooms are also important from an ethnomedicinal and culinary point of view in various regions of India, especially in the state of Himachal Pradesh, for many years. This review highlights various medicinal, sociological aspects and traditional uses of medicinal mushrooms with special reference to the usage of morels in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
审查。药用蘑菇是一种含有多种生物活性化合物的大型真菌。由于其美味,香气和营养价值,它们被认为是有益身体和增进健康的健康功能食品的来源。这些真菌含有低脂肪和大量的膳食纤维。在羊肚菌中,羊肚菌(俗称Guchhi)以其优良的口感和香气以及对健康的益处而闻名于世。药用蘑菇在传统药物中使用了几个世纪。这种蘑菇的健康益处与活性多糖含量的存在有关。多糖蛋白复合物存在于他们的提取物有各种治疗应用,以改善人类健康。这些蘑菇具有各种抗氧化剂和抗癌特性,这主要是由于多糖和酚类化合物的存在。这些也是抗坏血酸和维生素d的良好来源。当地人用这些蘑菇的子实体来治疗各种疾病,如胃痛、肺炎、呼吸系统疾病和伤口愈合。由于它们的高价格,它们在印度贫困农民的经济建设中发挥了重要作用。从民族医药和烹饪的角度来看,这些蘑菇在印度的各个地区也很重要,特别是在喜马偕尔邦,多年来。这篇综述强调了药用蘑菇的各种医学、社会学方面和传统用途,特别提到了喜马偕尔邦的羊肠菌的使用。
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引用次数: 1
Absorption efficiency of Bromophenol Blue and Congo Red using King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) 王氏平菇对溴酚蓝和刚果红的吸收效率
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/22
Ycy Evyan, CK Michlyn, S. Vikneswary, MY Chong
King oyster mushroom or its scientific name Pleurotus eryngii is an edible mushroom and it is widely available at local market. The potential of the expired King oyster mushroom as an alternative low-cost material for the removal of textile dyes in industrial effluents is explored. Absorption technique is used to optimize and to evaluate the absorption of Bromophenol Blue and Congo Red by the King oyster mushroom. The outcome of this study concludes that the optimum parameters for the absorption of Bromophenol Blue are 5 hours, pH 5 and 10 g of King oyster mushroom. On the contrary, the optimum parameters for the absorption of Congo Red by King oyster mushroom are 5 hours, pH 3 and 12 g of King oyster mushroom. The performance is attained by using heated King oyster mushroom as it achieves high degree of hydration of 0.4 at 5 hours. The King oyster mushroom portrays higher absorption of Congo Red than Bromophenol Blue at optimum conditions.
王平菇(学名Pleurotus eryngii)是一种可食用的蘑菇,在当地市场上随处可见。探讨了过期王氏平菇作为工业废水中纺织染料的低成本替代材料的潜力。采用吸收法对王氏平菇对溴酚蓝和刚果红的吸收进行了优化和评价。本研究结果表明,溴酚蓝的最佳吸附时间为5小时,pH值为5,食用量为10 g。相反,王氏平菇对刚果红的最佳吸收时间为5 h, pH为3,用量为12 g。采用加热后的王氏平菇,5小时达到0.4的高水化度。在最佳条件下,王氏平菇对刚果红的吸收率高于溴酚蓝。
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引用次数: 0
One new species and two new records of Xylarialean fungi from Andaman Islands, India 标题印度安达曼群岛木耳门真菌一新种及二新记录
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/13
M. Niranjan
Information on the molecular diversity of the Xylarialean fungi from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is scarce. Xylarialean fungi are widely distributed in India, and studies revealed that two new records Hypomontagnella spongiphila and Nemania bipapillata , one new species Neoanthostomella samachedabeejae . In the phylogenetic tree generated by the ITS sequence, results were showing that three species good bootstrap support. In addition, the new species is compared with existing species in detail in the table. Microscopic and molecular studies support all these species. 82 unitunicate, apical long pedicel, smooth-walled. Ascospores 9.5–11 5–5.5 μm ( x̅ 11 × n = 25), 8-spored, hyaline to purple to brown at maturity, rarely overlapping, aseptate, straight germ slit with central globose guttulate, ellipsoid, inequilateral, obtuse end. Anamorph
关于安达曼和尼科巴群岛Xylarialean真菌分子多样性的信息很少。木耳类真菌在印度广泛分布,研究发现了2个新记录Hypomontagnella spongiphila和Nemania bipapillata, 1个新种Neoanthostomella samachedabeejae。在ITS序列生成的系统发育树中,有3个物种具有良好的自举支持。此外,新物种与现有物种在表中进行了详细的比较。微观和分子研究支持所有这些物种。单瓣,顶端长花梗,光滑壁。子囊孢子9.5-11 5-5.5 μm (x′11 × n = 25), 8孢子,成熟时透明至紫色至棕色,很少重叠,无孢子,芽裂直,中心球形管状,椭圆形,不等边,端钝。鉴定
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引用次数: 0
Fayodia gallaecicoloniana sp. nov. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), from Galicia, Spain
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/4
Jb Blanco-Dios
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引用次数: 0
Potential of herb crude extracts against Thai isolates of Fusarium wilt pathogens 中草药粗提物对泰国枯萎病病原菌分离株的拮抗潜力
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/11/1/37
C. Srihom, N. Boonyuen, N. Khewkhom, W. Leesutthiphonchai, S. Nuankaew, S. Suetrong, C. Chuaseeharonnachai, O. Piasai
Fusarium has damaged a wide host range and economically impacted on many important vegetables and plants in Thailand such as tomato. The goals of this study were to isolate and identify Fusarium spp. from local soil and plant diseased samples, and to study the efficacy of plant crude extracts against Fusarium for sustainable and environmentally friendly control. Forty-four Fusarium isolates from soil and diseased plants from selected agricultural fields in Thailand were characterized by using morphological and phylogenetical analyses. The isolates were assigned to clades with Fusarium reference isolates, and representative eight species were selected including F. chlamydosporum (3 isolates), F. decemcellulare (8), F. falciforme (2), F. incarnatum (7), F. longipes (4), F. proliferatum (3), F. solani (13) and F. verticillioides (4). In 7-day greenhouse experiments, all the Fusarium isolates were pathogenic to cucumber, chili pepper and tomato plants. Plant crude extracts from roselle, clove, turmeric and lemongrass were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit the mycelial growth of 8 representative isolates of Fusarium plant pathogens. Inhibition of all Fusarium isolates was observed at a concentration of 10 g L for both clove and roselle crudes, absolutely. Whilst turmeric crude extract could completely inhibit growth of F. decemcellulare, F. falciforme, F. incarnatum and F. verticillioide. However, lemongrass crude extract was a less potent, showing about 60-80% inhibition. The results indicated that these herb crude extracts deserve further study singly or in combination towards development of natural biofungicides for management of agricultural plant diseases caused by Fusarium.
镰刀菌危害范围广,对泰国番茄等重要蔬菜和植物造成经济影响。本研究旨在从当地土壤和植物病害样品中分离鉴定镰刀菌,并研究植物粗提物对镰刀菌的防治效果,为可持续和环境友好型防治提供依据。对泰国44株镰刀菌分离株进行了形态和系统发育分析。以镰刀菌为参考菌株,选取衣孢镰刀菌(3株)、十二细胞镰刀菌(8株)、镰状镰刀菌(2株)、incarnatum镰刀菌(7株)、longipes镰刀菌(4株)、增殖镰刀菌(3株)、solani镰刀菌(13株)、verticillioides镰刀菌(4株)等8株具有代表性的镰刀菌菌株,对黄瓜、辣椒和番茄均有致病性。研究了玫瑰茄、丁香、姜黄和柠檬草等植物粗提物对8株代表性植物镰刀菌病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。丁香和玫瑰精油浓度为10 g L时,对所有镰刀菌均有抑制作用。姜黄粗提物能完全抑制十二细胞F.、镰状F.、incarnatum F.和verticillioide F.的生长。然而,柠檬草粗提取物的抑制作用较弱,约为60-80%。结果表明,这些草本植物粗提物可单独或联合开发用于农业植物镰刀菌病防治的天然生物杀菌剂。
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引用次数: 0
World biota conservation vs fungal conservation practice 世界生物群保护与真菌保护实践
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5943/cream/12/1/17
M. Pasailiuk
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引用次数: 0
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Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology
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