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Is there a transnational trend of “nudging” away from the arts? How the selection device works in the European–Swedish context 是否有一种“轻推”远离艺术的跨国趋势?在欧洲-瑞典的背景下,选择机制是如何运作的
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2021.1903639
Jonathan Lilliedahl
Abstract This paper explores the declining trend of fine arts education in secondary schools. We examine mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon on structural levels of policymaking and policy implementation in different areas of the education system. What will be defined as the “selection device” refers to the structurally determined selection of educational content at various policy levels of society. We argue that the choices politicians, principals, students, and parents make are regulated by “nudging” as an underlying principle of the selective device. By presenting students with “rational choice” alternatives, they are gently pressuring them away from selecting arts courses. This redirection is discursively conveyed by schools, but systematically governed by national and international guidelines in which the fine arts have a relatively low status. The declining legitimacy of arts subjects in secondary education can thus be seen as an outcome of policies embedded in the education system. By manipulating the features of the selection device, the transnational movement of the New Right exerts control over educational policy.
摘要本文探讨了中学美术教育的衰落趋势。我们在教育系统不同领域的政策制定和政策执行的结构层面上研究了可能解释这一现象的机制。将被定义为“选择装置”的是指社会各个政策层面对教育内容的结构性选择。我们认为,政治家、校长、学生和家长所做的选择是由“轻推”作为选择性手段的基本原则来监管的。通过向学生提供“理性选择”的替代方案,他们温和地迫使他们不要选择艺术课程。这种重定向是由学校随意传达的,但受到国家和国际指导方针的系统管理,在这些指导方针中,美术的地位相对较低。因此,中等教育中艺术科目合法性的下降可以被视为教育系统中嵌入的政策的结果。新右派的跨国运动通过操纵选择装置的特征,对教育政策施加控制。
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引用次数: 4
Standards-based assessment for secondary choral ensembles: a framework to document student learning 中学合唱的标准评估:记录学生学习的框架
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2021.1877229
M. Myers
Abstract Though one of the first disciplines to incorporate national standards in its curricula, the field of music education has not traditionally shown much consistency in its assessments, with disparities in priorities on both local and national levels. Schools often allow teachers the freedom to cover whichever content standards they choose, whether those benchmarks come from the district, state, or national level. Though secondary choral teachers may express freedom and creativity through the repertoire they program for their choirs, they can ensure that all students gain similar skills and training by incorporating a variety of standards-based assessment strategies in their performance ensembles. As choral music educators seek to improve the level of musical artistry and growth in their classrooms, they should incorporate structured individualized assessments which address all eleven of the National Core Arts Standards in order to guide teaching and learning of a wide variety of musical and academic skills and improve documentation of learning for communication with students, families, and administration.
摘要尽管音乐教育是最早将国家标准纳入课程的学科之一,但传统上,音乐教育领域的评估并不一致,地方和国家层面的优先事项存在差异。学校通常允许教师自由涵盖他们选择的任何内容标准,无论这些基准来自地区、州还是国家层面。尽管中学合唱教师可以通过他们为合唱团编排的曲目来表达自由和创造力,但他们可以通过在表演合奏中纳入各种基于标准的评估策略,确保所有学生都能获得类似的技能和培训。当合唱音乐教育工作者寻求提高课堂上的音乐艺术水平和成长水平时,他们应该纳入符合所有11项国家核心艺术标准的结构化个性化评估,以指导各种音乐和学术技能的教学,并改进与学生、家庭、,以及行政管理。
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引用次数: 1
When questions are our best answers: responding to the impact of COVID-19 on community-based arts education organizations: a special issue of Arts Education Policy Review 当问题是我们的最佳答案时:应对新冠肺炎对社区艺术教育组织的影响:艺术教育政策评论特刊
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844833
D. Wolf, J. Poulin
Abstract The details of the COVID-19 global pandemic were the lockdowns, face masks, and video conferences, but the full burden of the pandemic included facing the profound inequities in civic, health, education, and other policies that multiplied the effects of the disease. Between March and September 2020, these effects hit the world of community-based arts organizations broadside, stifling the creative activity for young people across the world. Even as youth-centered arts organizations sought to sustain programs of creative skill building, inquiry, and expression with positive youth development principles, they became food pantries, hot spots, and curbside sources of legal advice and financial aid for struggling families. In making that transition, old habits and assumptions have given way to fundamental questions about the definitions of art, arts education, community, leadership, funding, and policy. This introduction summarizes articles that redefine policy as spanning from individual teaching artist practice to municipal and national procedures. Together, they raise basic questions about the new kinds of organizations and practices that could emerge from the crises of early 2020 – given the will to seize the insights of the pandemic.
COVID-19全球大流行的细节是封锁、口罩和视频会议,但大流行的全部负担包括面临公民、卫生、教育和其他政策方面的严重不平等,这些政策使疾病的影响成倍增加。在2020年3月至9月期间,这些影响严重影响了社区艺术组织的世界,扼杀了世界各地年轻人的创意活动。即使以青年为中心的艺术组织试图以积极的青年发展原则来维持创造性技能建设、探究和表达的项目,它们也成为了食品储藏室、热点、以及为挣扎中的家庭提供法律咨询和经济援助的路边资源。在这种转变中,旧的习惯和假设已经让位于关于艺术、艺术教育、社区、领导力、资金和政策的定义的基本问题。本引言总结了将政策重新定义为从个人教学艺术家实践到市政和国家程序的文章。它们共同提出了关于2020年初危机中可能出现的新型组织和做法的基本问题——考虑到抓住大流行的洞察力的意愿。
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引用次数: 0
In the face of the unprecedented: creative youth development guides organizations to adapt, support, and thrive 面对前所未有的挑战:创造性青年发展引导组织适应、支持和发展
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844835
Rodrigo Guerrero
Abstract This article examines how important an explicit mission and values framework can be for community-based arts education organizations in times of crises. This argument draws on interview data from early and later points in the COVID-19 pandemic with three community-based arts organizations whose work is deeply rooted in creative youth development (CYD) principles: Enriching Lives through Music in San Rafael, CA, Elevated Thought in Lawrence, MA, and Austin Sound Waves in Austin, TX. While the organizations represent different geographies, art forms, and approaches, each has depended on CYD’s core set of values to guide its rapidly evolving efforts during the first six months of the pandemic. Moreover, as each organization has listened and worked with young people in new ways, that work expanded and deepened the original CYD framework. But even as these organizations prevail, all three cases also reveal the fundamental vulnerability of community-based arts education and the kinds of recognition and civic supports needed to ensure that such work thrives.
摘要本文探讨了在危机时期,明确的使命和价值观框架对社区艺术教育组织的重要性。这一论点借鉴了新冠肺炎疫情早期和后期对三个社区艺术组织的采访数据,这些组织的工作深深植根于青年创意发展(CYD)原则:加利福尼亚州圣拉斐尔的音乐丰富生活、马萨诸塞州劳伦斯的提升思想和德克萨斯州奥斯汀的奥斯汀声波,在疫情的前六个月,艺术形式和方法都依赖于青年发展中心的核心价值观来指导其快速发展的努力。此外,由于每个组织都以新的方式听取年轻人的意见并与他们合作,这项工作扩大和深化了青年发展中心的原始框架。但即使这些组织占了上风,这三个案例也揭示了社区艺术教育的根本脆弱性,以及确保此类工作蓬勃发展所需的认可和公民支持。
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引用次数: 2
Did consequential accountability policies decrease the share of visual and performing arts education in U.S. public secondary schools during the No Child Left Behind era? 在“不让一个孩子掉队”时代,相应的问责政策是否减少了美国公立中学视觉和表演艺术教育的份额?
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1854911
Taylor V. Gara, G. Farkas, Liane Brouillette
Abstract It has been asserted that the test-based accountability of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) increased instruction in tested subject areas reading and math, leading to reductions in arts education. We tested this using two waves of data, before and after NCLB implementation, in a difference-in-differences design. The analyses indicated that the total teacher workforce increased substantially during this time period, while the percentage of reading and math educators remained constant, leading to an overall increase in the teacher corps for these subjects. In contrast, the percentage of music and visual arts educators decreased during this period, leading to a decrease in their numbers. Average subject-specific teaching loads increased across all of these subjects. The result was substantial increases in the number of reading and math courses taught, combined with overall stability in the number of arts courses. However, comparisons across states with varying implementation of test-based school accountability prior to NCLB failed to show a relationship between such accountability and changes in the percentages and teaching loads of reading, math, and arts educators. Thus, at least in terms of cross-state comparisons, changes in these outcomes cannot be attributed to state-specific changes in accountability brought on by the introduction of NCLB.
摘要有人断言,“不让一个孩子掉队”(NCLB)基于测试的问责制增加了测试科目领域的阅读和数学教学,导致艺术教育的减少。在差异设计中,我们使用NCLB实现前后的两波数据对此进行了测试。分析表明,在此期间,教师队伍总量大幅增加,而阅读和数学教育工作者的比例保持不变,导致这些科目的教师队伍总体增加。相比之下,音乐和视觉艺术教育工作者的比例在这一时期有所下降,导致他们的人数减少。在所有这些科目中,特定科目的平均教学负荷都有所增加。结果是,阅读和数学课程的数量大幅增加,艺术课程的数量总体稳定。然而,在NCLB之前,各州对不同实施基于考试的学校问责制的情况进行比较,未能表明这种问责制与阅读、数学和艺术教育工作者的百分比和教学负荷的变化之间的关系。因此,至少在跨州比较方面,这些结果的变化不能归因于NCLB的引入带来的各州问责制的变化。
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引用次数: 3
Dancing toward the light in the dark: COVID-19 changes and reflections on normal from Australia, Ireland and Mexico 在黑暗中向光明跳舞:来自澳大利亚、爱尔兰和墨西哥的新冠肺炎变化和对正常的思考
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844836
R. Jacobs, Michael Finneran, Tere Quintanilla D’Acosta
Abstract 2020 has been marked by disruption on a global scale due to a range of compounding crises including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Many community arts responses to the pandemic originated from individuals rather than by means of concerted or sustained sectoral responses. This paper uses reflections from Ireland, Australia, and Mexico to discuss the precariousness and vulnerability of the community arts sector and the artists and educators within it at this profoundly difficult time. We reflect upon some of the artistic and educational innovations and experimentations that have come about. We simultaneously examine the work of artists and arts organizations on a paradigmatic level by reflecting upon the role we play in perhaps involuntarily sustaining inequalities despite articulating a desire for change in the work that we do. We argue for the community arts sector to draw upon its imagination and bravery to reflect, assume responsibility, and recast the world into what we want it to be, rather than rebuilding the old, broken one in an attempt to return to what is perceived to be normal. Finally, in turning to arts education policy, we interrogate the barriers and enablers of change in the arts in a post-COVID world, discussing the influencing policy factors of sectoral weaknesses; individual resourcefulness and resilience; the desire for revolution; and the importance of love.
由于包括正在进行的COVID-19大流行在内的一系列复杂危机,2020年在全球范围内受到了破坏。许多社区艺术对大流行病的反应来自个人,而不是通过协调一致或持续的部门反应。本文利用爱尔兰、澳大利亚和墨西哥的反思来讨论社区艺术部门以及其中的艺术家和教育工作者在这个极其困难的时期的不稳定性和脆弱性。我们反思了一些已经出现的艺术和教育创新和实验。我们同时审视艺术家和艺术组织的工作,通过反思我们在可能不自觉地维持不平等中所扮演的角色,尽管我们在工作中表达了改变的愿望。我们主张社区艺术界应发挥想象力和勇气,反思、承担责任,将世界重塑为我们想要的样子,而不是重建旧的、破碎的世界,试图回归到我们认为的正常状态。最后,在转向艺术教育政策时,我们询问了后covid世界中艺术变革的障碍和推动因素,讨论了部门弱点的影响政策因素;个人足智多谋和应变能力;革命的欲望;以及爱的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
Promising practices in music teaching and learning: practical recommendations and policies across cultures 音乐教学中有前途的实践:跨文化的实用建议和政策
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844831
M. Susino
Abstract Music Education is changing rapidly worldwide. What effective and promising practices in music teaching and learning are available and can be cross-culturally applied? Using Finland as a case study, this exploratory research highlights promising current endeavors in primary and secondary school music education. In light of these undertakings, data were collected from interviews with students and teachers in Australia and England (N = 25) to investigate if these practices would be considered promising in both Australia and England. The results revealed four key areas of promising music teaching and learning: (1) Allocated Time for Music Teaching and Learning; (2) Teacher Training and Expertise; (3) A Diverse, Collaborative and Interdisciplinary Curriculum, and; (4) Transition to Tertiary Education. A number of practical recommendations are proposed and their pedagogical significance discussed.
摘要音乐教育在世界范围内变化迅速。在音乐教学中有哪些有效且有前景的做法可以跨文化应用?以芬兰为例,这项探索性研究突出了当前中小学音乐教育的发展前景。鉴于这些承诺,数据是从对澳大利亚和英国学生和教师的采访中收集的(N = 25)调查这些做法是否在澳大利亚和英国都有前景。研究结果揭示了音乐教学的四个关键领域:(1)音乐教学时间分配;(2) 教师培训和专业知识;(3) 多样化、协作性和跨学科的课程,以及;(4) 向高等教育过渡。提出了一些实用的建议,并讨论了它们的教学意义。
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引用次数: 1
Responding to crises: constructing a response through organizational change 应对危机:通过组织变革构建应对措施
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844832
J. Poulin
Abstract As the COVID-19 crisis exposed inequities in civic, funding, and programmatic policies – often grounded in systemic oppression and White Supremacy – community based, youth-focused organizations, such as Creative Youth Development (CYD) programs, were catapulted into unplanned changes in order to survive. In this tumultuous environment, organizations had to struggle, innovate, and revolutionize their practices, oftentimes without being able to properly reflect or predict consequences. This paper explores what the pandemic and its unspooling consequences are teaching us about what we need in a framework for thinking about organizational change and adaptation in times of crisis. Specifically, the author discusses how earlier frameworks need to expand to include: organizational development, distributed leadership, and growth mindset. The article concludes with a set of provocations derived from community-based conversations with organizational leaders as they innovated their practices in the difficult months of March and April 2020.
随着2019冠状病毒肺炎危机暴露出公民、资金和项目政策方面的不平等——这些政策往往以系统性压迫和白人至上主义为基础——以社区为基础、以青年为重点的组织,如创意青年发展(CYD)项目,为了生存而陷入了计划外的变革。在这个混乱的环境中,组织不得不斗争、创新和革新他们的实践,常常不能正确地反映或预测结果。本文探讨了大流行及其蔓延的后果教给我们的东西,即我们需要一个框架来思考危机时期的组织变革和适应。具体来说,作者讨论了早期的框架需要如何扩展,以包括:组织发展、分布式领导和成长心态。文章最后提出了一系列挑衅,这些挑衅来自于与组织领导人的社区对话,因为他们在2020年3月和4月的艰难月份创新了他们的做法。
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引用次数: 4
Re-imagining personal and organizational policies as sources of radical change: perspectives from a teaching artist, organization, and city 重新想象个人和组织政策作为激进变革的来源:来自教学艺术家、组织和城市的视角
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844834
T. LaPadula, J. Miles, Olisa “Spyc-E” Enrico
Abstract As Seattle and the United States grapple with COVID-19, police brutality, and racial inequity, a teaching artist, a leader from a youth-focused cultural organization, and a representative from a city agency each explain, from their unique perspective, why teaching artists are essential workers. They also explore the local arts/culture, education, and public policies which can and should shift to ensure teaching artists are best supported in performing their necessary work with the community’s young people. Ultimately, they conclude that teaching artists are essential partners for students and communities in navigating this health and social crisis.
摘要在西雅图和美国与新冠肺炎、警察暴行和种族不平等作斗争之际,一位教学艺术家、一位年轻文化组织的领导人和一位城市机构的代表分别从各自独特的角度解释了为什么教学艺术家是必不可少的工作者。他们还探讨了当地的艺术/文化、教育和公共政策,这些政策可以也应该转变,以确保教学艺术家在与社区年轻人一起进行必要的工作时得到最好的支持。最终,他们得出结论,教学艺术家是学生和社区应对这场健康和社会危机的重要合作伙伴。
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引用次数: 2
Gaps in the training of arts teachers: old challenges and problems in Brazilian education 艺术教师培训的差距:巴西教育中的旧挑战和问题
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/10632913.2020.1844830
Gustavo Cunha de Araújo, Irany Ferreira Lima
Abstract This study’s main objective is to problematize the work of a school in the teaching of arts, using the context of Brazilian artistic education. The qualitative, descriptive, documentative, and bibliographical research can be characterized as a case study. Given the known value of the arts in students’ overall education, we propose formative actions designed to prepare professionals in the field to teach the arts, although we recognize that actions exclusively aimed at professional training do not guarantee institutional support of art classes. Finally, we consider the urgent need to formulate public policies that enable the implementation of didactic actions and financial investments in teacher training, which may offer more suitable teaching opportunities and provide quality teaching.
摘要本研究的主要目的是利用巴西艺术教育的背景,对一所学校在艺术教学中的工作提出问题。定性的、描述性的、文献性的和文献学的研究可以被描述为一个案例研究。鉴于艺术在学生整体教育中的已知价值,我们提出了旨在培养该领域专业人士教授艺术的形成性行动,尽管我们认识到,专门针对专业培训的行动并不能保证艺术课程得到机构支持。最后,我们认为迫切需要制定公共政策,以便在教师培训方面实施教学行动和财政投资,从而提供更合适的教学机会,提供高质量的教学。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Arts Education Policy Review
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