Law, Innovation and Technology最新文献

英文中文

A legal framework for AI training data—from first principles to the Artificial Intelligence Act 人工智能训练数据的法律框架——从第一原则到《人工智能法》

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1977219

P. Hacker

ABSTRACT In response to recent regulatory initiatives at the EU level, this article shows that training data for AI do not only play a key role in the development of AI applications, but are currently only inadequately captured by EU law. In this, I focus on three central risks of AI training data: risks of data quality, discrimination and innovation. Existing EU law, with the new copyright exception for text and data mining, only addresses a part of this risk profile adequately. Therefore, the article develops the foundations for a discrimination-sensitive quality regime for data sets and AI training, which emancipates itself from the controversial question of the applicability of data protection law to AI training data. Furthermore, it spells out concrete guidelines for the re-use of personal data for AI training purposes under the GDPR. Ultimately, the legislative and interpretive task rests in striking an appropriate balance between individual protection and the promotion of innovation. The article finishes with an assessment of the proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act in this respect.

摘要针对欧盟层面最近的监管举措，本文表明，人工智能的培训数据不仅在人工智能应用程序的开发中发挥着关键作用，而且目前欧盟法律还没有充分涵盖这些数据。在这篇文章中，我重点讨论了人工智能训练数据的三个核心风险：数据质量风险、歧视风险和创新风险。现有的欧盟法律，除了文本和数据挖掘的新版权例外，只充分解决了这一风险状况的一部分。因此，本文为数据集和人工智能训练的歧视敏感质量制度奠定了基础，该制度将自己从数据保护法适用于人工智能训练数据的争议问题中解放出来。此外，它还规定了GDPR下用于人工智能培训目的的个人数据重复使用的具体指南。归根结底，立法和解释的任务在于在个人保护和促进创新之间取得适当的平衡。文章最后对这方面的《人工智能法》提案进行了评估。

引用次数: 15

Flexible regulation for dynamic products? The case of applying principles-based regulation to medical products using artificial intelligence 灵活监管动态产品?将基于原则的监管应用于使用人工智能的医疗产品的案例

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2022.2113665

W. Johnson

ABSTRACT Emerging technologies including artificial intelligence (AI) enable novel products to have dynamic and even self-modifying designs, challenging approval-based products regulation. This article uses a proposed framework by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to explore how flexible regulatory tools, specifically principles-based regulation, could be used to manage ‘dynamic’ products. It examines the appropriateness of principles-based approaches for managing the complexity and fragmentation found in the setting of dynamic products in terms of regulatory capacity and accountability, balancing flexibility and predictability, and the role of third parties. The article concludes that successfully deploying principles-based regulation for dynamic products will require taking serious lessons from the global financial crisis on managing complexity and fragmentation while placing equity at the centre of the framework.

摘要：包括人工智能（AI）在内的新兴技术使新产品能够进行动态甚至自我修改的设计，这对基于审批的产品监管提出了挑战。本文使用美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）提出的框架，探讨如何使用灵活的监管工具，特别是基于原则的监管，来管理“动态”产品。它从监管能力和问责制、平衡灵活性和可预测性以及第三方的作用等方面审查了基于原则的方法在管理动态产品设置中发现的复杂性和分散性方面的适当性。文章的结论是，成功地为动态产品部署基于原则的监管，需要从全球金融危机中汲取管理复杂性和碎片化的重要经验教训，同时将公平置于框架的中心。

引用次数: 0

Beyond categorisation: refining the relationship between subjects and objects in health research regulation. 超越分类:细化卫生研究监管中主体和客体之间的关系。

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-03-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898314

Catriona McMillan, Edward Dove, Graeme Laurie, Emily Postan, Nayha Sethi, Annie Sorbie

In this article, we argue that the relationship between 'subject' and 'object' is poorly understood in health research regulation (HRR), and that it is a fallacy to suppose that they can operate in separate, fixed silos. By seeking to perpetuate this fallacy, HRR risks, among other things, objectifying persons by paying insufficient attention to human subjectivity, and the experiences and interests related to being involved in research. We deploy the anthropological concept of liminality - concerned with processes of transformation and change over time - to emphasise the enduring connectedness between subject and object in these contexts. By these means, we posit that regulatory frameworks based on processual regulation can better recognise and encompass the fluidity and significance of these relationships, and so ground more securely the moral legitimacy and social licence for human health research.

在这篇文章中，我们认为，在卫生研究监管(HRR)中，“主体”和“客体”之间的关系理解得很差，并且假设它们可以在单独的、固定的筒仓中运作是一种谬误。为了使这一谬论永久化，人权高专率除其他外，由于对人的主体性以及与参与研究有关的经验和利益重视不足，有将人客观化的风险。我们运用人类学的阈限概念——关注随着时间的变化和转变的过程——来强调在这些背景下主体和客体之间持久的联系。通过这些手段，我们假设基于程序监管的监管框架可以更好地识别和包含这些关系的流动性和重要性，从而更安全地为人类健康研究奠定道德合法性和社会许可。

引用次数: 2

From a ‘race to AI’ to a ‘race to AI regulation’: regulatory competition for artificial intelligence 从“人工智能竞赛”到“人工智能监管竞赛”：人工智能的监管竞争

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898300

Nathalie A. Smuha

ABSTRACT Against a background of global competition to seize the opportunities promised by Artificial Intelligence (AI), many countries and regions are explicitly taking part in a ‘race to AI’. Yet the increased visibility of the technology’s risks has led to ever-louder calls for regulators to look beyond the benefits, and also secure appropriate regulation to ensure AI that is ‘trustworthy’ – i.e. legal, ethical and robust. Besides minimising risks, such regulation could facilitate AI’s uptake, boost legal certainty, and hence also contribute to advancing countries’ position in the race. Consequently, this paper argues that the ‘race to AI’ also brings forth a ‘race to AI regulation’. After discussing the regulatory toolbox for AI and some of the challenges that regulators face when making use thereof, this paper assesses to which extent regulatory competition for AI – or its counterpart, regulatory convergence – is a possibility, a reality and a desirability.

在全球竞相抓住人工智能(AI)带来的机遇的背景下，许多国家和地区都明确地参与了“人工智能竞赛”。然而，随着技术风险的日益可见，要求监管机构超越利益的呼声越来越高，同时也要确保适当的监管，以确保人工智能“值得信赖”——即合法、道德和强大。除了将风险降至最低之外，此类监管还可以促进人工智能的应用，提高法律确定性，从而有助于提高各国在竞争中的地位。因此，本文认为，“人工智能竞赛”也带来了“人工智能监管竞赛”。在讨论了人工智能的监管工具箱以及监管机构在使用这些工具箱时面临的一些挑战之后，本文评估了人工智能的监管竞争——或其对应物——监管趋同——在多大程度上是一种可能性、现实和可取性。

引用次数: 48

The dark side of the ‘Moral Machine’ and the fallacy of computational ethical decision-making for autonomous vehicles “道德机器”的黑暗面和自动驾驶汽车计算伦理决策的谬误

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898310

H. Etienne

ABSTRACT This paper reveals the dangers of the Moral Machine experiment, alerting against both its uses for normative ends, and the whole approach it is built upon to address ethical issues. It explores additional methodological limits of the experiment on top of those already identified by its authors and provides reasons why it is inadequate in supporting ethical and juridical discussions to determine the moral settings for autonomous vehicles. Demonstrating the inner fallacy behind computational social choice methods when applied to ethical decision-making, it also warns against the dangers of computational moral systems, such as the ‘voting-based system’ recently developed out of the Moral Machine’s data. Finally, it discusses the Moral Machine’s ambiguous impact on public opinion; on the one hand, laudable for having successfully raised global awareness with regard to ethical concerns about autonomous vehicles, and on the other hand pernicious, as it has led to a significant narrowing of the spectrum of autonomous vehicle ethics, de facto imposing a strong unidirectional approach, while brushing aside other major moral issues.

本文揭示了道德机器实验的危险，提醒人们反对它用于规范目的，以及它所建立的解决伦理问题的整个方法。除了作者已经确定的限制之外，它还探讨了实验的其他方法限制，并提供了为什么它不足以支持伦理和司法讨论来确定自动驾驶汽车的道德设置的原因。当应用于道德决策时，它展示了计算社会选择方法背后的内在谬误，同时也警告了计算道德系统的危险，比如最近从道德机器的数据中开发出来的“基于投票的系统”。最后，讨论了道德机器对公众舆论的模糊影响;一方面，它成功地提高了全球对自动驾驶汽车伦理问题的认识，值得称赞;另一方面，它是有害的，因为它导致了自动驾驶汽车伦理范围的显著缩小，实际上强加了一种强有力的单向方法，同时忽视了其他主要的道德问题。

{"title":"The dark side of the ‘Moral Machine’ and the fallacy of computational ethical decision-making for autonomous vehicles","authors":"H. Etienne","doi":"10.1080/17579961.2021.1898310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reveals the dangers of the Moral Machine experiment, alerting against both its uses for normative ends, and the whole approach it is built upon to address ethical issues. It explores additional methodological limits of the experiment on top of those already identified by its authors and provides reasons why it is inadequate in supporting ethical and juridical discussions to determine the moral settings for autonomous vehicles. Demonstrating the inner fallacy behind computational social choice methods when applied to ethical decision-making, it also warns against the dangers of computational moral systems, such as the ‘voting-based system’ recently developed out of the Moral Machine’s data. Finally, it discusses the Moral Machine’s ambiguous impact on public opinion; on the one hand, laudable for having successfully raised global awareness with regard to ethical concerns about autonomous vehicles, and on the other hand pernicious, as it has led to a significant narrowing of the spectrum of autonomous vehicle ethics, de facto imposing a strong unidirectional approach, while brushing aside other major moral issues.","PeriodicalId":37639,"journal":{"name":"Law, Innovation and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"85 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46722537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

On the question of collective liability in innovation and creativity networks deploying blockchains–A discussion concerning joint liability for the unauthorised application of proprietary information 关于区块链部署的创新和创意网络的集体责任问题——关于未经授权应用专有信息的连带责任的讨论

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898313

M. Abdussalam, Kayne Menezes

ABSTRACT As legal and business interests continue to arise concerning the deployment of blockchains to different use cases, concerns have equally followed as to how legal liability would attach to participants within blockchain networks. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion concerning the attribution of joint legal liability to nodes within blockchain-based networks. It argues that there should be no broad-brush legal rule governing the issue and that it is the modus operandi of each network that should be determinative of the applicable standard of legal liability in every situation. This paper adopts the use case of innovation and creativity networks to advance the argument that individual liability, as a standard, may in some cases be superior to and more socially beneficial than the use of joint legal liability.

摘要随着区块链部署到不同用例的法律和商业利益不断增加，人们同样关注区块链网络中参与者的法律责任。本文旨在为基于区块链的网络中节点的连带法律责任归属问题的讨论做出贡献。它认为，不应该有笼统的法律规则来管理这个问题，每个网络的运作方式应该决定在每种情况下适用的法律责任标准。本文采用创新和创造力网络的使用案例来提出这样的论点，即个人责任作为一种标准，在某些情况下可能优于共同法律责任的使用，并且更具社会效益。

引用次数: 1

The intellectual property road to the knowledge economy: remarks on the readiness of the UAE Copyright Act to drive AI innovation 知识经济的知识产权之路:评论阿联酋版权法推动人工智能创新的准备

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898312

S. Al-Sharieh

ABSTRACT Copyright law in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has the capacity to address the challenges associated with artificial intelligence (AI)-generated literary, artistic and scientific works. Under UAE copyright law, AI-generated works may qualify as copyright subject matter despite the non-human nature of both the expressions and the innovative character they embody. Also, users of the AI systems generating works may qualify as the authors of these works and, in most cases, bear the responsibility for their copyright infringing activities. These conclusions rely on: (1) the premise that the notions of ‘work’ and ‘author’ for the purpose of copyright law are legal constructs, impacted by both socio-economic and technological factors; (2) the wording of the UAE Copyright Act, reflecting an underlying reconciliation between the economic and moral dimensions of copyright; (3) the potential utility of the UAE Copyright Act’s notion of ‘collective works’, which echoes the work-for-hire doctrine in other national copyright laws; and (4) the overarching knowledge economy-oriented policy in the UAE.

摘要阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）的版权法有能力应对人工智能产生的文学、艺术和科学作品带来的挑战。根据阿联酋版权法，人工智能生成的作品可能符合版权主题，尽管其表达方式和创新特征都是非人性的。此外，生成作品的人工智能系统的用户可能有资格成为这些作品的作者，并且在大多数情况下，对其侵犯版权的活动承担责任。这些结论依赖于：（1）版权法中“作品”和“作者”的概念是受社会经济和技术因素影响的法律结构的前提；（2）《阿联酋版权法》的措辞，反映了版权的经济和道德层面之间的潜在和解；（3）《阿联酋版权法》“集体作品”概念的潜在效用，该概念与其他国家版权法中的雇佣作品原则相呼应；以及（4）阿联酋以知识经济为导向的总体政策。

{"title":"The intellectual property road to the knowledge economy: remarks on the readiness of the UAE Copyright Act to drive AI innovation","authors":"S. Al-Sharieh","doi":"10.1080/17579961.2021.1898312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898312","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Copyright law in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has the capacity to address the challenges associated with artificial intelligence (AI)-generated literary, artistic and scientific works. Under UAE copyright law, AI-generated works may qualify as copyright subject matter despite the non-human nature of both the expressions and the innovative character they embody. Also, users of the AI systems generating works may qualify as the authors of these works and, in most cases, bear the responsibility for their copyright infringing activities. These conclusions rely on: (1) the premise that the notions of ‘work’ and ‘author’ for the purpose of copyright law are legal constructs, impacted by both socio-economic and technological factors; (2) the wording of the UAE Copyright Act, reflecting an underlying reconciliation between the economic and moral dimensions of copyright; (3) the potential utility of the UAE Copyright Act’s notion of ‘collective works’, which echoes the work-for-hire doctrine in other national copyright laws; and (4) the overarching knowledge economy-oriented policy in the UAE.","PeriodicalId":37639,"journal":{"name":"Law, Innovation and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"141 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Law, innovation and technology: fast forward to 2021 法律、创新和技术:快进到2021年

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898298

R. Brownsword, H. Somsen

ABSTRACT This article, introducing a new extended form of the journal, offers some reflections on the changing context in which we now research law, innovation, and technology. Three major changes are highlighted: the evolving landscape of Law 3.0, potentially de-centring both rules and humans from the legal enterprise; the new ‘normal’ of life with pandemics, underlining the vulnerability of humans; and, threading through all of this, the Anthropocene, destabilising a host of baseline distinctions, and a constant warning about the fragility of the global commons and the human condition. In this changing context, the question is whether technology can provide the solutions to our global challenges without involving an irreversible erosion of human agency. With this, we open the floor to our contributors.

本文介绍了该期刊的一种新的扩展形式，并对我们现在研究法律、创新和技术的环境变化提出了一些思考。报告强调了三个主要变化:法律3.0不断演变的格局，可能会使规则和人从法律企业中分离出来;流行病带来的新“常态”生活，凸显了人类的脆弱性;贯穿这一切的是人类世(Anthropocene)，它破坏了一系列基线差异的稳定，并不断警告人们全球公域和人类状况的脆弱性。在这种不断变化的背景下，问题是技术能否在不涉及对人类能动性不可逆转的侵蚀的情况下，为我们的全球挑战提供解决方案。在此，我们请各位嘉宾发言。

引用次数: 4

Regulating cell-cultured animal material for food systems transformation: current approaches and future directions 调节细胞培养的动物材料用于食物系统转化：目前的方法和未来的方向

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898311

Hope Johnson

ABSTRACT Proponents and developers of cell-cultured animal material (i.e. lab-grown meat) vest the innovation with the capacity to transform food systems by replacing, or significantly reducing, intensive use of animals in food systems. This article argues that cell-cultured animal material reflects lock-in to the incumbent, productivist regime for agricultural innovation. First, the article positions cell-cultured animal material as broadly consistent with the paradigm underlying intensive animal agriculture and related innovations. Secondly, it 2 explores how intellectual property has become the regulation-by-default of cell-cultured animal material reinforcing well-known limits of intellectual property rights to transform agricultural systems. Thirdly, it considers the broader regulatory context for cell-cultured animal material. The article shows how the claims by proponents and the responses from incumbent industry actors have narrowed regulatory responses preventing regulators from engaging with deeper questions about, and pathways for, food systems transformation; and, it concludes by briefly considering an alternate regulatory approach to cell-cultured animal material.

摘要细胞培养动物材料（即实验室培育的肉类）的支持者和开发人员赋予这项创新以通过取代或显著减少动物在食品系统中的密集使用来改变食品系统的能力。本文认为，细胞培养的动物材料反映了对农业创新现行生产力制度的锁定。首先，文章将细胞培养的动物材料定位为与集约动物农业和相关创新的范式大致一致。其次，它2探讨了知识产权如何成为细胞培养动物材料的默认监管，强化了众所周知的知识产权限制，以改变农业系统。第三，它考虑了细胞培养动物材料的更广泛的监管背景。这篇文章展示了支持者的主张和现任行业行为者的回应如何缩小了监管回应的范围，阻止了监管机构参与有关食品系统转型的更深层次的问题和途径；最后，它简要地考虑了一种对细胞培养的动物材料的替代调节方法。

{"title":"Regulating cell-cultured animal material for food systems transformation: current approaches and future directions","authors":"Hope Johnson","doi":"10.1080/17579961.2021.1898311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Proponents and developers of cell-cultured animal material (i.e. lab-grown meat) vest the innovation with the capacity to transform food systems by replacing, or significantly reducing, intensive use of animals in food systems. This article argues that cell-cultured animal material reflects lock-in to the incumbent, productivist regime for agricultural innovation. First, the article positions cell-cultured animal material as broadly consistent with the paradigm underlying intensive animal agriculture and related innovations. Secondly, it 2 explores how intellectual property has become the regulation-by-default of cell-cultured animal material reinforcing well-known limits of intellectual property rights to transform agricultural systems. Thirdly, it considers the broader regulatory context for cell-cultured animal material. The article shows how the claims by proponents and the responses from incumbent industry actors have narrowed regulatory responses preventing regulators from engaging with deeper questions about, and pathways for, food systems transformation; and, it concludes by briefly considering an alternate regulatory approach to cell-cultured animal material.","PeriodicalId":37639,"journal":{"name":"Law, Innovation and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"108 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47355312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The right to be let alone by oneself: narrative and identity in a data-driven environment 独处的权利：数据驱动环境中的叙事和身份

Q1 Social Sciences

Law, Innovation and Technology

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1898315

B. Sloot

ABSTRACT Privacy is predominantly understood as the right to be let alone by others. It protects an individual against intrusions upon the private sphere by governments, companies and fellow citizens and focusses on the right to withhold from them access to one's data, body or home. In the data-driven environment, the fact that others may have access to personal information will only be one concern; equally importantly, a person will be confronted with unwanted information about herself. Being frequently confronted with information about one's past, present and future fundamentally challenges an individual's capacity to form and maintain an identity, which depends on her ability to select and prioritise information about herself. This article suggests that the current privacy paradigm could be ameliorated by treating privacy not only as the right to be let alone by others, but in addition, as the right to be let alone by oneself. But before such a right could be introduced, a number of difficult questions need to be answered, such as the scope of the right, its legal-philosophical underpinnings and its relationship vis-à-vis countervailing interests.

摘要隐私主要被理解为被他人忽视的权利。它保护个人免受政府、公司和其他公民对私人领域的侵犯，并关注阻止他们访问自己的数据、身体或家的权利。在数据驱动的环境中，其他人可能会获得个人信息，这只是一个令人担忧的问题；同样重要的是，一个人会遇到不想要的关于自己的信息。经常面对关于自己过去、现在和未来的信息，从根本上挑战了个人形成和保持身份的能力，这取决于她选择和优先考虑自己信息的能力。本文认为，可以通过将隐私不仅视为被他人忽视的权利，而且视为被自己忽视的权利来改善当前的隐私范式。但是，在引入这一权利之前，需要回答一些棘手的问题，例如权利的范围、其法律哲学基础及其与反补贴利益的关系。

{"title":"The right to be let alone by oneself: narrative and identity in a data-driven environment","authors":"B. Sloot","doi":"10.1080/17579961.2021.1898315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Privacy is predominantly understood as the right to be let alone by others. It protects an individual against intrusions upon the private sphere by governments, companies and fellow citizens and focusses on the right to withhold from them access to one's data, body or home. In the data-driven environment, the fact that others may have access to personal information will only be one concern; equally importantly, a person will be confronted with unwanted information about herself. Being frequently confronted with information about one's past, present and future fundamentally challenges an individual's capacity to form and maintain an identity, which depends on her ability to select and prioritise information about herself. This article suggests that the current privacy paradigm could be ameliorated by treating privacy not only as the right to be let alone by others, but in addition, as the right to be let alone by oneself. But before such a right could be introduced, a number of difficult questions need to be answered, such as the scope of the right, its legal-philosophical underpinnings and its relationship vis-à-vis countervailing interests.","PeriodicalId":37639,"journal":{"name":"Law, Innovation and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"223 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47427997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Law, Innovation and Technology

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀