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Ovarian Cancer Detection Based on Elman Recurrent Neural Network 基于 Elman 循环神经网络的卵巢癌检测
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.23081
Hameed R. Farhan, M. Kod, A. Taqi, Suleiman A. Ghazi
The early detection of cancers increases the possibility of health recovery and prevents the disease from becoming a silent killer. This study introduces an effective method for identifying ovarian cancer (OC) using Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN), which can recognize cancer via mass spectrometry data. The network has a topology of 100 input neurons for receiving data, five neurons for hidden and context layers, and two output nodes to indicate the status. The proposed method uses reduced-size features, including ion concentration levels at specific mass/charge values, which are trained using various learning algorithms to determine the suitable one that achieves the best results. The experimental results show that all the training algorithms achieve about 100% performance rate, with the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) being the most accurate and fastest algorithm, which converges after six epochs and achieves 0.0035, 0.0045 and 0.0045 mean square errors for training, validation, and test performances, respectively. Based on comparative results, the proposed LM-ERNN method outperforms other OC detection methods and holds promise for detecting other types of cancer.
癌症的早期发现可增加恢复健康的可能性,并防止疾病成为无声杀手。本研究介绍了一种利用 Elman 循环神经网络(ERNN)识别卵巢癌(OC)的有效方法。该网络的拓扑结构包括用于接收数据的 100 个输入神经元、用于隐藏层和上下文层的 5 个神经元以及用于指示状态的 2 个输出节点。所提出的方法使用缩小了的特征,包括特定质量/电荷值的离子浓度水平,并使用各种学习算法对其进行训练,以确定能达到最佳效果的合适算法。实验结果表明,所有训练算法都达到了约 100%的表现率,其中莱文伯格-马夸特算法(LM)是最准确、最快的算法,它在 6 个历元后收敛,训练、验证和测试表现的均方误差分别为 0.0035、0.0045 和 0.0045。根据比较结果,拟议的 LM-ERNN 方法优于其他 OC 检测方法,并有望用于检测其他类型的癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Study of the Influence of Using Semicircular Corrugated Collecting Plate and Inverted Semicircular Corrugated on the Electrostatic Precipitator 使用半圆形波纹收集板和倒置半圆形波纹对静电沉淀器影响的数值研究
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.22592
Moath Bani Fayyad, T. Iváncsy
Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) play a crucial role in removing harmful particles in various industries. Ongoing studies continuously strive to improve their performance and efficiency, leveraging the inherent advantages of ESPs. Researchers are exploring various types of collecting and discharge electrodes to achieve this. This study specifically focuses on comparing two types of collecting electrodes, Semicircular Corrugated Plates (SCPs) and inverted Semicircular Corrugated Plates (InvSCPs), against Flat Plates (FPs) as a reference case. Three distinct forms of ESPs were simulated, and the SCP and InvSCP designs were evaluated against the FPs, specifically assessing the impact of modifying the collecting electrode design on key electrostatic precipitator characteristics, such as electrical field distribution, space charge density distribution, particle trajectories, and particle collection efficiency. Notably, the study found that using SCP resulted in the highest particle collection efficiency compared to InvSCP and FP for the same range of particles.
静电除尘器(ESP)在各行各业清除有害颗粒方面发挥着至关重要的作用。正在进行的研究利用静电除尘器的固有优势,不断努力提高其性能和效率。为此,研究人员正在探索各种类型的收集和放电电极。本研究特别侧重于将半圆波纹板(SCP)和倒置半圆波纹板(InvSCP)这两种收集电极与平板(FP)作为参考案例进行比较。模拟了三种不同形式的静电除尘器,并将 SCP 和 InvSCP 设计与 FP 进行了对比评估,特别是评估了修改收集电极设计对电场分布、空间电荷密度分布、颗粒轨迹和颗粒收集效率等关键静电除尘器特性的影响。值得注意的是,研究发现,与 InvSCP 和 FP 相比,在相同的颗粒范围内,使用 SCP 的颗粒收集效率最高。
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引用次数: 0
Robust Trajectory Tracking Control of a Differentially Flat Overhead Crane Using Sliding Mode 利用滑动模式实现不同平面桥式起重机的鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.21771
Barnabás Finta, B. Kiss
The control of overhead cranes is a benchmark problem, since it is an underactuated mechanism and its mathematical model is nonlinear. During operation the mass of the load is unknown, representing an uncertainty in the inertial parameters, which requires robustness of the controlled system. Our paper proposes a novel robust control method, that combines the differentially flat property of the dynamics with the robustness of the sliding mode control. The sliding surface is constructed to ensure the tracking of the configuration variables whose accelerations is calculated using the flatness property of the dynamic model. This formulation also allows achieving the matching conditions of the parameter uncertainties. Considering a simplified overhead crane model where the load motion is restricted in a vertical plane, two sliding surfaces are defined for the rope angle and rope length, since the cart position can be calculated from the previous two. The suggested control method is successfully validated in simulations as well as using a reduced-size overhead crane. For the real crane, the rope angle was estimated by utilizing the dynamical model, which uses the estimated cart acceleration.
桥式起重机的控制是一个基准问题,因为它是一种欠驱动机构,其数学模型是非线性的。在运行过程中,负载的质量是未知的,这意味着惯性参数的不确定性,这就要求控制系统具有鲁棒性。我们的论文提出了一种新颖的鲁棒控制方法,该方法结合了动力学的差分平坦特性和滑模控制的鲁棒性。滑动面的构建是为了确保对配置变量的跟踪,而配置变量的加速度是通过动态模型的平坦性计算出来的。这种方法还能实现参数不确定性的匹配条件。考虑到负载运动受限于垂直面的简化桥式起重机模型,为绳索角度和绳索长度定义了两个滑动面,因为小车位置可以通过前两个滑动面计算出来。建议的控制方法通过模拟以及使用缩小尺寸的桥式起重机得到了成功验证。在实际起重机中,绳索角度是利用动态模型估算的,该模型使用了估算的小车加速度。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of Eddy Current Losses in Twisted Wires 模拟双绞线中的涡流损耗
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.22800
Tamás Bakondi
Twisted wires made of insulated strands, known as stranded conductors or litz wires, are used in various areas where the eddy current loss within the wire needs to be reduced. These areas include induction heating, resonance-based wireless energy transfer, and certain radio frequency devices. Some litz wires consist of thousands of individual conductor strands that are twisted together in multiple stages, creating a hierarchical bundle structure. Computer simulations (typically using finite element analysis) are used in the optimal design of the bundle structure. However, detailed three-dimensional models are computationally demanding. In this work, a two-dimensional finite element model was presented for simulating the eddy current loss in cables made of twisted wires. The key element of the model is considering the bundle structure (generally referred to as 3D configuration conditions) within the cross-sectional model domain. The accuracy of the proposed model is tested against 3D finite element simulations. The new method is shown to be accurate, and its computational cost is by orders of magnitude lower than that of 3D models.
由绝缘绞线制成的绞合导线被称为绞合导线或litz 线,可用于需要降低导线内涡流损耗的各种领域。这些领域包括感应加热、基于共振的无线能量传输和某些射频设备。有些惰性导线由数千根单独的导体股组成,这些导体股通过多级绞合,形成分层的线束结构。计算机模拟(通常使用有限元分析)可用于线束结构的优化设计。然而,详细的三维模型对计算要求很高。在这项工作中,提出了一个二维有限元模型,用于模拟由双绞线组成的电缆中的涡流损耗。该模型的关键要素是考虑横截面模型域内的线束结构(一般称为三维配置条件)。根据三维有限元模拟测试了所建议模型的准确性。结果表明,新方法是准确的,而且其计算成本比三维模型低几个数量级。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Droop Controller for Distributed Generation Inverters in Islanded AC Microgrids 用于岛式交流微电网中分布式发电逆变器的改进型降压控制器
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.21886
Mohamed Islam Grairia, Riad Toufouti
Stability in island microgrids is crucial for efficient power distribution among distributed generation (DG) inverters. Conventional droop control, while effective in power sharing, poses challenges with voltage stability due to frequency and voltage deviations resulting from changing load power. Such deviations can lead to system instability, impacting power flows within each inverter. Therefore, this paper introduces a proposed droop control approach that effectively tackles the issues of frequency and voltage deviation, aiming to restore them to their rated values and significantly enhance transient response in power flows among inverters. The novel method incorporates integrating controllers for frequency and voltage, coupled with the utilization of virtual impedances. These virtual impedances, comprising virtual positive/negative-sequence impedance (VPI/VNI) loops at the fundamental frequency and a virtual harmonic impedance (VHI) loop at harmonic frequencies, play a crucial role in overcoming mismatched line impedance conditions, ultimately improving overall system performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and outstanding performance of inverters operating in parallel within an island AC microgrid. The proposed approach ensures stable voltage and frequency levels in all operational states, regardless of varying load conditions.
岛屿微电网的稳定性对于分布式发电(DG)逆变器之间的高效功率分配至关重要。传统的降压控制虽然在功率共享方面很有效,但由于负载功率变化导致频率和电压偏差,给电压稳定性带来了挑战。这种偏差会导致系统不稳定,影响每个逆变器内的功率流。因此,本文提出了一种有效解决频率和电压偏差问题的下垂控制方法,旨在将频率和电压偏差恢复到额定值,并显著增强逆变器之间功率流的瞬态响应。新方法结合了频率和电压集成控制器,并利用了虚拟阻抗。这些虚拟阻抗包括基频虚拟正序/负序阻抗环路(VPI/VNI)和谐波频率虚拟谐波阻抗环路(VHI),在克服不匹配线路阻抗条件方面发挥了关键作用,最终提高了系统的整体性能。仿真结果表明,在孤岛交流微电网中并联运行的逆变器效果显著、性能卓越。无论负载条件如何变化,所提出的方法都能确保所有运行状态下的电压和频率水平保持稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Geometric Parameter Optimization of Switched Reluctance Machines for Renewable Energy Applications using Finite Element Analysis 利用有限元分析优化可再生能源应用中开关磁阻机的几何参数
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.21747
I. Mahmoud, Adel Khedher
The choice of SRM design depends on the specific application and performance requirements. Factors such as power output, torque characteristics, and efficiency will all influence the choice of SRM design. To find an optimal geometry, it is therefore necessary to determine the effect of each parameter such as rotor pole angle, stator pole angle, stator external diameter, rotor diameter, air gap length, rotor yoke, stator yoke and shaft diameter on the machine performance. For this reason, this paper discusses a comparative study of the geometric parameters influence on SRM performance. The analysis is performed by finite element simulations based on the variation of rotor inclination, air gap length, stator and rotor polar arc variations of three machine topologies such as the three-phase 12/8 SRM, three-phase 6/4 SRM and four-phase 8/6 SRM. For a reliable comparison, these machines must have the same basic dimensions (stator outer diameter, rotor outer diameter and length) and operate in the same magnetic circuit saturation. Graphical and numerical results of torque and magnetic flux for three SRM topologies are highlighted. The presented study aims to provide reliable results on the dimensions to be adjusted for various applications.
SRM 设计的选择取决于具体应用和性能要求。功率输出、扭矩特性和效率等因素都会影响 SRM 设计的选择。因此,为了找到最佳几何形状,有必要确定转子磁极角、定子磁极角、定子外径、转子直径、气隙长度、转子轭、定子轭和轴直径等各参数对机器性能的影响。因此,本文讨论了几何参数对 SRM 性能影响的比较研究。分析是通过有限元模拟进行的,基于三种机器拓扑结构(如三相 12/8 SRM、三相 6/4 SRM 和四相 8/6 SRM)的转子倾角、气隙长度、定子和转子极弧变化。为了进行可靠的比较,这些机器必须具有相同的基本尺寸(定子外径、转子外径和长度),并在相同的磁路饱和度下运行。重点介绍了三种 SRM 拓扑的扭矩和磁通量的图形和数值结果。本研究旨在为各种应用提供可靠的尺寸调整结果。
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引用次数: 0
PV System Linked to an Electrical Network with an Active Power Filter Using DPC Modified Method Under Distorted Grid Voltage Conditions 在电网电压失真条件下使用 DPC 修正法将光伏系统与带有源电力滤波器的电网相连
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.21912
K. Djazia, M. Sarra
This article presents an energy system that enhances the quality of electrical energy by injecting photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy into the electrical network in the presence of a polluting load. This system is based on a new control approach known as Zero Direct Power Command (ZDPC). The innovative aspect of the proposed work is the addition of clean energy while simultaneously removing the unsettling harmonics produced by the nonlinear loads provided by distorted voltages. This approach combines a traditional Proportional Integrator (PI) controller for regulating the DC bus voltage with a clever technique (fuzzy logic) for tracking the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The current has a harmonic distortion rate of about 1% with unity power factor due to the suppression of undesirable harmonics from the source currents. A PV panel connected in series with a chopper and managed by fuzzy logic via a two-state inverter ensures the injection of PV energy into the electrical network. Software called MATLAB/Simulink is used to model this system. The outcomes demonstrate the reliability and viability of the ZDPC control, which concurrently ensures harmonic current compensation, power factor correction, and the introduction of solar power into the electrical network despite distorted source voltages.
本文介绍了一种能源系统,在有污染负荷的情况下,通过向电网注入光伏(PV)可再生能源来提高电能质量。该系统基于一种称为 "零直接功率指令"(ZDPC)的新型控制方法。这项工作的创新之处在于,在增加清洁能源的同时,消除了由畸变电压提供的非线性负载产生的不稳定谐波。这种方法将用于调节直流母线电压的传统比例积分器 (PI) 控制器与用于跟踪最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 的巧妙技术(模糊逻辑)相结合。由于抑制了源电流中的不良谐波,电流的谐波畸变率约为 1%,功率因数为 1。光伏电池板与斩波器串联,通过双态逆变器进行模糊逻辑管理,确保将光伏能量注入电网。MATLAB/Simulink 软件用于为该系统建模。研究结果证明了 ZDPC 控制的可靠性和可行性,它能同时确保谐波电流补偿、功率因数校正,并在源电压畸变的情况下将太阳能引入电网。
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引用次数: 0
Humidification Degree Effect under Rain of Inclined Silicone Insulation on its Electric Performance 倾斜硅胶绝缘材料在雨中的湿度对其电气性能的影响
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.21337
Samia Slimani, Abdellah Medjdoub, Stefan Kornhuber
This investigation is focused on the effect of inclination angle with respect to the horizontal of a hydrophobic silicone insulation, on the rate of its creepage distance's wetting by natural rain. The constellation of rainwater drops obtained on the de-energized site is then reproduced in the laboratory, to quantify the effect of their volume on the humidification intensity of the inclined insulation's creepage distance, and therefore its electrical performance under different alternating voltage levels. For this purpose, two different experimental devices allowing the variation of the insulation's inclination angle were set-up. The first one is dedicated to the on-site display of silicone samples in natural rain. The second one allows the study of the applied voltage's effect on the wetting degree of the insulation's surface. All the performed tests were supported by camera visualization. On-site measurement results show a decline in the length of the creepage distance of the natural rain-wetted insulation with increasing its inclination angle. Laboratory results also show a decrease in the size of the insulation's wet surface with increasing its inclination angle. These two characteristics reveal two different intervals of critical inclination angles of the insulation, unfavorable and favorable, for the dimensioning of the insulators' sheds corresponding respectively to their minimum and maximum electrical performance.
这项研究的重点是憎水硅绝缘材料相对于水平面的倾斜角度对其爬电距离被自然雨水润湿速度的影响。然后,在实验室中再现了在断电现场获得的雨滴群,以量化雨滴体积对倾斜绝缘层爬电距离加湿强度的影响,进而量化其在不同交流电压水平下的电气性能。为此,我们安装了两个不同的实验装置,可以改变绝缘层的倾斜角度。第一台用于现场展示自然雨中的硅胶样品。第二个实验装置用于研究外加电压对绝缘层表面润湿程度的影响。所有进行的测试都有摄像可视化支持。现场测量结果表明,自然雨水浸湿的绝缘层的爬电距离随着倾斜角的增大而减小。实验室结果还显示,随着倾斜角的增大,隔热材料湿表面的尺寸也会减小。这两个特点揭示了绝缘材料临界倾角的两个不同区间,即不利和有利区间,这两个区间分别对应于绝缘材料的最小和最大电气性能。
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引用次数: 0
Active Fault-tolerant Control for Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Under Demagnetization Fault 消磁故障下表面永磁同步电机主动容错控制
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.22464
Ayyoub Zeghlache, Hemza Mekki, Ali Djerioui, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris
This paper introduces a novel method for controlling a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) during demagnetization fault conditions. The proposed fault-tolerant control (FTC) system incorporates a combination of a fuzzy extended state observer (FESO) based on an interval type 2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC) and second-order sliding mode control (SOSMC) utilizing the super-twisting algorithm. The FESO aims to identify and eliminate demagnetization faults through reconstruction control. The FTC system enhances the dynamic performance and disturbance rejection of the SPMSM, providing a robust solution in the event of a demagnetization fault.
介绍了一种在退磁故障条件下控制表面永磁同步电动机的新方法。所提出的容错控制(FTC)系统结合了基于区间2型模糊控制器(IT2FLC)的模糊扩展状态观测器(FESO)和利用超扭转算法的二阶滑模控制(SOSMC)。FESO旨在通过重构控制来识别和消除退磁故障。FTC系统提高了SPMSM的动态性能和抗干扰性,为消磁故障提供了一个鲁棒的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of Type I Fuzzy Logic into Interval Type II Fuzzy Logic-based Unit Voltage Template with Controlled Load 一类模糊逻辑转化为区间二类模糊逻辑的受控负荷单元电压模板
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.22465
Muhannad Drak Alsebai, Kishore Kumar Pedapenki
The interval type II fuzzy logic controller (IT2FL) is a recent artificial intelligent technology which is applied in many aspects of electrical power engineering and controlling strategies these days. The improving of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) control algorithms is still ongoing, because the control strategy of DSTATCOM device is considered as a decisive factor which affects the performance of DSTATCOM device in enhancing the quality of power in the distribution grids. The improving process focuses in two main aspects the DC capacitor voltage response to the control system and the mitigation of the harmonics which are produced by the controlled and uncontrolled rectified loads. In this paper, the interval type II fuzzy logic controller (IT2FL) based the Unit Voltage Template strategy (UVT) is examined by the MATLAB program with two different ranges of input signals, and compared with the type I Fuzzy logic controller (T1FL). The IT2FL based UVT shows promising results in improving the deformed shape of source current waves in comparison with the other controllers.
区间II型模糊控制器(IT2FL)是一种新兴的人工智能技术,目前已广泛应用于电力工程和控制策略的各个方面。配电静态同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)控制算法的改进仍在进行中,因为DSTATCOM设备的控制策略是影响DSTATCOM设备性能以提高配电网电能质量的决定性因素。改进过程主要集中在两个方面:直流电容电压对控制系统的响应以及受控和不受控整流负载产生的谐波的抑制。本文通过MATLAB程序对基于单元电压模板策略(UVT)的区间型模糊控制器(IT2FL)进行了两种不同范围输入信号的检测,并与I型模糊控制器(T1FL)进行了比较。与其他控制器相比,基于IT2FL的UVT在改善源电流波变形形状方面显示出良好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Periodica polytechnica Electrical engineering and computer science
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