The article examines the historical movement of transcendental foundations in the twentieth century up to their reconstruction in modern rhetorical practices from the standpoint of communicative philosophy. The author also considers the prospects of the relationship and mutual combination of analytical, hermeneutical, semiotic and phenomenological traditions.
{"title":"Philosophy of discourse: rhetorical techniques and transcendental experience","authors":"Olena Solodka","doi":"10.31649/sent06.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent06.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the historical movement of transcendental foundations in the twentieth century up to their reconstruction in modern rhetorical practices from the standpoint of communicative philosophy. The author also considers the prospects of the relationship and mutual combination of analytical, hermeneutical, semiotic and phenomenological traditions.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paradigm of the interaction of "own" and "foreign", Russia and Europe defined Russian culture during the 18th-20th centuries. The utopian idea of creating a "new kind" of people, which appeared in the circle of Catherine II under the influence of European Enlightenment ideas, accurately characterizes this paradigm. The Enlightenment was a radical rejection of the traditional feudal worldview, a rejection of the old foundations of life. The author emphasizes that Catherine II and her entourage were not determined to radically change the existing social order in the spirit of enlightenment, choosing a more conservative path of "enlightenment absolutism". In addition, the project of creating a "new person" through education in isolated institutions points to the paradoxical nature of this idea and its implementation in the history of Russia.
{"title":"An attempt to bring out a “new breed” of people in 18th-century Russia and Russian self-identification","authors":"Ihor Nemchynov","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.142","url":null,"abstract":"The paradigm of the interaction of \"own\" and \"foreign\", Russia and Europe defined Russian culture during the 18th-20th centuries. The utopian idea of creating a \"new kind\" of people, which appeared in the circle of Catherine II under the influence of European Enlightenment ideas, accurately characterizes this paradigm. The Enlightenment was a radical rejection of the traditional feudal worldview, a rejection of the old foundations of life. The author emphasizes that Catherine II and her entourage were not determined to radically change the existing social order in the spirit of enlightenment, choosing a more conservative path of \"enlightenment absolutism\". In addition, the project of creating a \"new person\" through education in isolated institutions points to the paradoxical nature of this idea and its implementation in the history of Russia.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author argues that the views of Blaise Pascal and Etienne Gilson are generally consistent. This consistency is characterized by four shared key theses: (1) according to Pascal, faith and reason are incommensurable; the purpose of reason is not to know faith, but only to find out the sincerity of personal faith; (2) the essence of Christianity is that God is felt by the heart, not the mind; Gilson shares this view of Pascal and emphasizes that faith in God is the result of a person's personal will; (3) although man is a reed against the background of existence, this reed is capable of believing and thinking, and this is his power. This is the main common motive in the works of B. Pascal and E. Gilson: (4) a life illuminated by Christian faith is the most precious gift and the highest goal of human earthly existence.
作者认为，布莱斯-帕斯卡尔和艾蒂安-吉尔松的观点总体上是一致的。这种一致性体现在四个共同的关键论点上：(1)帕斯卡尔认为信仰与理性不可通约，理性的目的不是为了认识信仰，而只是为了发现个人信仰的真诚性；(2)基督教的本质是通过心灵而非头脑来感受上帝；吉尔松赞同帕斯卡尔的这一观点，并强调对上帝的信仰是个人意志的结果；(3)虽然人是存在背景下的一根芦苇，但这根芦苇能够信仰和思考，这就是人的力量。这是 B. Pascal 和 E. Gilson 作品的主要共同动机：(4) 被基督教信仰照亮的人生是最珍贵的礼物，也是人类尘世存在的最高目标。
{"title":"Religious-philosophical views of human existence (based on the works of B. Pascal and E. Gilson)","authors":"Alina Klitchuk","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.185","url":null,"abstract":"The author argues that the views of Blaise Pascal and Etienne Gilson are generally consistent. This consistency is characterized by four shared key theses: (1) according to Pascal, faith and reason are incommensurable; the purpose of reason is not to know faith, but only to find out the sincerity of personal faith; (2) the essence of Christianity is that God is felt by the heart, not the mind; Gilson shares this view of Pascal and emphasizes that faith in God is the result of a person's personal will; (3) although man is a reed against the background of existence, this reed is capable of believing and thinking, and this is his power. This is the main common motive in the works of B. Pascal and E. Gilson: (4) a life illuminated by Christian faith is the most precious gift and the highest goal of human earthly existence.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the Cartesian cogito as a basic concept of the phenomenological approach to consciousness. The author aims to develop the thesis about the importance of the Cartesian cogito in the context of the possibility of the unconscious in phenomenological psychology. The solid foundation of Cartesian "universal mathematics" is consciousness, purified from sensual components, access to which is achieved through the methodical procedure of doubt. In the author's opinion, R. Descartes' influence on E. Husserl regarding the concept of consciousness was exercised through F. Brentano, and the author provides a refutation of F. Brentano's possibility of the existence of the unconscious. In this aspect, the problem of the correlation between consciousness and psyche, as well as the issue of the unconscious in the phenomenological tradition is considered. The author concludes that the unconscious cannot act as an ontological level of the unconscious psyche.
{"title":"Descartes’ cogito as a basis of the phenomenological realizing of a consciousness","authors":"Iryna Holub","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.073","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the Cartesian cogito as a basic concept of the phenomenological approach to consciousness. The author aims to develop the thesis about the importance of the Cartesian cogito in the context of the possibility of the unconscious in phenomenological psychology. The solid foundation of Cartesian \"universal mathematics\" is consciousness, purified from sensual components, access to which is achieved through the methodical procedure of doubt. In the author's opinion, R. Descartes' influence on E. Husserl regarding the concept of consciousness was exercised through F. Brentano, and the author provides a refutation of F. Brentano's possibility of the existence of the unconscious. In this aspect, the problem of the correlation between consciousness and psyche, as well as the issue of the unconscious in the phenomenological tradition is considered. The author concludes that the unconscious cannot act as an ontological level of the unconscious psyche.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article reconstructs the image of man in Pascal's philosophy and compares it with the relevant themes of modern existential philosophy. The author identifies a number of key features of the image of man in Pascal's philosophy: 1) the transience of human existence in the light of the infinity of the world; 2) the impossibility of human comprehension of infinity, which gives rise to man’s existential anxiety of, on the one hand, enclosure in his own existence and, on the other, dissolving in the infinity of the world; 3) man's turning to knowing himself as a way to cope with such an anxiety. The author compares these features with the image of man in the existential philosophy of the twentieth century and argues that they are also characteristic of the latter. On this ground, the author states that Pascal's doctrine and twentieth-century existential philosophy are related.
{"title":"Pascal's theme of man and its development in existential philosophy","authors":"S. Zolkina","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.111","url":null,"abstract":"The article reconstructs the image of man in Pascal's philosophy and compares it with the relevant themes of modern existential philosophy. The author identifies a number of key features of the image of man in Pascal's philosophy: 1) the transience of human existence in the light of the infinity of the world; 2) the impossibility of human comprehension of infinity, which gives rise to man’s existential anxiety of, on the one hand, enclosure in his own existence and, on the other, dissolving in the infinity of the world; 3) man's turning to knowing himself as a way to cope with such an anxiety. The author compares these features with the image of man in the existential philosophy of the twentieth century and argues that they are also characteristic of the latter. On this ground, the author states that Pascal's doctrine and twentieth-century existential philosophy are related.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines Pascal's philosophy in the context of the confrontation between naturalistic and humanistic trends in the history of philosophy from Antiquity to the Baroque periods (the highest manifestation of this period is the confrontation between two humanisms: Renaissance ratiocentric and Baroque cordocentric ones). Pascal's philosophy is considered in the article as a manifestation of Baroque thought. In particular – in terms of the general view of nature and human destiny. It is indicated that, in contrast to Renaissance anthropocentrism, which put forward reason as the key and highest human faculty, Baroque theocentric thinking relegitimates the "heart" faculty which is necessary for cognition of the divine dimensions of the world. On this ground, the author interprets Pascal's philosophy as cordocentric: one that, against the background of the limitations of the absolute epistemological claims of reason, justifies the importance of the "heart" faculty in discovering the fundamental principles of God, nature, and the world. According to this vision, reason is assigned the function of explaining these principles.
{"title":"Ratiocentric and cordocentric controversies of Modern European humanism: B. Pascal's \"logic of the heart\"","authors":"Ihor Bychko","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Pascal's philosophy in the context of the confrontation between naturalistic and humanistic trends in the history of philosophy from Antiquity to the Baroque periods (the highest manifestation of this period is the confrontation between two humanisms: Renaissance ratiocentric and Baroque cordocentric ones). Pascal's philosophy is considered in the article as a manifestation of Baroque thought. In particular – in terms of the general view of nature and human destiny. It is indicated that, in contrast to Renaissance anthropocentrism, which put forward reason as the key and highest human faculty, Baroque theocentric thinking relegitimates the \"heart\" faculty which is necessary for cognition of the divine dimensions of the world. On this ground, the author interprets Pascal's philosophy as cordocentric: one that, against the background of the limitations of the absolute epistemological claims of reason, justifies the importance of the \"heart\" faculty in discovering the fundamental principles of God, nature, and the world. According to this vision, reason is assigned the function of explaining these principles.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis of the legitimacy of the transition from logic to ontology in the work of Ernest Cassirer "Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff. Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen der Erkenntniskritik". After analysing some aspects of the classical theory of abstraction (mainly its Aristotelian-Lockean version, as well as Mill's inductive logic), Cassirer reveals a number of problems associated with both the use of this theory in the study of modern sciences and its application to the analysis of the phenomenon of thinking in general. For Cassirer, the classical theory of abstraction leads to paradoxes and difficulties due to the correlation between the volume and content of the concept and the process of generalisation. Cassirer solves these problems by turning to mathematics. The author demonstrates that this text by Cassirer is one of the classic examples of philosophical analysis of the foundations of logic.
文章主要分析欧内斯特-卡西勒的著作《Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff.Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen der Erkenntniskritik"。在分析了古典抽象理论的某些方面（主要是亚里士多德-洛克的版本以及密尔的归纳逻辑）之后，卡西勒揭示了在现代科学研究中使用这一理论以及将其应用于分析一般思维现象时所遇到的一系列问题。在卡西勒看来，由于概念的数量和内容与概括过程之间的相关性，经典抽象理论导致了悖论和困难。卡西勒通过求助于数学来解决这些问题。作者证明，卡西勒的这篇文字是对逻辑学基础进行哲学分析的经典范例之一。
{"title":"The problem of the creation of the concept and the criticism of the classical theory of the abstraction in Ernest Cassirer’s philosophy","authors":"Nina Dys","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the legitimacy of the transition from logic to ontology in the work of Ernest Cassirer \"Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff. Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen der Erkenntniskritik\". After analysing some aspects of the classical theory of abstraction (mainly its Aristotelian-Lockean version, as well as Mill's inductive logic), Cassirer reveals a number of problems associated with both the use of this theory in the study of modern sciences and its application to the analysis of the phenomenon of thinking in general. For Cassirer, the classical theory of abstraction leads to paradoxes and difficulties due to the correlation between the volume and content of the concept and the process of generalisation. Cassirer solves these problems by turning to mathematics. The author demonstrates that this text by Cassirer is one of the classic examples of philosophical analysis of the foundations of logic.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author examines the problematic relationship between rationality and passions in Pascal's doctrine in four contexts: (1) the foundations of New European metaphysics, which are characterized by the desomatization of man - the removal of corporeality from the essential human attributes; (2) the tradition of opposition to this desomatization in Modern metaphysics, as well as in the philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (3) the Christian doctrine of man as a fundamentally spiritual and corporeal being, as well as the doctrine of the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the passion of Christ and the atonement of original sin; (4) the Christian doctrine of love as a force that overcomes the internal contradiction of human nature. Based on the results of the study of Pascal's doctrine of the passions, the author argues for the view of Pascal as the historically first opponent of the 1) foundation of New European metaphysics, as well as a thinker who simultaneously combined deep Christian religiosity and Modern rationality.
{"title":"Pascal on passions","authors":"Olga Gomilko","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.088","url":null,"abstract":"Author examines the problematic relationship between rationality and passions in Pascal's doctrine in four contexts: (1) the foundations of New European metaphysics, which are characterized by the desomatization of man - the removal of corporeality from the essential human attributes; (2) the tradition of opposition to this desomatization in Modern metaphysics, as well as in the philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (3) the Christian doctrine of man as a fundamentally spiritual and corporeal being, as well as the doctrine of the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the passion of Christ and the atonement of original sin; (4) the Christian doctrine of love as a force that overcomes the internal contradiction of human nature. Based on the results of the study of Pascal's doctrine of the passions, the author argues for the view of Pascal as the historically first opponent of the 1) foundation of New European metaphysics, as well as a thinker who simultaneously combined deep Christian religiosity and Modern rationality.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first Ukrainian translation of the work of Jean-Antoine de Condorcet «Lettres d’un bourgeois de New Haven à un citoyen de Virginie, sur l’inutilité de partager le pouvoir législatif entre plusieurs corps»
{"title":"Lettres d’un bourgeois de New Haven à un citoyen de Virginie, sur l’inutilité de partager le pouvoir législatif entre plusieurs corps","authors":"Jean-Antoine De Condorcet","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.162","url":null,"abstract":"The first Ukrainian translation of the work of Jean-Antoine de Condorcet «Lettres d’un bourgeois de New Haven à un citoyen de Virginie, sur l’inutilité de partager le pouvoir législatif entre plusieurs corps»","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the Russian Enlightenment on the basis of texts by M. Fedorov and is a continuation of the article "Under the Yoke of Woman: Enlightenment Dialectic of the Power of Nature and Power over Nature". The gender paradoxes of the Enlightenment consciousness are highlighted by analysing M. Turne’s text "Friday, Pacific or limb". The author concludes that the masculine, freed from everything natural, prevails over life, asserting an openly necrophilic ideal camouflaged by the idea of the search for immortality. But there is another way out – the transformation of the enlightenment paradigm, the rejection of the yoke of power, merging with Nature and ascending to the cosmic sex (germination through the triumphant Femininity or Masculinity in accordance with male or female androgyny). Cosmic sex is polysex.
本文以 M. Fedorov 的文章为基础，专门分析了俄罗斯启蒙运动的具体内容，是 "在妇女的桎梏下 "一文的继续：启蒙运动关于自然力量和支配自然力量的辩证法》一文的继续。通过分析 M. Turne 的文章 "星期五、太平洋或肢体"，突出了启蒙意识中的性别悖论。作者的结论是，男性从一切自然中解放出来，凌驾于生命之上，以追求永生的思想为伪装，主张一种公开的恋尸理想。但还有另一条出路--转变启蒙范式，摒弃权力枷锁，与自然融为一体，升华为宇宙性（根据男性或女性的雌雄同体性，通过胜利的女性或男性气质发芽）。宇宙性是多性的。
{"title":"Enlightenment near the bounds of turning: metamorphosis of the Manlinesss and Feminity","authors":"Vsevolod Kuznetsov","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.168","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the Russian Enlightenment on the basis of texts by M. Fedorov and is a continuation of the article \"Under the Yoke of Woman: Enlightenment Dialectic of the Power of Nature and Power over Nature\". The gender paradoxes of the Enlightenment consciousness are highlighted by analysing M. Turne’s text \"Friday, Pacific or limb\". The author concludes that the masculine, freed from everything natural, prevails over life, asserting an openly necrophilic ideal camouflaged by the idea of the search for immortality. But there is another way out – the transformation of the enlightenment paradigm, the rejection of the yoke of power, merging with Nature and ascending to the cosmic sex (germination through the triumphant Femininity or Masculinity in accordance with male or female androgyny). Cosmic sex is polysex.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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