The author analyses the context and reasons for the change in Pushkin's understanding of history. The idea of Russia's special path, disagreement with the Decembrists, and the appeal to the history and personality of Peter I led to the evolution of the poet's views to anti-violent and, in fact, pessimistic attitudes.
{"title":"Russian identification. Philosophy of history by Alexander Pushkin in the context of historiosophical discussions of the 20-30s of the nineteenth century","authors":"Ihor Nemchynov","doi":"10.31649/sent06.02.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent06.02.088","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyses the context and reasons for the change in Pushkin's understanding of history. The idea of Russia's special path, disagreement with the Decembrists, and the appeal to the history and personality of Peter I led to the evolution of the poet's views to anti-violent and, in fact, pessimistic attitudes.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author analyses the phenomena of the development of modern urban civilisation, which have direct analogues in the development of cities in medieval Europe. According to the author, it is the Renaissance thematisation of the urban world that has acquired the character of permanent relevance, which is still in demand today. Through the experience of medieval studies and analysis of U. Eco's works, the author proves that the principles of medieval urban ideology were more like the ideological foundations of the pre-antique urban world, developed by Old Testament urban motifs. The image of the Temple as a special Jerusalem origin of the Christian urban tradition opens up the possibility to consider the material world of the city in the perspective of the symbolic or imaginary world, and in this perspective the original ambivalence of the City's aspirations is revealed.
{"title":"Global world versus virtual town","authors":"Olena Solodka","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.123","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyses the phenomena of the development of modern urban civilisation, which have direct analogues in the development of cities in medieval Europe. According to the author, it is the Renaissance thematisation of the urban world that has acquired the character of permanent relevance, which is still in demand today. Through the experience of medieval studies and analysis of U. Eco's works, the author proves that the principles of medieval urban ideology were more like the ideological foundations of the pre-antique urban world, developed by Old Testament urban motifs. The image of the Temple as a special Jerusalem origin of the Christian urban tradition opens up the possibility to consider the material world of the city in the perspective of the symbolic or imaginary world, and in this perspective the original ambivalence of the City's aspirations is revealed.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article devoted to the discussion of the thesis that the conception of the modernity with typical for it controversy between “old and modern” is not a specific trait of new times cultural situation and enlightenment conscience. Enough grounds for the consideration of it as a fundamental element of European tradition since the time of late antiquity. The peculiarity of its importance in Modern Time first of all consists of the secularization of reality due to which other articulations of temporal dispositions appears. For defining of the modernity, the decisive socio-cultural characteristics are of no great importance (according to which “the historical period” of Modern Time is separated), but temporal structure of being is.
{"title":"Is the concept of the modern an “alwaysmodernity” of European tradition or the New time creation?","authors":"Victoria Shamray","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.132","url":null,"abstract":"The article devoted to the discussion of the thesis that the conception of the modernity with typical for it controversy between “old and modern” is not a specific trait of new times cultural situation and enlightenment conscience. Enough grounds for the consideration of it as a fundamental element of European tradition since the time of late antiquity. The peculiarity of its importance in Modern Time first of all consists of the secularization of reality due to which other articulations of temporal dispositions appears. For defining of the modernity, the decisive socio-cultural characteristics are of no great importance (according to which “the historical period” of Modern Time is separated), but temporal structure of being is.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Enlightenment invented a new unique format for philosophical thinking, turning philosophy into a force that affects the real world. The author calls for recognition of the productive forces of the Enlightenment, which appear as defenders of rational transparency and intellectual honesty. By rejecting the teleological context and focusing on formal aspects, Enlightenment ideas lead to a loss of connection with concrete reality and the purpose of actions. The last decades have seen a revival of the classical tradition, but there are difficulties in understanding the physical order and its relationship with the moral order. The author agrees with the criticism of the Enlightenment project, but opposes the rejection of any universalist project in general. Considering value pluralism as a result of the late Enlightenment, the author points out that the universalist project is opposed by various forms of relativism. It is in this context that tradition should resume its role.
{"title":"The idea of modern and the Western tradition. Article 2","authors":"Andrii Baumeister","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.152","url":null,"abstract":"The Enlightenment invented a new unique format for philosophical thinking, turning philosophy into a force that affects the real world. The author calls for recognition of the productive forces of the Enlightenment, which appear as defenders of rational transparency and intellectual honesty. By rejecting the teleological context and focusing on formal aspects, Enlightenment ideas lead to a loss of connection with concrete reality and the purpose of actions. The last decades have seen a revival of the classical tradition, but there are difficulties in understanding the physical order and its relationship with the moral order. The author agrees with the criticism of the Enlightenment project, but opposes the rejection of any universalist project in general. Considering value pluralism as a result of the late Enlightenment, the author points out that the universalist project is opposed by various forms of relativism. It is in this context that tradition should resume its role.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the article is the views of J.-J. Rousseau on natural law, social contract, morality and law, which are set out in the treatise «Du contrat social; ou, Principes du droit politique» and thematically related works («Émile, ou De l’éducation», «Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes»). The conceptual and terminological features of the French philosopher's thought are considered in dialogue with Locke and Hobbes. The author comes to the following conclusions: (1) Rousseau's political philosophy is an attempt to implement the enlightenment combination of Hobbes' naturalism and Locke's liberalism, which is impossible in practice; (2) the social functionalist understanding of morality deprives Rousseau of the means of reconciling the public interest with the inalienable rights of the individual, since the purely natural factors remaining at his disposal do not allow him to consider the individual as something other than a simple social function; (3) the Rousseau's emphasis on the fundamental heterogeneity of the natural and social states, as well as the unsuccessful solution to the problem of reconciling selfish expression of will and the public interest, appear as a starting point for Kant's moral philosophy.
文章的主题是 J.-J. 卢梭关于自然法、社会契约、道德和法律的观点，这些观点载于论文 "Du contrat social; ou, Principes du droit politique "以及与主题相关的作品（"Émile, ou De l'éducation"、"Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"）中。作者在与洛克和霍布斯的对话中探讨了这位法国哲学家思想的概念和术语特征。作者得出以下结论(1) 卢梭的政治哲学试图实现霍布斯的自然主义和洛克的自由主义的启蒙结合，但这在实践中是不可能的；(2) 社会功能主义对道德的理解使卢梭失去了调和公共利益与个人不可剥夺的权利的手段，因为他所能利用的纯粹自然因素不允许他将个人视为简单的社会功能之外的东西；(3) 卢梭强调自然状态和社会状态的根本异质性，以及对调和意志的自私表达和公共利益问题的不成功解决，成为康德道德哲学的起点。
{"title":"Naturalness vs morality: Rousseau's version","authors":"Ruslana Kharkova","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.051","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the views of J.-J. Rousseau on natural law, social contract, morality and law, which are set out in the treatise «Du contrat social; ou, Principes du droit politique» and thematically related works («Émile, ou De l’éducation», «Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes»). The conceptual and terminological features of the French philosopher's thought are considered in dialogue with Locke and Hobbes. The author comes to the following conclusions: (1) Rousseau's political philosophy is an attempt to implement the enlightenment combination of Hobbes' naturalism and Locke's liberalism, which is impossible in practice; (2) the social functionalist understanding of morality deprives Rousseau of the means of reconciling the public interest with the inalienable rights of the individual, since the purely natural factors remaining at his disposal do not allow him to consider the individual as something other than a simple social function; (3) the Rousseau's emphasis on the fundamental heterogeneity of the natural and social states, as well as the unsuccessful solution to the problem of reconciling selfish expression of will and the public interest, appear as a starting point for Kant's moral philosophy.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Book Review Alcover, M. (1981). Poulain de la Barre: une aventure philosophique. Paris, Seattle & Tübingen: Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature.
书评 Alcover, M. (1981).Poulain de la Barre: une aventure philosophique.巴黎、西雅图和图宾根：法国十七世纪文学论文集》。
{"title":"Biography and work of François Poullain de la Barre as interpreted by Madeleine Alcover","authors":"O. Khoma","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.245","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review Alcover, M. (1981). Poulain de la Barre: une aventure philosophique. Paris, Seattle & Tübingen: Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The classical historicist paradigm of cognition of historical reality has been subjected to devastating criticism by the latest postmodern concepts. The article is devoted to one of these concepts - the «new historicism». Based on the classics of the «new historicism», the author identifies its main features, which include a) textualisation of history (transition of historical research into literary analysis and vice versa), b) contextual analysis of a literary work (marking «representations»), c) denial of the idea of «neutrality» of literature in relation to specific historical conditions, d) coexistence of determinism of the text and certainty of discursive practices. The «new historicism» is distinguished from the deconstruction methodology by the historicisation of modernity and the principle of recontextualisation, and from the post-structuralist methodology by the distinction between text and context. The author concludes that the «new historicism» does not claim to have universal significance or methodological perfection of its postulates. It only offers to look at the process of human development outside the limited framework of classical historical, philosophical and literary constructions, thus gaining popularity and significance in the wider Western scientific community.
{"title":"\"New historicism\" as a postmodern discourse of contemporaneity","authors":"Yuri Pavlov","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.090","url":null,"abstract":"The classical historicist paradigm of cognition of historical reality has been subjected to devastating criticism by the latest postmodern concepts. The article is devoted to one of these concepts - the «new historicism». Based on the classics of the «new historicism», the author identifies its main features, which include a) textualisation of history (transition of historical research into literary analysis and vice versa), b) contextual analysis of a literary work (marking «representations»), c) denial of the idea of «neutrality» of literature in relation to specific historical conditions, d) coexistence of determinism of the text and certainty of discursive practices. The «new historicism» is distinguished from the deconstruction methodology by the historicisation of modernity and the principle of recontextualisation, and from the post-structuralist methodology by the distinction between text and context. The author concludes that the «new historicism» does not claim to have universal significance or methodological perfection of its postulates. It only offers to look at the process of human development outside the limited framework of classical historical, philosophical and literary constructions, thus gaining popularity and significance in the wider Western scientific community.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An Analytical Review of Paul Henri Holbach's "Natural Politics"
保罗-亨利-霍尔巴赫的 "自然政治学 "分析评论
{"title":"Analytical review of Natural politics… of Paul Henri Holbach","authors":"Anatolii Tekliuk","doi":"10.31649/sent07.03.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent07.03.241","url":null,"abstract":"An Analytical Review of Paul Henri Holbach's \"Natural Politics\"","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author, following Niklas Luhmann, interprets the opposition "individual-society" as one of the pillars to which the ideological content of modern society is anchored. The same can be said about political philosophy: no matter how we understand the term "society" (in terms of collectivism, communalism, or holism), individualism is always understood as something ontologically rooted, as a constitutive factor of political space. Despite the resistance of influential opponents, methodological individualism has not become either a historical relic or a synonym for professional incompetence. Attempts to overcome this resistance led to the realization of a speculative tendency – self-description, which, according to Luhmann, inevitably constitutes itself as an ideology. However, individualism in the Modernity did not manifest itself as a strategy of a particular "-ology", but as a practical, non-contemplative strategy of political philosophy. The author agrees with Peter Koslowski that the question of the nature of the opposition "individual-society" can be answered only hypothetically. After all, this duality appears as: (1) a product of the historical process of individuation; (2) the result of the development of social production, the transition to private property; (3) an initial property of conditio humana. In contrast to other epochs, Modernity was the only one to propose to exclude the will to the common from individual motivations, to monistically present the individual concept of the good as a desire for personal gain.
{"title":"Metamorphoses of individualism in Modern political philosophy","authors":"Natalia Spasenko","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.192","url":null,"abstract":"The author, following Niklas Luhmann, interprets the opposition \"individual-society\" as one of the pillars to which the ideological content of modern society is anchored. The same can be said about political philosophy: no matter how we understand the term \"society\" (in terms of collectivism, communalism, or holism), individualism is always understood as something ontologically rooted, as a constitutive factor of political space. Despite the resistance of influential opponents, methodological individualism has not become either a historical relic or a synonym for professional incompetence. Attempts to overcome this resistance led to the realization of a speculative tendency – self-description, which, according to Luhmann, inevitably constitutes itself as an ideology. However, individualism in the Modernity did not manifest itself as a strategy of a particular \"-ology\", but as a practical, non-contemplative strategy of political philosophy. The author agrees with Peter Koslowski that the question of the nature of the opposition \"individual-society\" can be answered only hypothetically. After all, this duality appears as: (1) a product of the historical process of individuation; (2) the result of the development of social production, the transition to private property; (3) an initial property of conditio humana. In contrast to other epochs, Modernity was the only one to propose to exclude the will to the common from individual motivations, to monistically present the individual concept of the good as a desire for personal gain.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author analyzes the views of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers on the essence and goals of science. According to Nietzsche, scientific interest has no clear goal and ultimately leads to nihilism. Nietzsche criticizes science for the limitless accumulation of information, which blinds and prevents the evaluation of the achieved results. For Jaspers, the desire for knowledge, rooted in human nature, not only has unforeseen consequences, but also does not provide an answer to the question of the essence of science from an internal perspective. The author points out the risk of believing that science can create or transform a person, and considers this belief a scientific superstition. He warns against elevating science to the level of a worldview, and also points to the potential threats of genetic engineering.
{"title":"About the harm of science to life. Science and education as key philosophical issues in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers","authors":"Mirko Wischke","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.070","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyzes the views of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers on the essence and goals of science. According to Nietzsche, scientific interest has no clear goal and ultimately leads to nihilism. Nietzsche criticizes science for the limitless accumulation of information, which blinds and prevents the evaluation of the achieved results. For Jaspers, the desire for knowledge, rooted in human nature, not only has unforeseen consequences, but also does not provide an answer to the question of the essence of science from an internal perspective. The author points out the risk of believing that science can create or transform a person, and considers this belief a scientific superstition. He warns against elevating science to the level of a worldview, and also points to the potential threats of genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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