Leibniz sought to solve the metaphysical problem of reality, avoiding ontological premises. His intensional method was aimed at the logical solution of the problem, preserving the objectivity and unobstructed metaphysical research. Metaphysics can provide a certain level of coherence to the phenomena of physics and make them more real. Leibniz was convinced that physics, for its part, should be grounded in metaphysical principles. This promotes a reciprocal relationship between physics and metaphysics, where metaphysical principles derive their reality from physical principles, and the two fields are interrelated. If we recognize the reality of the laws of physics, then we must also recognize the reality of the concept of substance. His position is that the laws of mathematical physics predict the existence of real substances, which makes it possible to move from mathematical objects to real substances. This method of substantiating the reality of substance and metaphysical principles can be considered as the foundations of the transcendental method. Leibniz's metaphysical approach is that necessary truths exist by themselves and do not depend on specific objects of study or perception. He regarded these truths as eternal.
{"title":"Leibniz's Logic and Metaphysics Article 2","authors":"Sergii Sekundant","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"Leibniz sought to solve the metaphysical problem of reality, avoiding ontological premises. His intensional method was aimed at the logical solution of the problem, preserving the objectivity and unobstructed metaphysical research. Metaphysics can provide a certain level of coherence to the phenomena of physics and make them more real. Leibniz was convinced that physics, for its part, should be grounded in metaphysical principles. This promotes a reciprocal relationship between physics and metaphysics, where metaphysical principles derive their reality from physical principles, and the two fields are interrelated. If we recognize the reality of the laws of physics, then we must also recognize the reality of the concept of substance. His position is that the laws of mathematical physics predict the existence of real substances, which makes it possible to move from mathematical objects to real substances. This method of substantiating the reality of substance and metaphysical principles can be considered as the foundations of the transcendental method. Leibniz's metaphysical approach is that necessary truths exist by themselves and do not depend on specific objects of study or perception. He regarded these truths as eternal.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author advocates the hypothesis that the concept of «crisis» is born not within the framework of postmodern philosophy, but within the «theory of modernity», i.e. in the perspective of Kant and Hegel. The theory of modernity is primarily understood as the theory of the crisis of rationality, which is marked by the transition to «procedural rationality». The latter is associated with the introduction of a number of philosophemes that are the object of study in this article: «crisis», «modernity», «criticism», «encyclopaedia», «progress», «civilisation», «culture», «consciousness».
{"title":"\"Theory of Modern\" as a \"crisis\" programme of philosophy","authors":"Olena Solodka","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.071","url":null,"abstract":"The author advocates the hypothesis that the concept of «crisis» is born not within the framework of postmodern philosophy, but within the «theory of modernity», i.e. in the perspective of Kant and Hegel. The theory of modernity is primarily understood as the theory of the crisis of rationality, which is marked by the transition to «procedural rationality». The latter is associated with the introduction of a number of philosophemes that are the object of study in this article: «crisis», «modernity», «criticism», «encyclopaedia», «progress», «civilisation», «culture», «consciousness».","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last century created the new concepts of understanding of the nature and the purpose of the person in an epoch of the postmodernity, especially boldly presented in philosophy of the French postmodern (Foucault, Deleuze, Baudrillard, Lipovetsky). The author aims to study the difference between the Modern and Postmodern man. Thus, Postmodernity brings a person to the comprehension of the fact of the impossibility of expressing oneself, and replaces a person from the position " opposite the world" to the position of existence "in the world", and thus the impossibility of distancing. The excess of production, characteristic of the past and the new century, gives rise to a new type of person – the ideal consumer, as consumption becomes the basis of human vitality. These things lead to the formation of fashion. The loss of the social is due to the tendency of the mass consciousness to implosion, i.e. to absorb, to draw in any influence.
{"title":"The man’s place is vacant (the anthropological essays of the contemporary French philosophy)","authors":"Svitlana Kutsepal","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.103","url":null,"abstract":"The last century created the new concepts of understanding of the nature and the purpose of the person in an epoch of the postmodernity, especially boldly presented in philosophy of the French postmodern (Foucault, Deleuze, Baudrillard, Lipovetsky). The author aims to study the difference between the Modern and Postmodern man. Thus, Postmodernity brings a person to the comprehension of the fact of the impossibility of expressing oneself, and replaces a person from the position \" opposite the world\" to the position of existence \"in the world\", and thus the impossibility of distancing. The excess of production, characteristic of the past and the new century, gives rise to a new type of person – the ideal consumer, as consumption becomes the basis of human vitality. These things lead to the formation of fashion. The loss of the social is due to the tendency of the mass consciousness to implosion, i.e. to absorb, to draw in any influence.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between religion and philosophy in the modern context with its inherent thesis about the incompatibility of faith and reason. The role and subsequent transformation of philosophy is a key factor in the process of secularization. The author examines the change in the social function of religion and its influence on the legitimation of philosophical knowledge in the early modern era, especially in the context of the interaction between the church and the state. The article shows how the change in the social function of religion affects the method of legitimizing knowledge.
{"title":"To the question about the Ukrainian modern era: philosophy and religion","authors":"Serhii Yosypenko","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.134","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between religion and philosophy in the modern context with its inherent thesis about the incompatibility of faith and reason. The role and subsequent transformation of philosophy is a key factor in the process of secularization. The author examines the change in the social function of religion and its influence on the legitimation of philosophical knowledge in the early modern era, especially in the context of the interaction between the church and the state. The article shows how the change in the social function of religion affects the method of legitimizing knowledge.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the article is the concept of "Early Enlightenment", its genealogy and functioning in modern studies of the history of Ukrainian philosophy. On the basis of this analysis, the problems and possible applications of this concept to the study of early modern Ukrainian philosophy are clarified. In the author's opinion, it is the "linearity" or "non-linearity" of the view of the early modern era that determines the current understanding of the phenomenon of "early enlightenment". A characteristic feature of the Enlightenment as an era of European history and as a separate ideology or project is the transformation of the ideas of "enlightenment", which in other periods coexist with other ideologies or projects, into the defining ones for this era. The author concludes that the central problem for understanding the phenomenon of Ukrainian Modernity in the chosen perspective is the role of religion in human life and the modern state.
{"title":"Considering the Issue of the Ukrainian Modern: Concept of Early Enlightenment","authors":"Serhii Yosypenko","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.152","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the concept of \"Early Enlightenment\", its genealogy and functioning in modern studies of the history of Ukrainian philosophy. On the basis of this analysis, the problems and possible applications of this concept to the study of early modern Ukrainian philosophy are clarified. In the author's opinion, it is the \"linearity\" or \"non-linearity\" of the view of the early modern era that determines the current understanding of the phenomenon of \"early enlightenment\". A characteristic feature of the Enlightenment as an era of European history and as a separate ideology or project is the transformation of the ideas of \"enlightenment\", which in other periods coexist with other ideologies or projects, into the defining ones for this era. The author concludes that the central problem for understanding the phenomenon of Ukrainian Modernity in the chosen perspective is the role of religion in human life and the modern state.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of Buzgalyn, A. V. (2003). Anti-Popper: Social liberation and ego friends. Moscow: Editorial of the USSR.
Review of Buzgalyn, A. V. (2003).Anti-Popper：社会解放与自我之友》。莫斯科：苏联编辑部。
{"title":"In defense of Popper or the Marxist way of criticism","authors":"Olexander Yudin","doi":"10.31649/sent12.01.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.277","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Buzgalyn, A. V. (2003). Anti-Popper: Social liberation and ego friends. Moscow: Editorial of the USSR.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the article is to analyse and synthesise the ethical views of the Kyiv-Mohyla scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in order to create a holistic view of ethics as a practical science through the study of such phenomena-terms as "behaviour", "human action", "rules of conduct", "customs", "skills", "good", "happiness", "justice", and "passions". The author identifies the general specificity of the ethical views that dominated the philosophical courses of the professors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy; analyses the ethical reflections of Heorhii Konyskyi; demarcates between the types of good, justice and happiness; and explores the essence of the psychological state of a person acting under the influence of passions.
{"title":"Heorhii Konyskyi Ethics Opinions: Actions and Passions","authors":"Larysa Didenko","doi":"10.31649/sent13.02.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent13.02.144","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to analyse and synthesise the ethical views of the Kyiv-Mohyla scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in order to create a holistic view of ethics as a practical science through the study of such phenomena-terms as \"behaviour\", \"human action\", \"rules of conduct\", \"customs\", \"skills\", \"good\", \"happiness\", \"justice\", and \"passions\". The author identifies the general specificity of the ethical views that dominated the philosophical courses of the professors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy; analyses the ethical reflections of Heorhii Konyskyi; demarcates between the types of good, justice and happiness; and explores the essence of the psychological state of a person acting under the influence of passions.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to interpret the Hegel's category of «beginning». The author distinguishes three types of beginnings: (1) historical – it refers to the facts and events of the past, which begin a particular sustainable development process; (2) ontological – as the basis of the existence of the relevant phenomenon, called «here and now»; (3) epistemological – as the cognitive basis of cognition of the relevant phenomena, which determines both the content and the special form of this cognition. The differentiation of interconnected principles forms a cognitive a priori that sets the conditions for intelligibility and the order of constitution of certain phenomena. The author comes to the conclusion that Hegel exhausts the theme of the beginning within classical philosophy and begins its non-classical interpretation.
{"title":"The category of «beginning» in Hegel's philosophy and thinking","authors":"Viktor Opolev","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to interpret the Hegel's category of «beginning». The author distinguishes three types of beginnings: (1) historical – it refers to the facts and events of the past, which begin a particular sustainable development process; (2) ontological – as the basis of the existence of the relevant phenomenon, called «here and now»; (3) epistemological – as the cognitive basis of cognition of the relevant phenomena, which determines both the content and the special form of this cognition. The differentiation of interconnected principles forms a cognitive a priori that sets the conditions for intelligibility and the order of constitution of certain phenomena. The author comes to the conclusion that Hegel exhausts the theme of the beginning within classical philosophy and begins its non-classical interpretation.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article explores the potential of Descartes' view of matter in the light of modern discussions. The author compares the key theses of the «Principia Philosophiae» about the physical picture of the world with the concept of «holomovement» of the physicist David Bohm, noting the affinity of the conclusion about the synergistic unity of space, time and matter with a number of Cartesian conclusions.
{"title":"Modern conceptions of matter: contemporary reminiscences","authors":"O. Bazaluk","doi":"10.31649/sent05.01.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent05.01.144","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the potential of Descartes' view of matter in the light of modern discussions. The author compares the key theses of the «Principia Philosophiae» about the physical picture of the world with the concept of «holomovement» of the physicist David Bohm, noting the affinity of the conclusion about the synergistic unity of space, time and matter with a number of Cartesian conclusions.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to clarify the status of Pascal's philosophy in the development of philosophical and anthropological worldview. The philosophico-anthropological worldview/thinking refers to the tendency to consider man as a complex phenomenon and the key subject of philosophical research. This tendency, according to the author, led to the emergence of philosophical anthropology as a philosophical discipline of its kind in the 20th century. The author analyses a number of ideas of Pascal's philosophy for their correspondence to the key postulates of philosophical anthropology: (1) the idea of man as a "thinking stick"; (2) the idea of man as a contradictory combination of soul and body, reason and passions, both aspects of which are significant and necessary for a human existence; (3) the idea of man as a being that exists simultaneously in the past, present and future; (4) the idea of man as a being who, through the awareness of his own mortality, strives for infinity and transcendence. In the author's opinion, the above-mentioned range of ideas, especially in view of their significance for Pascal's philosophy, gives every reason to consider Pascal's doctrine as an important milestone in the development of the philosophico-anthropological worldview, and Pascal himself as a harbinger of philosophical anthropology, in whose thinking these ideas have not yet developed into a system of theoretical foundations of philosophical anthropology as a philosophical discipline.
{"title":"B. Pascal and the philosophico-anthropological worldview","authors":"Hanna Horak","doi":"10.31649/sent01.01.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31649/sent01.01.066","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to clarify the status of Pascal's philosophy in the development of philosophical and anthropological worldview. The philosophico-anthropological worldview/thinking refers to the tendency to consider man as a complex phenomenon and the key subject of philosophical research. This tendency, according to the author, led to the emergence of philosophical anthropology as a philosophical discipline of its kind in the 20th century. The author analyses a number of ideas of Pascal's philosophy for their correspondence to the key postulates of philosophical anthropology: (1) the idea of man as a \"thinking stick\"; (2) the idea of man as a contradictory combination of soul and body, reason and passions, both aspects of which are significant and necessary for a human existence; (3) the idea of man as a being that exists simultaneously in the past, present and future; (4) the idea of man as a being who, through the awareness of his own mortality, strives for infinity and transcendence. In the author's opinion, the above-mentioned range of ideas, especially in view of their significance for Pascal's philosophy, gives every reason to consider Pascal's doctrine as an important milestone in the development of the philosophico-anthropological worldview, and Pascal himself as a harbinger of philosophical anthropology, in whose thinking these ideas have not yet developed into a system of theoretical foundations of philosophical anthropology as a philosophical discipline.","PeriodicalId":37673,"journal":{"name":"Sententiae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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