Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2405
Dmytro Kiosak, Mariia Lobanova
The paper treats the dating of the Sabatynivka group of Cucuteni-Trypillia. The authors compared the sets of radiocarbon dates, which were obtained for the sites of the aspect, analyzed the relative chronology of the Sabatynivka group, and checked their correspondence with the dating of the contemporaneous cultural aspects. This approach helped to establish the synchronism of the Sabatynivka group with the Skelia phase of Seredny Stog culture, Gumelniţa A2 and Cucuteni A3-A4. The sites of the group existed during 44-42 centuries BCE.
{"title":"On the chronology of the Sabatynivka group of the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex (Central Ukraine)","authors":"Dmytro Kiosak, Mariia Lobanova","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2405","url":null,"abstract":"The paper treats the dating of the Sabatynivka group of Cucuteni-Trypillia. The authors compared the sets of radiocarbon dates, which were obtained for the sites of the aspect, analyzed the relative chronology of the Sabatynivka group, and checked their correspondence with the dating of the contemporaneous cultural aspects. This approach helped to establish the synchronism of the Sabatynivka group with the Skelia phase of Seredny Stog culture, Gumelniţa A2 and Cucuteni A3-A4. The sites of the group existed during 44-42 centuries BCE.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48801051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2545
Joanna Pyzel
The Vistula River is the most important river in Polish history and culture. This paper discusses whether this could influence the hypothesis regarding the crucial role of this river for the Early Neolithic colonization of the Polish lowlands. It presents an overview of the Linear Pottery culture settlement on the lower Vistula River. The main sources of information are broad-scale survey programmes, which provide an impressive number of sites, while the extent of large-scale excavations is very limited. This is an important caveat with respect to statements on similarities and differences in occupation between the lowlands and other regions. Nevertheless, according to the present state of research, the lower Vistula region can be regarded as a remote, but important settlement area of the LBK.
{"title":"On the Bandkeramik on the Lower Vistula River","authors":"Joanna Pyzel","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2545","url":null,"abstract":"The Vistula River is the most important river in Polish history and culture. This paper discusses whether this could influence the hypothesis regarding the crucial role of this river for the Early Neolithic colonization of the Polish lowlands. It presents an overview of the Linear Pottery culture settlement on the lower Vistula River. The main sources of information are broad-scale survey programmes, which provide an impressive number of sites, while the extent of large-scale excavations is very limited. This is an important caveat with respect to statements on similarities and differences in occupation between the lowlands and other regions. Nevertheless, according to the present state of research, the lower Vistula region can be regarded as a remote, but important settlement area of the LBK.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45772890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2669
Sławomir Wadyl, J. Karczewski
The precious metals of the early medieval period were the same as those of today. Knowing their purity was essential, which means that assaying and refining were of great importance. Touchstones have been used to assess the quality of precious metals since antiquity. Stone artefacts initially identified as whetstones were unearthed in two of the most prestigious chamber graves discovered at the cemetery in Ciepłe. Traces of precious and non-ferrous metals on the surface of the object from Grave 42 proved that this artefact was a touchstone. It is probable that the phyllite stone from the other grave served the same purpose. Tools of this type are often found in high-prestige burials in Europe, in some cases together with balance scales and weights, which suggests that the individuals in whose graves they were deposited had access to precious metals. Therefore interpreting touchstones as a reliable indicator of the high social standing of the deceased seems entirely reasonable.
{"title":"Touchstones from Early Medieval chamber graves in Ciepłe, Eastern Pomerania","authors":"Sławomir Wadyl, J. Karczewski","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2669","url":null,"abstract":"The precious metals of the early medieval period were the same as those of today. Knowing their purity was essential, which means that assaying and refining were of great importance. Touchstones have been used to assess the quality of precious metals since antiquity. Stone artefacts initially identified as whetstones were unearthed in two of the most prestigious chamber graves discovered at the cemetery in Ciepłe. Traces of precious and non-ferrous metals on the surface of the object from Grave 42 proved that this artefact was a touchstone. It is probable that the phyllite stone from the other grave served the same purpose. Tools of this type are often found in high-prestige burials in Europe, in some cases together with balance scales and weights, which suggests that the individuals in whose graves they were deposited had access to precious metals. Therefore interpreting touchstones as a reliable indicator of the high social standing of the deceased seems entirely reasonable.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2598
Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny
Human burials of the Linear Pottery culture in Poland are not common. The recent discovery in Modlniczka of the first – and thus far the only – LBK cemetery in Poland was therefore a significant one. Presently, there are only 17 other known sites with burials. Thirteen sites are in south-eastern Poland, four in Kuyavia, and one in the Odra River valley. In comparison with other burial sites in Central and Western Europe, the graves of the LBK in Poland do not provide many clues about the funerary customs of this culture. Their small number and the very limited proportion of preserved human remains make it impossible to perform many types of analyses. However, despite the small amount of evidence, we can observe general patterns, which are typical of the entire European LBK – in terms of both settlements and burials.
{"title":"Human burials and funeral rite of the Linear Pottery Culture from Poland area","authors":"Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2598","url":null,"abstract":"Human burials of the Linear Pottery culture in Poland are not common. The recent discovery in Modlniczka of the first – and thus far the only – LBK cemetery in Poland was therefore a significant one. Presently, there are only 17 other known sites with burials. Thirteen sites are in south-eastern Poland, four in Kuyavia, and one in the Odra River valley. In comparison with other burial sites in Central and Western Europe, the graves of the LBK in Poland do not provide many clues about the funerary customs of this culture. Their small number and the very limited proportion of preserved human remains make it impossible to perform many types of analyses. However, despite the small amount of evidence, we can observe general patterns, which are typical of the entire European LBK – in terms of both settlements and burials.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44803432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2551
A. Pelisiak, M. Rybicka
Palynological information preserved in pollen diagrams is of key importance for investigating prehistoric human activity. According to M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, of particular importance for assessing anthropopressure are results of the multidisciplinary research of annually laminated lake sediments carried out in Lake Gościąż and its surroundings in the Gostynin Lake District. In light of the results of human-environment analyses, the environmental disturbances recorded in laminated bottom sediments from Lake Gościąż can be described as reflecting pollen being “an account from afar”. In the analysed case, the pollen fallout may have originated from longer distances, and the recorded transformations of plant assemblages, both with respect to phase 5 and phase 6 from Gościąż, can be attributed to humans inhabiting up to 10 km from Lake Gościąż (e.g. around Lake Białe). On the other hand, the observations made in palynological sites of Białe, Lucieńskie, and Gąsak are well-correlated with the archaeological evidence of human activity. These diagrams reflect nearby activity, as the changes recorded in them correlate distinctly with the intensity of FBC settlement.
{"title":"Settlements and economy of the Funnel Beaker Culture communities. Archaeological and palynological evidence from the annually laminated lake bottom sediments (Gostynin Lake District, central Poland)","authors":"A. Pelisiak, M. Rybicka","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2551","url":null,"abstract":"Palynological information preserved in pollen diagrams is of key importance for investigating prehistoric human activity. According to M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, of particular importance for assessing anthropopressure are results of the multidisciplinary research of annually laminated lake sediments carried out in Lake Gościąż and its surroundings in the Gostynin Lake District. In light of the results of human-environment analyses, the environmental disturbances recorded in laminated bottom sediments from Lake Gościąż can be described as reflecting pollen being “an account from afar”. In the analysed case, the pollen fallout may have originated from longer distances, and the recorded transformations of plant assemblages, both with respect to phase 5 and phase 6 from Gościąż, can be attributed to humans inhabiting up to 10 km from Lake Gościąż (e.g. around Lake Białe). On the other hand, the observations made in palynological sites of Białe, Lucieńskie, and Gąsak are well-correlated with the archaeological evidence of human activity. These diagrams reflect nearby activity, as the changes recorded in them correlate distinctly with the intensity of FBC settlement.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48417066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2558
M. Szeliga, Katarzyna Gawryjołek-Szeliga
This article is an attempt to initially characterize the oldest phase of the LBK in the Lublin region, or more precisely – within its eastern part, where all related discoveries are concentrated. The main point of reference is the inventory discovered in 2011-2012 in Świerszczów (Hrubieszów Basin), which is currently the largest homogenous collection originating from this region, related to the early phase of the LBK. The artefacts described herein, as well as the stylistic differentiation of other similarly dated ceramic inventories from the eastern Lublin region (and from neighbouring Volhynia) currently allow us to distinguish two essential stages of the colonisation of this area in the oldest phase of the Neolithic. The older stage corresponds to the Gniechowice-Milanovce horizon (moderte and ephemeral settlement), and younger (Zofipole style), should be correlated with the Moravian phase Ib, including at least the younger section of its development (sub-phase Ib2).
{"title":"The Earliest phase of the LBK in the Lublin region: New evidence from the Hrubieszów Basin","authors":"M. Szeliga, Katarzyna Gawryjołek-Szeliga","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2558","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to initially characterize the oldest phase of the LBK in the Lublin region, or more precisely – within its eastern part, where all related discoveries are concentrated. The main point of reference is the inventory discovered in 2011-2012 in Świerszczów (Hrubieszów Basin), which is currently the largest homogenous collection originating from this region, related to the early phase of the LBK. The artefacts described herein, as well as the stylistic differentiation of other similarly dated ceramic inventories from the eastern Lublin region (and from neighbouring Volhynia) currently allow us to distinguish two essential stages of the colonisation of this area in the oldest phase of the Neolithic. The older stage corresponds to the Gniechowice-Milanovce horizon (moderte and ephemeral settlement), and younger (Zofipole style), should be correlated with the Moravian phase Ib, including at least the younger section of its development (sub-phase Ib2).","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2605
Dmytro Kiosak, M. Dębiec, Thomas Saile, Stanislav Țerna
The two Linear Pottery culture lithic complexes presented in this paper came from northern Moldova. The Nicolaevca V assemblage was gathered from excavations of a small LBK dwelling, while the Ţâra II collection came from an eight-shaped pit. There was a “deposit” of objects suitable for knapping found in Nicolaevca V. This complex reflects flake-oriented expedient knapping. The Ţâra II complex represents a complicated sequence for obtaining regular blades. The interpretation of their differences is sought in the social organization of Neolithic flint-knapping, in which the Nicolaevca V lithic assemblage supposedly reflects domestic production in a household context, while Ţâra II products could have been involved in the exchange network.
{"title":"Lithic industry of two Linearbandkeramik sites in Moldova (Nicolaevca V and Ţâra II)","authors":"Dmytro Kiosak, M. Dębiec, Thomas Saile, Stanislav Țerna","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.1.2605","url":null,"abstract":"The two Linear Pottery culture lithic complexes presented in this paper came from northern Moldova. The Nicolaevca V assemblage was gathered from excavations of a small LBK dwelling, while the Ţâra II collection came from an eight-shaped pit. There was a “deposit” of objects suitable for knapping found in Nicolaevca V. This complex reflects flake-oriented expedient knapping. The Ţâra II complex represents a complicated sequence for obtaining regular blades. The interpretation of their differences is sought in the social organization of Neolithic flint-knapping, in which the Nicolaevca V lithic assemblage supposedly reflects domestic production in a household context, while Ţâra II products could have been involved in the exchange network.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44766041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2311
N. Kotova, P. Stadler, T. Goslar
The Linear Pottery people in 5670-5000 BC at the Brunn sites in Austria produced birch and beech bark pitches. Big globular vessels and closed high bowls could have been containers for the production and storage of this substance. Miniature vessels with a handle for hanging had contained small portions. Bark pitch as an adhesive for the repair of pottery and in the construction of big idols is also testified, as is the application of this material in decoration of vessels and idols, where bark pitch was a matrix for inlaying with grains or stones and creation of a contrasting black colour in linear ornamentation. Radiocarbon dating of bark pitch now is one of the most reliable materials for age determination of the Neolithic objects.
{"title":"Bark pitch in the Early Neolithic of Central Europe","authors":"N. Kotova, P. Stadler, T. Goslar","doi":"10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/73.2021.2.2311","url":null,"abstract":"The Linear Pottery people in 5670-5000 BC at the Brunn sites in Austria produced birch and beech bark pitches. Big globular vessels and closed high bowls could have been containers for the production and storage of this substance. Miniature vessels with a handle for hanging had contained small portions. Bark pitch as an adhesive for the repair of pottery and in the construction of big idols is also testified, as is the application of this material in decoration of vessels and idols, where bark pitch was a matrix for inlaying with grains or stones and creation of a contrasting black colour in linear ornamentation. Radiocarbon dating of bark pitch now is one of the most reliable materials for age determination of the Neolithic objects.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42457397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.23858/sa/72.2020.2.2302
H. Taras
{"title":"(Review) Katarzyna Trybała-Zawiślak, Wczesna epoka żelaza na terenie Polski południowo-wschodniej – dynamika zmian i relacje kulturowe (The Early Iron Age in south-eastern Poland – dynamics of changes and cultural relations). Rzeszów 2019…","authors":"H. Taras","doi":"10.23858/sa/72.2020.2.2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/72.2020.2.2302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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