Aim: The aim of the study was to provide an updated review on the prevalence and correlates of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, African Journal Online, Africa-Wide Information databases, and Google Scholar for relevant articles was done using a search strategy with key concepts. Studies published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevalence and correlates of DR in SSA were selected. Data on the main study outcomes were extracted into a table based on the study designs. Results: Twenty-seven studies from 12 countries were included. Studies varied in terms of patients’ selection, method of assessing the eye, and retinopathy classification. The reported prevalence range for any DR was 13% to 82.6% and sight-threatening retinopathy 2.1% to 51.4% respectively. Duration of diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure were the most common factors associated with an increased risk of DR. Conclusion: There is no recent population-based prevalence of DR in SSA. The available results are however comparable with recent values reported in Europe, America, Middle East, and North Africa. Urgent structured population-based studies on the prevalence of DR are needed for effective public health interventions.
{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Magnitude and Risk Factors","authors":"E. Achigbu, C. Agweye, K. Achigbu, A. Mbatuegwu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_49_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_49_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to provide an updated review on the prevalence and correlates of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, African Journal Online, Africa-Wide Information databases, and Google Scholar for relevant articles was done using a search strategy with key concepts. Studies published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevalence and correlates of DR in SSA were selected. Data on the main study outcomes were extracted into a table based on the study designs. Results: Twenty-seven studies from 12 countries were included. Studies varied in terms of patients’ selection, method of assessing the eye, and retinopathy classification. The reported prevalence range for any DR was 13% to 82.6% and sight-threatening retinopathy 2.1% to 51.4% respectively. Duration of diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure were the most common factors associated with an increased risk of DR. Conclusion: There is no recent population-based prevalence of DR in SSA. The available results are however comparable with recent values reported in Europe, America, Middle East, and North Africa. Urgent structured population-based studies on the prevalence of DR are needed for effective public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, January – June 2021 Edition","authors":"B. Olusanya","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125472639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine the human and material resources available for primary eye care delivery in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Enugu state. Materials and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional descriptive survey of the health facilities in the area. The location, and distribution of these facilities were determined using the health map of the LGA. At each centre, using a questionnaire, data on human and material resources were obtained. Statistics was performed using Chi-square test for discrete/categorical variables and student t-test for continuous variable. In all comparisons all P values < 0.05 with the associated odds ratios, at 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 119 primary eye care workers (ECW) in Nkanu West LGA out of which 102 participated in the study giving a survey participation rate of 85.7% (102/119). The participants comprised 98 females (96.1%) and 4 males (3.9%), (M: F=1.0:25.0), with a mean age of 33.4 years. The majority of the participants (78.4%) possessed basic qualification of Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW). The health facilities were not evenly distributed in the four health districts. There are 18 PEC facilities, 15(83.3%) stocked some basic drugs used for eye care; none of the centres stocked all the basic drugs. An inventory of equipment for primary eye care delivery in the 18 centres showed that none of the centres had adequate basic equipment. None of the centres had adequate basic material resources for eye care. Conclusion: Human resources were adequate for PEC delivery in the LGA. There were inadequate material resources and uneven distribution of health facilities.
目的:确定在埃努古州Nkanu West地方政府区(LGA)提供初级眼科保健的人力和物力资源。材料和方法:对该地区的卫生设施进行横断面描述性调查。这些设施的位置和分布是根据LGA的健康地图确定的。在每个中心，使用调查表，获得了关于人力和物质资源的数据。对离散/分类变量采用卡方检验，对连续变量采用学生t检验。在所有比较中，所有P值< 0.05及相关比值比，在95%置信区间内被认为具有统计学意义。结果:Nkanu West LGA共有初级眼保健工作者(ECW) 119人，其中102人参与了本研究，调查参与率为85.7%(102/119)。其中女性98人(96.1%)，男性4人(3.9%)，(M: F=1.0:25.0)，平均年龄33.4岁。大多数参与者(78.4%)具有社区卫生推广工作者(CHEW)的基本资格。保健设施在四个保健区的分布并不均匀。有18家专科医院，15家(83.3%)有眼科基本药物储备;没有一个中心备有所有的基本药物。对18个中心提供初级眼科保健的设备进行的清点表明，没有一个中心拥有足够的基本设备。没有一个中心有足够的基本物质资源进行眼科护理。结论:LGA有足够的人力资源进行PEC的实施。物质资源不足，卫生设施分布不均。
{"title":"Assessment of Resources for Primary Eye Care Delivery in a Rural Area, South East Nigeria","authors":"C. Eze, B. Eze, C. Chuka-okosa, N. Okoloagu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the human and material resources available for primary eye care delivery in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Enugu state. Materials and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional descriptive survey of the health facilities in the area. The location, and distribution of these facilities were determined using the health map of the LGA. At each centre, using a questionnaire, data on human and material resources were obtained. Statistics was performed using Chi-square test for discrete/categorical variables and student t-test for continuous variable. In all comparisons all P values < 0.05 with the associated odds ratios, at 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 119 primary eye care workers (ECW) in Nkanu West LGA out of which 102 participated in the study giving a survey participation rate of 85.7% (102/119). The participants comprised 98 females (96.1%) and 4 males (3.9%), (M: F=1.0:25.0), with a mean age of 33.4 years. The majority of the participants (78.4%) possessed basic qualification of Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW). The health facilities were not evenly distributed in the four health districts. There are 18 PEC facilities, 15(83.3%) stocked some basic drugs used for eye care; none of the centres stocked all the basic drugs. An inventory of equipment for primary eye care delivery in the 18 centres showed that none of the centres had adequate basic equipment. None of the centres had adequate basic material resources for eye care. Conclusion: Human resources were adequate for PEC delivery in the LGA. There were inadequate material resources and uneven distribution of health facilities.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Adekoya, S. Abdullahi, Idris Saka, Barbara Ekumankama
{"title":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, July − December 2020 Edition","authors":"B. Adekoya, S. Abdullahi, Idris Saka, Barbara Ekumankama","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_7_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_7_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117264589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the cycloplegic effect of 1% Atropine to 1% cyclopentolate plus 1%Tropicamide (CT) combination in children. Methods: This was a cross-over interventional study among children aged 0–15 years in our eye clinic in year 2017. The children were selected using a stratified sampling method. Each child had a non-cycloplegic refraction then refraction after instillation of a drop of 1% Cyclopentolate and 1% Tropicamide 5 minutes apart in the left eye.Parents were given 1% Atropine drops to be instilled twice daily for three days in the same eye before the return visit 3 weeks after and refraction was repeated. Results: The children were aged between 4 months and 15years with a higher number of females (60.7%). The difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of non-cycloplegic refraction and that for CT combination was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at one hour while the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction with atropine was comparable to that with CT combination. There was no significant difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction done with an auto-refractor and that done by retinoscopy. Conclusion: African children aged 0–15 years should have cycloplegic refraction using retinoscopy or auto-refractor one hour after instilling CT combination as a substitute for 1% Atropine.
{"title":"Cycloplegic Effect of 1% Atropine Compared to 1% Cyclopentolate − 1% Tropicamide Combination in Children","authors":"A. Ayadi, D. Ademola-Popoola, F. Olatunji","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_3_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_3_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the cycloplegic effect of 1% Atropine to 1% cyclopentolate plus 1%Tropicamide (CT) combination in children. Methods: This was a cross-over interventional study among children aged 0–15 years in our eye clinic in year 2017. The children were selected using a stratified sampling method. Each child had a non-cycloplegic refraction then refraction after instillation of a drop of 1% Cyclopentolate and 1% Tropicamide 5 minutes apart in the left eye.Parents were given 1% Atropine drops to be instilled twice daily for three days in the same eye before the return visit 3 weeks after and refraction was repeated. Results: The children were aged between 4 months and 15years with a higher number of females (60.7%). The difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of non-cycloplegic refraction and that for CT combination was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at one hour while the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction with atropine was comparable to that with CT combination. There was no significant difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction done with an auto-refractor and that done by retinoscopy. Conclusion: African children aged 0–15 years should have cycloplegic refraction using retinoscopy or auto-refractor one hour after instilling CT combination as a substitute for 1% Atropine.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134329356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is known to cause a variety of ophthalmic manifestations, of which cranial nerve palsies are rare. They are transient, self-resolving and late complications of the disease in the elderly. A 70 year old female with zosteriform rash on right hemi-face presented with headache and ocular complications of HZO. On examination, limited abduction of right eye, mild ptosis and anisocoria were noted. A diagnosis of HZO complicated by multiple cranial nerve involvement and post-herpetic neuralgia was made and managed with favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of HZO as a cause of cranial nerve palsies in the elderly and a high index of suspicion is required for its management and long-term follow-up.
{"title":"Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus – Rare Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"S. Parija, N. Dash, Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_14_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_14_20","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is known to cause a variety of ophthalmic manifestations, of which cranial nerve palsies are rare. They are transient, self-resolving and late complications of the disease in the elderly. A 70 year old female with zosteriform rash on right hemi-face presented with headache and ocular complications of HZO. On examination, limited abduction of right eye, mild ptosis and anisocoria were noted. A diagnosis of HZO complicated by multiple cranial nerve involvement and post-herpetic neuralgia was made and managed with favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of HZO as a cause of cranial nerve palsies in the elderly and a high index of suspicion is required for its management and long-term follow-up.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134158441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yakoura, M. Moussa, N. Guirou, L. Roufai, M. Boubacar, A. Amza
Authors present two cases of acute loss of vision following severe facial trauma with eye ball luxation. The first case presented a temporal ejected globe with section of optic nerve and all the oculomotor muscles, the second case was incomplete avulsion of the eye to the lid margin with section of the optic nerve. Management was enucleation in the first case and reduction in the second case.
{"title":"Traumatic Eye Ball Luxation: A Report on 2 Cases in Niamey National Hospital in Niger","authors":"A. Yakoura, M. Moussa, N. Guirou, L. Roufai, M. Boubacar, A. Amza","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_15_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_15_20","url":null,"abstract":"Authors present two cases of acute loss of vision following severe facial trauma with eye ball luxation. The first case presented a temporal ejected globe with section of optic nerve and all the oculomotor muscles, the second case was incomplete avulsion of the eye to the lid margin with section of the optic nerve. Management was enucleation in the first case and reduction in the second case.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"46 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sarimiye, O. Olawoye, H. Monye, C. Bekibele, A. Ogundipe A, A. Ashaye
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgeries carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the records of patients who had cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery. Outcomes of interest include change in visual acuity with cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery, time from glaucoma filtering surgery to cataract surgery, change in intraocular pressure control with cataract surgery and glaucoma filtering surgery complications. Paired t-test and Chi-squared tests were carried out for differences in means and categorical data respectively. Results: Thirty-one eyes of 27 patients were evaluated. Mean (SD) age was 56.7 years (15.4). Sixteen (59.3%) patients were males. The median time from glaucoma surgery to cataract surgery was 21 months (6-180 months). The number of eyes with visual acuity > 6/18 increased from four (13%) pre-operatively to 19 (61.3%) post-cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.295) between mean intraocular pressure before surgery (15 mmHg, SD = 5.5) and at last follow-up visit (16.6 mmHg, SD = 7.4). Conclusion: Outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery can be optimized with careful patient selection and meticulous perioperative care.
{"title":"Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Glaucoma Filtering Surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan","authors":"T. Sarimiye, O. Olawoye, H. Monye, C. Bekibele, A. Ogundipe A, A. Ashaye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_27_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_27_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgeries carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the records of patients who had cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery. Outcomes of interest include change in visual acuity with cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery, time from glaucoma filtering surgery to cataract surgery, change in intraocular pressure control with cataract surgery and glaucoma filtering surgery complications. Paired t-test and Chi-squared tests were carried out for differences in means and categorical data respectively. Results: Thirty-one eyes of 27 patients were evaluated. Mean (SD) age was 56.7 years (15.4). Sixteen (59.3%) patients were males. The median time from glaucoma surgery to cataract surgery was 21 months (6-180 months). The number of eyes with visual acuity > 6/18 increased from four (13%) pre-operatively to 19 (61.3%) post-cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.295) between mean intraocular pressure before surgery (15 mmHg, SD = 5.5) and at last follow-up visit (16.6 mmHg, SD = 7.4). Conclusion: Outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery can be optimized with careful patient selection and meticulous perioperative care.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124233822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a dreaded complication of cataract surgery. While the management of endophthalmitis with standard antibiotic combinations often suffice, occasionally some cases are not amenable and require greater astuteness and insight in management. Cases: In the first case, a non-bacterial endophthalmitis was suspected when there was no response to standard antibiotics given twice. The patient responded dramatically to a single dose of intravitreal amphotericin B 5mcg in 0.1ml. However, no laboratory confirmation was obtained, hence diagnosis was based on trial of therapy.The second was a case of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium Endophthalmitis (VRE Endophthalmitis). Diagnosis was made after lack of response to standard intravitreal antibiotics, Amikacin and Amphotericin B. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation was suggestive of a gram-positive organism, but showed no hyphate forms. In the absence of a positive culture, a direct staining of the vitreous smear showed organisms identifiable as Enterococcus feacium. There was a regrowth of the organisms after two vitrectomies, and the organism responded to intravitreal 200 mcg/0.1ml of linezolid, one of the newer oxazo-lidinones. However, final vision was only Hand motion even though the vitreous was largely clear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a residual central serous retinopathy which did not respond to anti-VEGF therapy. Conclusion: Endophthalmitis can be caused by organisms not sensitive to the usual antibiotics. Use can be made of the KOH test and direct smear of vitreous aspirate to assist with diagnosis. Linezolid is effective against Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci but may be associated with central serous retinopathy.
{"title":"Managing Endophthalmitis in Nigeria: Lessons from Two Challenging Cases","authors":"O. Babalola","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_16_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_16_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a dreaded complication of cataract surgery. While the management of endophthalmitis with standard antibiotic combinations often suffice, occasionally some cases are not amenable and require greater astuteness and insight in management. Cases: In the first case, a non-bacterial endophthalmitis was suspected when there was no response to standard antibiotics given twice. The patient responded dramatically to a single dose of intravitreal amphotericin B 5mcg in 0.1ml. However, no laboratory confirmation was obtained, hence diagnosis was based on trial of therapy.The second was a case of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium Endophthalmitis (VRE Endophthalmitis). Diagnosis was made after lack of response to standard intravitreal antibiotics, Amikacin and Amphotericin B. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation was suggestive of a gram-positive organism, but showed no hyphate forms. In the absence of a positive culture, a direct staining of the vitreous smear showed organisms identifiable as Enterococcus feacium. There was a regrowth of the organisms after two vitrectomies, and the organism responded to intravitreal 200 mcg/0.1ml of linezolid, one of the newer oxazo-lidinones. However, final vision was only Hand motion even though the vitreous was largely clear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a residual central serous retinopathy which did not respond to anti-VEGF therapy. Conclusion: Endophthalmitis can be caused by organisms not sensitive to the usual antibiotics. Use can be made of the KOH test and direct smear of vitreous aspirate to assist with diagnosis. Linezolid is effective against Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci but may be associated with central serous retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114856288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The clinical profile of optic neuritis varies in different communities; however, data in Nigerians is scarce. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of optic neuritis in Nigerians presenting at the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Study Setting and Design: A hospital-based retrospective study. Patients and Methods: The records of patients presenting with optic neuritis from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrieved. Information on demographics, clinical presentation and management was obtained. Data collected were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21. Descriptive analyses such as frequencies, median and interquartile range were utilized. Fishers’ Exact test was used to test for association between categorical variables. A P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: Thirty-four patients with optic neuritis were seen among a total of 25,224 new patients giving a proportion of 0.13%. Of the 34 patients with optic neuritis, 10 were males (male to female ratio of 1:2.4). Their ages were from 3 years to 69 years (median age 31.5 years and interquartile range 26). There was unilateral involvement in 23 (67.6%) and ocular pain in 11 (32.4%) patients. Visual acuity of 6/60 or worse at presentation was seen in 33 (73.3%) eyes. Papillitis was seen in 18 (52.9%), retrobulbar neuritis 12 (35.3%) and neuroretinitis 4 (11.8%) patients. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation in all the patients. Conclusion: This study showed that optic neuritis affected more females, was more unilateral, and there was a low incidence of ocular pain. Also, optic disc swelling was a more frequent feature, and there was no association with multiple sclerosis or other etiology at first presentation.
背景:视神经炎的临床特征在不同的社区有所不同;然而，尼日利亚的数据很少。目的:描述在贝宁大学教学医院眼科诊所的尼日利亚人视神经炎的临床概况。研究背景和设计:一项以医院为基础的回顾性研究。患者和方法:检索2009年1月至2019年12月视神经炎患者的记录。获得了人口统计学、临床表现和管理方面的信息。收集的数据用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21进行分析。使用了频率、中位数和四分位数范围等描述性分析。使用fisher精确检验来检验分类变量之间的相关性。p值<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:25224例新发患者中视神经炎34例，占0.13%。34例视神经炎患者中，男性10例(男女比例1:24 .4)。年龄3 ~ 69岁(中位年龄31.5岁，四分位数差26岁)。单侧受累23例(67.6%)，眼部疼痛11例(32.4%)。33只(73.3%)眼的视力在6/60或以下。乳突炎18例(52.9%)，球后神经炎12例(35.3%)，神经视网膜炎4例(11.8%)。所有患者就诊时神经系统检查均正常。结论:视神经炎多见于女性，多为单侧，眼痛发生率低。此外，视盘肿胀是一个更常见的特征，在首次出现时与多发性硬化症或其他病因无关。
{"title":"Clinical Profile of Optic Neuritis in Nigerians: Experience at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"V. Osaguona, D. Oronsaye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The clinical profile of optic neuritis varies in different communities; however, data in Nigerians is scarce. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of optic neuritis in Nigerians presenting at the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Study Setting and Design: A hospital-based retrospective study. Patients and Methods: The records of patients presenting with optic neuritis from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrieved. Information on demographics, clinical presentation and management was obtained. Data collected were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21. Descriptive analyses such as frequencies, median and interquartile range were utilized. Fishers’ Exact test was used to test for association between categorical variables. A P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: Thirty-four patients with optic neuritis were seen among a total of 25,224 new patients giving a proportion of 0.13%. Of the 34 patients with optic neuritis, 10 were males (male to female ratio of 1:2.4). Their ages were from 3 years to 69 years (median age 31.5 years and interquartile range 26). There was unilateral involvement in 23 (67.6%) and ocular pain in 11 (32.4%) patients. Visual acuity of 6/60 or worse at presentation was seen in 33 (73.3%) eyes. Papillitis was seen in 18 (52.9%), retrobulbar neuritis 12 (35.3%) and neuroretinitis 4 (11.8%) patients. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation in all the patients. Conclusion: This study showed that optic neuritis affected more females, was more unilateral, and there was a low incidence of ocular pain. Also, optic disc swelling was a more frequent feature, and there was no association with multiple sclerosis or other etiology at first presentation.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126134053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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