Context: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of blindness in children worldwide. It affects premature children especially when there is sub-optimal neonatal care and no screening and treatment program in place. Nigeria has the third highest number of premature births in the world, but no national program for ROP screening. Aim: To explore the coverage and challenges affecting ROP screening including the perspectives of ophthalmologists and paediatricians. Methods and Material: Mixed methods were used to obtain information in two phases. In the first phase, a Google form was designed and sent to paediatricians and ophthalmologists in Nigeria to find out the coverage of ROP screening and treatment. The second phase involved visiting some large centres to administer a semi-structured questionnaire with some qualitative questions. Statistical Analysis Used: The quantitative responses from the structured questionnaire were also inputted into the excel sheet and presented with charts and maps. Themes in the transcripts were analyzed manually by thematic analysis using deductive reasoning. Results: A total of fifty-nine multispecialty tertiary hospitals were identified. Responses were received from 40 (68%) of them. Forty percent of the centres that responded were doing ROP screening. The challenges include inadequate human and material resources, difficulties with coordination of program and follow up of patients, high work-load in the paediatric eye units for few available specialists, financial constraints on hospital managements and on patients and poor collaboration between ophthalmic and neonatal units. Conclusions: ROP screening/treatment coverage is poor in Nigeria, and is bedeviled by inadequate human and financial resources. More data from screening centres is needed for advocacy to governmental and non-governmental agencies in order to expand ROP screening coverage, and design a program for sustainable and efficient ROP screening in Nigeria.
{"title":"Coverage and Challenges of Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening and Treatment in Nigeria: Perspectives of Ophthalmologists and Paediatricians","authors":"Nwachukwu Kennedy, D. Ademola-Popoola","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_19_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_19_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of blindness in children worldwide. It affects premature children especially when there is sub-optimal neonatal care and no screening and treatment program in place. Nigeria has the third highest number of premature births in the world, but no national program for ROP screening. Aim: To explore the coverage and challenges affecting ROP screening including the perspectives of ophthalmologists and paediatricians. Methods and Material: Mixed methods were used to obtain information in two phases. In the first phase, a Google form was designed and sent to paediatricians and ophthalmologists in Nigeria to find out the coverage of ROP screening and treatment. The second phase involved visiting some large centres to administer a semi-structured questionnaire with some qualitative questions. Statistical Analysis Used: The quantitative responses from the structured questionnaire were also inputted into the excel sheet and presented with charts and maps. Themes in the transcripts were analyzed manually by thematic analysis using deductive reasoning. Results: A total of fifty-nine multispecialty tertiary hospitals were identified. Responses were received from 40 (68%) of them. Forty percent of the centres that responded were doing ROP screening. The challenges include inadequate human and material resources, difficulties with coordination of program and follow up of patients, high work-load in the paediatric eye units for few available specialists, financial constraints on hospital managements and on patients and poor collaboration between ophthalmic and neonatal units. Conclusions: ROP screening/treatment coverage is poor in Nigeria, and is bedeviled by inadequate human and financial resources. More data from screening centres is needed for advocacy to governmental and non-governmental agencies in order to expand ROP screening coverage, and design a program for sustainable and efficient ROP screening in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colobomatous cyst of the eye (microphthalmos with cyst) is a congenital abnormality that consists of a small, malformed eye with a coloboma through which a cystic herniation of glial tissue protrudes into the orbit. The precise causes of a colobomatous cyst are not known and the anomaly is usually detected at birth affecting one or both orbits. We present a 2-year-old girl with right eye swelling since birth. The swelling had been gradually increasing in size with an associated loss of vision in the eye. Examination of the right eye showed an enlarged, well-defined, oval-shaped trans-illuminating cystic mass lesion protruding out of the right orbital cavity with skin covering. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined oval-shaped cystic mass lesion that was hypointense on T1 weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted image protruding out of the right orbital cavity. The ipsilateral globe was microphthalmic, and was displaced, and compressed posteriorly by the cystic mass lesion. The remaining orbital structures, including the optic nerve, were also compressed and difficult to visualize. Based on the clinical and radiological features, a diagnosis of orbital colobomatous cyst was established. She had enucleation with total lesion excision for treatment. This case is reported because of its rarity and associated developmental anomalies. Its management in the African setting is challenging, but feasible with early patient presentation and improved health facilities.
{"title":"Congenital Right Orbital Colobomatous Cyst Associated With Microphthalmos in a 2-Year-Old Girl","authors":"U. Bello, Oyewole Abdulfatai","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_10_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_10_20","url":null,"abstract":"Colobomatous cyst of the eye (microphthalmos with cyst) is a congenital abnormality that consists of a small, malformed eye with a coloboma through which a cystic herniation of glial tissue protrudes into the orbit. The precise causes of a colobomatous cyst are not known and the anomaly is usually detected at birth affecting one or both orbits. We present a 2-year-old girl with right eye swelling since birth. The swelling had been gradually increasing in size with an associated loss of vision in the eye. Examination of the right eye showed an enlarged, well-defined, oval-shaped trans-illuminating cystic mass lesion protruding out of the right orbital cavity with skin covering. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined oval-shaped cystic mass lesion that was hypointense on T1 weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted image protruding out of the right orbital cavity. The ipsilateral globe was microphthalmic, and was displaced, and compressed posteriorly by the cystic mass lesion. The remaining orbital structures, including the optic nerve, were also compressed and difficult to visualize. Based on the clinical and radiological features, a diagnosis of orbital colobomatous cyst was established. She had enucleation with total lesion excision for treatment. This case is reported because of its rarity and associated developmental anomalies. Its management in the African setting is challenging, but feasible with early patient presentation and improved health facilities.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125507918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vision-Related Quality of Life Assessment of Patients Attending a Geriatric Centre in South-West Nigeria","authors":"O. Majekodunmi, O. Ogun, O. Ayorinde","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_9_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_9_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125802660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To determine surgical efficacy of 21G needle-assisted pterygium excision. Method: A pictorial review of pterygia excised at different levels of maturity and diverse clinical history using a 21G hypodermic needle and a colibri. Ten pterygia were excised of which grade 3 were six and grade 2 were four. Nine cases were primary pterygia and a case was recurrent. The author was the only surgeon. Result: Cases reviewed showed minimal or no residual pterygial tissues post-operatively. Pterygial beds had smooth corneal optical surfaces, there were no perforations or undue corneal “guttering” from irregular cuts, no exuberant tissue formation like pyogenic granuloma or recurrence at 6 weeks of follow-up. Overall, slit lamp images were comparable with conventional “grab and cut” with surgical blade or scissors. Conclusion: 21G Needle-Assisted Pterygium (21-GNAP) excision is cheap, safe, and easy-to-learn new modality of excising all forms of pterygial and ocular surface masses.
{"title":"21G Needle-Assisted Pterygium Excision (21-GNAP): A Novel Safe Approach","authors":"E. Megbelayin","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_8_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_8_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine surgical efficacy of 21G needle-assisted pterygium excision. Method: A pictorial review of pterygia excised at different levels of maturity and diverse clinical history using a 21G hypodermic needle and a colibri. Ten pterygia were excised of which grade 3 were six and grade 2 were four. Nine cases were primary pterygia and a case was recurrent. The author was the only surgeon. Result: Cases reviewed showed minimal or no residual pterygial tissues post-operatively. Pterygial beds had smooth corneal optical surfaces, there were no perforations or undue corneal “guttering” from irregular cuts, no exuberant tissue formation like pyogenic granuloma or recurrence at 6 weeks of follow-up. Overall, slit lamp images were comparable with conventional “grab and cut” with surgical blade or scissors. Conclusion: 21G Needle-Assisted Pterygium (21-GNAP) excision is cheap, safe, and easy-to-learn new modality of excising all forms of pterygial and ocular surface masses.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To describe the hospital incidence and pattern of ocular and adnexal cancers at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha. Materials and Methods: The case files of all new patients seen with ocular and adnexal tumors at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha, between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. Those with histological diagnosis of malignancy were selected and analyzed. Information obtained included age, sex, disease duration, diagnosis and co-morbidity. Results: There were 85 patients (0.1% of all the new patients), made up of 42 males and 43 females. The median age was 5 years; range: 5 months–70 years. The commonest cancers were retinoblastoma, 45 patients (52.9%) and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, 30 (35.3%). Twenty eight (93.3%) squamous cell carcinoma patients were HIV-positive. No child had squamous cell carcinoma. All retinoblastoma patients were aged ≤6 years. Conclusions: The incidence of ocular and adnexal cancers at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha, was low with retinoblastoma and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma accounting for most of the cancers. While retinoblastoma would most likely be suspected in a child with ocular tumor, young adults with squamous cell carcinoma should be evaluated for HIV infection. Since these lesions threaten sight and life, the public should be educated on the early signs of the diseases and the need to report to hospital early.
{"title":"Eye Cancers at the Guinness Eye Center Onitsha, Nigeria","authors":"S. Nwosu, Chinasa Nnubia, C. Akudinobi","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_22_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_22_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe the hospital incidence and pattern of ocular and adnexal cancers at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha. Materials and Methods: The case files of all new patients seen with ocular and adnexal tumors at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha, between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. Those with histological diagnosis of malignancy were selected and analyzed. Information obtained included age, sex, disease duration, diagnosis and co-morbidity. Results: There were 85 patients (0.1% of all the new patients), made up of 42 males and 43 females. The median age was 5 years; range: 5 months–70 years. The commonest cancers were retinoblastoma, 45 patients (52.9%) and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, 30 (35.3%). Twenty eight (93.3%) squamous cell carcinoma patients were HIV-positive. No child had squamous cell carcinoma. All retinoblastoma patients were aged ≤6 years. Conclusions: The incidence of ocular and adnexal cancers at the Guinness Eye Center, Onitsha, was low with retinoblastoma and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma accounting for most of the cancers. While retinoblastoma would most likely be suspected in a child with ocular tumor, young adults with squamous cell carcinoma should be evaluated for HIV infection. Since these lesions threaten sight and life, the public should be educated on the early signs of the diseases and the need to report to hospital early.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"159 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128931288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bekibele, C. Pedro-Egbe, O. Fasina, Festus Oshoba, T. Oluleye
{"title":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, January − June 2020 Edition","authors":"C. Bekibele, C. Pedro-Egbe, O. Fasina, Festus Oshoba, T. Oluleye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_28_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_28_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128179636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification have been reported in the past few years following intraocular injection of gas or air in corneal and vitreoretinal surgery. The opacity can be associated with severe reduction in patients’ quality of vision which might necessitate IOL exchange. We report a short case series, an observational study, of IOL opacification following three cases of intracameral air injection in endothelial keratoplasty (EK), a triple procedure (cataract surgery with EK) and Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) repair post cataract surgery.
{"title":"Intraocular Lens Opacification Post Intracameral Air Injection","authors":"Manisha Singh, N. Patel, Umang Mathur","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_15_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_15_19","url":null,"abstract":"Several cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification have been reported in the past few years following intraocular injection of gas or air in corneal and vitreoretinal surgery. The opacity can be associated with severe reduction in patients’ quality of vision which might necessitate IOL exchange. We report a short case series, an observational study, of IOL opacification following three cases of intracameral air injection in endothelial keratoplasty (EK), a triple procedure (cataract surgery with EK) and Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) repair post cataract surgery.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123628785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context:Corneal epithelial defect cause pain that leads to significant subjective complain, severe morbidity, and medical leave. Management of uncomplicated corneal epithelial defect using bandage contact lens (BCL) has many advantages compare to the pressure patching (traditional treatment). The use of BCL as an alternative therapy in uncomplicated epithelial defect is not yet declare as a standard protocol of treatment. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of bandage contact lens use in patients with corneal epithelial defect compared to pressure patching in term of level of comfort, visual acquity, and wound healing period. Methods and Material: The literature search was conducted from online database. All relevant studies were reviewed based on Level of Evidence developed by Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence 2011. The articles were divided into baseline characteristics and outcomes table. Details regarding the author, year of publication, level of evidence, number of samples, age, gender, follow up duration were recorded. Results: Six out of seven studies concluded that BCL is the better treatment for corneal abrasion due to trauma or related to ocular surface surgery. Four systematic reviews did not recommend pressure patching as corneal epithelial defect treatment. Conclusions: BCL was found to be superior in treating corneal abrasion compared to pressure patching. The BCL group showed significantly faster healing time, pain level reduction, and epithelial defect size reduction compare to the pressure patching group.
{"title":"The Use of Bandage Contact Lens for Epithelial Healing in Corneal Epithelial Defect","authors":"Miratasya Zulkarnaen, Umar Mardianto","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_24_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_24_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context:Corneal epithelial defect cause pain that leads to significant subjective complain, severe morbidity, and medical leave. Management of uncomplicated corneal epithelial defect using bandage contact lens (BCL) has many advantages compare to the pressure patching (traditional treatment). The use of BCL as an alternative therapy in uncomplicated epithelial defect is not yet declare as a standard protocol of treatment. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of bandage contact lens use in patients with corneal epithelial defect compared to pressure patching in term of level of comfort, visual acquity, and wound healing period. Methods and Material: The literature search was conducted from online database. All relevant studies were reviewed based on Level of Evidence developed by Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence 2011. The articles were divided into baseline characteristics and outcomes table. Details regarding the author, year of publication, level of evidence, number of samples, age, gender, follow up duration were recorded. Results: Six out of seven studies concluded that BCL is the better treatment for corneal abrasion due to trauma or related to ocular surface surgery. Four systematic reviews did not recommend pressure patching as corneal epithelial defect treatment. Conclusions: BCL was found to be superior in treating corneal abrasion compared to pressure patching. The BCL group showed significantly faster healing time, pain level reduction, and epithelial defect size reduction compare to the pressure patching group.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128639577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To evaluate the demographic profile, aetiology, systemic and ocular associations and findings on neuroimaging, of children with cortical visual impairment (CVI) at a tertiary eye hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: Records of 85 children with CVI, undertaking visual stimulation therapy (VST), were retrospectively analysed between March 2016 and March 2018. The data obtained was analysed for the age and gender profile, aetiology, cycloplegic refraction, fundus evaluation, MRI findings, pre and post visual stimulation therapy vision. Other associated ocular and neurological abnormalities were also noted. Results: The records of 63 boys and 22 girls were analysed. The mean age was 1.93 years with 58.8% aged <2 years were analysed. Hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was found to be the most common aetiology (31.7%), followed by epilepsy (27%) and structural abnormalities of brain (24.7%). Amongst the ocular associations, refractive error was the most common, seen in 42 (49.4%) children, while strabismus (exotropia>esotropia) in 40 (47%), nystagmus in 34 (40%) while pale disc in 31 (36.5%) patients. Fifty-five(64.7%) children had associated developmental delay, while 40 (47%) had seizures. Other neurological associations noted were, cerebral palsy (14.1%), microcephaly (14.1%), hearing loss in 5 and hemiparesis in 1 patient. MRI abnormalities were present in 65 (76.4%), with ischemic encephalopathy (32.9%) being the most common change noted. Conclusion: In our study cohort, HIE was found to be the most common cause of CVI, with refractive error and strabismus being the common ocular associations, while seizures and developmental delay were the common neurological associations. Neuroimaging showed that the structural insult was at both the cortical and white matter levels.
{"title":"Cortical Visual Impairment in Children − Aetiology, Clinical Findings and Neurological Findings","authors":"S. Murthy, P. Sudhakar","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_1_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_1_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the demographic profile, aetiology, systemic and ocular associations and findings on neuroimaging, of children with cortical visual impairment (CVI) at a tertiary eye hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: Records of 85 children with CVI, undertaking visual stimulation therapy (VST), were retrospectively analysed between March 2016 and March 2018. The data obtained was analysed for the age and gender profile, aetiology, cycloplegic refraction, fundus evaluation, MRI findings, pre and post visual stimulation therapy vision. Other associated ocular and neurological abnormalities were also noted. Results: The records of 63 boys and 22 girls were analysed. The mean age was 1.93 years with 58.8% aged <2 years were analysed. Hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was found to be the most common aetiology (31.7%), followed by epilepsy (27%) and structural abnormalities of brain (24.7%). Amongst the ocular associations, refractive error was the most common, seen in 42 (49.4%) children, while strabismus (exotropia>esotropia) in 40 (47%), nystagmus in 34 (40%) while pale disc in 31 (36.5%) patients. Fifty-five(64.7%) children had associated developmental delay, while 40 (47%) had seizures. Other neurological associations noted were, cerebral palsy (14.1%), microcephaly (14.1%), hearing loss in 5 and hemiparesis in 1 patient. MRI abnormalities were present in 65 (76.4%), with ischemic encephalopathy (32.9%) being the most common change noted. Conclusion: In our study cohort, HIE was found to be the most common cause of CVI, with refractive error and strabismus being the common ocular associations, while seizures and developmental delay were the common neurological associations. Neuroimaging showed that the structural insult was at both the cortical and white matter levels.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128842175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Lacrimal drainage system obstruction gives discomfort to patients and threatens intraocular surgeries by infection, thus, knowledge of its bacteriology leads to the choice of effective therapy. Aim: To determine the bacteriology of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in an adult Libyan patient population and to analyze the appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility testing. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted at the Great River Eye hospital, Benghazi/Libya in the period between September 2005 and February 2007. Methods: Lacrimal swab materials collected from patients aged 18–62 years who were diagnosed as having lacrimal passage obstruction and referred for lacrimal drainage surgery. The specimens were cultured and results analyzed. Results: Of 86 cases, 87.2% yielded a positive culture result. The majority of microorganisms were gram positive bacteria (73.3%) with Staphylococcus Aureus being the most frequently cultured species (36%) of the sample. Gram negative bacteria represented 26.7% of the isolates. The most common gram negative bacteria were Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and E. coli which were isolated in 8% of the cases each. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 28.6% of cases having epiphora with no clinical signs of lacrimal drainage system infection. Ciprofloxacin (96%) and Gentamycin (94.7%) were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics against isolated organisms. Conclusions: Adult patients with lacrimal drainage system obstruction harbor microorganisms in their lacrimal sacs indicating the importance of investigating patients before planning for intraocular surgeries and considering prophylactic use of antibiotics before lacrimal drainage procedures.
{"title":"Bacteriology of Lacrimal Drainage System Following Obstruction of the Nasolacrimal Duct in a Reference Population","authors":"El-Said Metmoah, S. Bukhatwa, Sabah S Eldressi","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_21_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_21_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Lacrimal drainage system obstruction gives discomfort to patients and threatens intraocular surgeries by infection, thus, knowledge of its bacteriology leads to the choice of effective therapy. Aim: To determine the bacteriology of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in an adult Libyan patient population and to analyze the appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility testing. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted at the Great River Eye hospital, Benghazi/Libya in the period between September 2005 and February 2007. Methods: Lacrimal swab materials collected from patients aged 18–62 years who were diagnosed as having lacrimal passage obstruction and referred for lacrimal drainage surgery. The specimens were cultured and results analyzed. Results: Of 86 cases, 87.2% yielded a positive culture result. The majority of microorganisms were gram positive bacteria (73.3%) with Staphylococcus Aureus being the most frequently cultured species (36%) of the sample. Gram negative bacteria represented 26.7% of the isolates. The most common gram negative bacteria were Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and E. coli which were isolated in 8% of the cases each. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 28.6% of cases having epiphora with no clinical signs of lacrimal drainage system infection. Ciprofloxacin (96%) and Gentamycin (94.7%) were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics against isolated organisms. Conclusions: Adult patients with lacrimal drainage system obstruction harbor microorganisms in their lacrimal sacs indicating the importance of investigating patients before planning for intraocular surgeries and considering prophylactic use of antibiotics before lacrimal drainage procedures.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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