Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the orbit is a very rare neoplasm with an uncertain histogenesis. The tumor has an indolent clinical course that requires close and long-term follow-up due to late recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is the primary treatment option with adjunct radiotherapy. Case Report: We present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a 5-year history of progressive left eye swelling and loss of vision. He underwent left eye exenteration and histology diagnosed ASPS of the orbit. Conclusion: Orbital ASPS is an uncommon soft tissue tumor. Its prognosis is determined by patient’s age, tumor size, and presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Close and long-term monitoring of the patient is required as recurrence is known to occur up to 10 years after treatment.
{"title":"Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Orbit: A Clinicopathological Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature","authors":"Z. Musa, B. Askira, A. Zarami, U. Pindiga","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_24_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_24_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the orbit is a very rare neoplasm with an uncertain histogenesis. The tumor has an indolent clinical course that requires close and long-term follow-up due to late recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is the primary treatment option with adjunct radiotherapy. Case Report: We present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a 5-year history of progressive left eye swelling and loss of vision. He underwent left eye exenteration and histology diagnosed ASPS of the orbit. Conclusion: Orbital ASPS is an uncommon soft tissue tumor. Its prognosis is determined by patient’s age, tumor size, and presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Close and long-term monitoring of the patient is required as recurrence is known to occur up to 10 years after treatment.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115405466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Optimal postoperative vision can be achieved through a low surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), which is closely related to the site of incisions. Studies showed that temporal incision gives low SIA. However, a temporal incision is not convenient for some surgeons and in a small operating room with a limited number of assistants. These limitations can be overcome by using a superior approach. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate SIA after phacoemulsification with clear corneal incision using superior approach in different kinds of astigmatism as an alternative site of incision. Settings and Design: Medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery were collected retrospectively between April and August 2017. Appropriate statistical analyses using Kruskal–Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Games-Howell test were done to assess the effect of superior approach on corneal curvature and whether it varies between different kinds of astigmatism. Results: Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there was no significant postoperative power change across different astigmatism groups (χ2 (2) = 0.805, P = 0.669). ANOVA and Games-Howell test show that oblique astigmatism had higher changes to its curvature compared with against the rule or with the rule astigmatism. Conclusions: The average SIA from the study was 0.34 diopter. Our study concludes that there is no statistically significant difference to SIA between three groups of astigmatism when they were operated using superior approach.
背景:低手术性散光(SIA)可以获得最佳的术后视力，而SIA与切口位置密切相关。研究表明颞叶切口的SIA较低。然而，对于一些外科医生来说，颞部切口并不方便，而且在一个小的手术室里，助手数量有限。这些限制可以通过使用更好的方法来克服。目的:本研究的目的是评价在不同类型散光情况下，采用上入路角膜透明切口超声乳化术后的SIA。设置与设计:回顾性收集2017年4月至8月期间接受白内障手术患者的医疗记录。采用Kruskal-Wallis、方差分析(ANOVA)、Games-Howell检验进行统计分析，评估优入路对角膜曲度的影响，以及不同散光类型之间是否存在差异。结果:Kruskal-Wallis检验显示，不同散光组术后度数无明显变化(χ2 (2) = 0.805, P = 0.669)。方差分析和Games-Howell检验表明，斜像散的曲率变化比不照准或照准像散的曲率变化更大。结论:本研究的平均SIA为0.34屈光度。我们的研究结论是，三组散光在采用优越入路手术时SIA无统计学差异。
{"title":"Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification with Clear Corneal 2.75 mm Incision Using Superior Approach","authors":"A. Amita, L. Djunaedi, Angelo Doniho, A. Halim","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_35_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_35_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Optimal postoperative vision can be achieved through a low surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), which is closely related to the site of incisions. Studies showed that temporal incision gives low SIA. However, a temporal incision is not convenient for some surgeons and in a small operating room with a limited number of assistants. These limitations can be overcome by using a superior approach. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate SIA after phacoemulsification with clear corneal incision using superior approach in different kinds of astigmatism as an alternative site of incision. Settings and Design: Medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery were collected retrospectively between April and August 2017. Appropriate statistical analyses using Kruskal–Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Games-Howell test were done to assess the effect of superior approach on corneal curvature and whether it varies between different kinds of astigmatism. Results: Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there was no significant postoperative power change across different astigmatism groups (χ2 (2) = 0.805, P = 0.669). ANOVA and Games-Howell test show that oblique astigmatism had higher changes to its curvature compared with against the rule or with the rule astigmatism. Conclusions: The average SIA from the study was 0.34 diopter. Our study concludes that there is no statistically significant difference to SIA between three groups of astigmatism when they were operated using superior approach.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134520707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An 18-year-old male student presented with a 1 month history of poor vision in the right eye. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of hand movement and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Inflammatory cells were present in the anterior chamber of the right eye. Fundus examination revealed a right exudative retinal detachment with a tuberculoma in the superotemporal quadrant, whereas the left eye was normal. There was a positive history of contact with a relative with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was treated with a combination of antituberculous therapy and oral corticosteroids for 6 months following which the lesion resolved completely with full recovery of vision to 20/20 in the right eye.
{"title":"Choroidal Tuberculoma Presenting with Exudative Retinal Detachment in a Young Male: A Case Report","authors":"Y. Babalola, S. Basu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_18_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_18_20","url":null,"abstract":"An 18-year-old male student presented with a 1 month history of poor vision in the right eye. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of hand movement and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Inflammatory cells were present in the anterior chamber of the right eye. Fundus examination revealed a right exudative retinal detachment with a tuberculoma in the superotemporal quadrant, whereas the left eye was normal. There was a positive history of contact with a relative with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was treated with a combination of antituberculous therapy and oral corticosteroids for 6 months following which the lesion resolved completely with full recovery of vision to 20/20 in the right eye.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126312435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kizor-Akaraiwe, N. Uche, J. Shiweobi, E. Ezeanosike, C. Ezisi
Purpose: This study sought to find out the effect of the COVID-19 partial lockdown on adherence to glaucoma follow-up appointments and associated factors in a multispecialist eye care facility in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of glaucoma patients who were booked for follow-up appointment and those who attended follow-up clinic at The Eye Specialists Hospital (TESH), Enugu, Nigeria before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The hospital records of glaucoma appointments and visits in April 2019 and April 2020, corresponding to “before” and “during” COVID-19 lockdown, respectively, were used to collect information on visits to glaucoma clinic (with/without appointments). The primary outcome measure of this study was difference in adherence to follow-up appointments while the secondary outcome measure was the total glaucoma visits before and during the pandemic lockdown. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: Follow-up rate was not significantly different before (34.6%) and during (35.7%) the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.85). A total of 156 and 121 glaucoma visits were recorded before and during COVID-19 lockdown, respectively (P = 0.049). Patients within age group 60 to 80 years, males and persons with advanced glaucoma visited clinic more before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Severity of glaucoma was significantly associated with more visits during the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.023). Conclusion: In TESH, Enugu, Nigeria, the COVID-19 partial lockdown affected total number of glaucoma visits but not adherence to follow-up appointments. Understanding the need for glaucoma follow-up checks and fear of blindness likely helps adherence to appointments.
{"title":"Glaucoma follow-up care in the face of COVID-19 pandemic in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"N. Kizor-Akaraiwe, N. Uche, J. Shiweobi, E. Ezeanosike, C. Ezisi","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_30_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_30_20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study sought to find out the effect of the COVID-19 partial lockdown on adherence to glaucoma follow-up appointments and associated factors in a multispecialist eye care facility in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of glaucoma patients who were booked for follow-up appointment and those who attended follow-up clinic at The Eye Specialists Hospital (TESH), Enugu, Nigeria before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The hospital records of glaucoma appointments and visits in April 2019 and April 2020, corresponding to “before” and “during” COVID-19 lockdown, respectively, were used to collect information on visits to glaucoma clinic (with/without appointments). The primary outcome measure of this study was difference in adherence to follow-up appointments while the secondary outcome measure was the total glaucoma visits before and during the pandemic lockdown. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: Follow-up rate was not significantly different before (34.6%) and during (35.7%) the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.85). A total of 156 and 121 glaucoma visits were recorded before and during COVID-19 lockdown, respectively (P = 0.049). Patients within age group 60 to 80 years, males and persons with advanced glaucoma visited clinic more before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Severity of glaucoma was significantly associated with more visits during the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.023). Conclusion: In TESH, Enugu, Nigeria, the COVID-19 partial lockdown affected total number of glaucoma visits but not adherence to follow-up appointments. Understanding the need for glaucoma follow-up checks and fear of blindness likely helps adherence to appointments.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131675465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Long term use of preservative-containing medications has been associated with the development or worsening of ocular surface disease (OSD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OSD in glaucoma patients on long-term antiglaucoma medications. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 208 respondents using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer 1 test. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: The prevalence of OSD was higher in those on antiglaucoma medication using all modalities of assessment. Prevalence of OSD in glaucoma patients on antiglaucoma drugs was highest using TBUT- 69.2% (P = 0.031), with OSDI questionnaire it was 62.5% (P = 0.005), and it was lowest for Schirmer 1 test - 59.6%. For those nonglaucoma cases/not on any antiglaucoma medication, the prevalence using TBUT was 42.3%, using OSDI it was 16.3%, and with Schirmer 1 test it was 25.9%. Prevalence also increased with the increase in the number of eye drops from 1 to 2 drops/day using all modalities of assessment (P = 0.004). Using multivariate analysis, adjusting for sex and age, subjects who instilled 2 drops/day had four to five times the odds of having OSD. Conclusion: The prevalence of OSD is higher in patients with glaucoma on topical antiglaucoma medication than the nonglaucoma population studied and this increased with the increase in number of drops per day.
目的:长期使用含防腐剂的药物与眼表疾病(OSD)的发生或恶化有关。本研究旨在确定长期服用抗青光眼药物的青光眼患者中OSD的患病率。方法:采用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷、泪液破裂时间(TBUT)和Schirmer 1检验对208名受访患者进行横断面医院调查。数据分析使用Statistical Package for Social Science version 22.0 (SPSS Inc .， Chicago, Illinois, USA)。结果:使用各种评估方式的抗青光眼药物的患者中OSD的患病率较高。使用抗青光眼药物的青光眼患者中，TBUT组OSD患病率最高，为69.2% (P = 0.031)， OSDI问卷组OSD患病率为62.5% (P = 0.005)， Schirmer 1试验组OSD患病率最低，为59.6%。非青光眼患者/未使用任何抗青光眼药物的患者，TBUT患病率为42.3%，OSDI患病率为16.3%，Schirmer 1试验患病率为25.9%。使用所有评估方式，随着滴眼液次数从每天1滴增加到每天2滴，患病率也增加(P = 0.004)。通过多变量分析，调整性别和年龄，每天滴注2滴的受试者患OSD的几率是4到5倍。结论:局部使用抗青光眼药物的青光眼患者的OSD患病率高于非青光眼患者，并且随着每天滴药次数的增加而增加。
{"title":"Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Patients on Long-Term Antiglaucoma Medications","authors":"E. Abraham, I. Udofia","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_25_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_25_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Long term use of preservative-containing medications has been associated with the development or worsening of ocular surface disease (OSD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OSD in glaucoma patients on long-term antiglaucoma medications. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 208 respondents using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer 1 test. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: The prevalence of OSD was higher in those on antiglaucoma medication using all modalities of assessment. Prevalence of OSD in glaucoma patients on antiglaucoma drugs was highest using TBUT- 69.2% (P = 0.031), with OSDI questionnaire it was 62.5% (P = 0.005), and it was lowest for Schirmer 1 test - 59.6%. For those nonglaucoma cases/not on any antiglaucoma medication, the prevalence using TBUT was 42.3%, using OSDI it was 16.3%, and with Schirmer 1 test it was 25.9%. Prevalence also increased with the increase in the number of eye drops from 1 to 2 drops/day using all modalities of assessment (P = 0.004). Using multivariate analysis, adjusting for sex and age, subjects who instilled 2 drops/day had four to five times the odds of having OSD. Conclusion: The prevalence of OSD is higher in patients with glaucoma on topical antiglaucoma medication than the nonglaucoma population studied and this increased with the increase in number of drops per day.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130955625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dagmawit Kifle, Aemero Abateneh, S. Bekele, Tsedeke Asaminewu, M. Sinaga
Introduction Eye involvement is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. Regarding our study area, there is no previous study done on the prevalence of thyroid eye disease among goiter patients. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 211 patients seen in Jimma University Medical Center surgical referral clinic from April to July 2018. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable regression analysis to control the confounding variables. Results: Two hundred eleven goiter patients presented for care at JUMC surgical referral clinic over the 3 months study period; 57 (27%) of them were found to have thyroid eye disease. Lid retraction (40; 19%) was the most frequently observed sign of thyroid eye disease, whereas proptosis was found only in one case and no exposure to keratopathy or dysthyroid optic neuropathy was found. The factors that had statistically significant association with the prevalence of thyroid eye disease were thyroid dysfunction [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.781, (95% CI, 1.362–5.678) P = 0.005], smoking [AOR = 6.391, (95% CI, 1.868–21.860) P = 0.003], high blood pressure [AOR = 2.062, (95% CI, 1.001–4.251] P = 0.050] and high pulse rate [AOR=2.277 (95% CI, 1.003–5.167) P = 0.049]. Conclusion: Thyroid eye disease among goiter patients is common and many patients are followed up for goiter.
眼部受累是Graves病最常见的甲状腺外表现。关于我们的研究领域，以前没有关于甲状腺肿患者甲状腺眼病患病率的研究。方法:对2018年4 - 7月在吉马岛大学医学中心外科转诊门诊就诊的211例患者进行机构横断面研究。将收集到的数据进行编码，录入Epi数据3.1版，使用SPSS 20版进行分析。双变量分析中p值小于0.25的变量被输入到多变量回归分析中，以控制混杂变量。结果:在3个月的研究期间，有211例甲状腺肿患者在JUMC外科转诊诊所就诊;其中57例(27%)患有甲状腺眼病。眼睑收缩(40;19%)是甲状腺眼病最常见的症状，而突出仅在1例中发现，未发现角膜病变或甲状腺功能障碍视神经病变。与甲状腺眼病患病率有统计学意义相关的因素有甲状腺功能障碍[调整优势比(AOR) = 2.781， (95% CI, 1.362 ~ 5.678) P = 0.005]、吸烟[AOR= 6.391， (95% CI, 1.868 ~ 21.860) P = 0.003]、高血压[AOR= 2.062， (95% CI, 1.001 ~ 4.251) P = 0.050]、高脉搏率[AOR=2.277 (95% CI, 1.003 ~ 5.167) P = 0.049]。结论:甲状腺肿患者中甲状腺眼病较为常见，且随访较多。
{"title":"Clinical Features and Associated Risk Factors for Thyroid Eye Disease Among Goiter Patients Who Attended Jimma University Medical Center Surgical Referral Clinic, Jimma Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Dagmawit Kifle, Aemero Abateneh, S. Bekele, Tsedeke Asaminewu, M. Sinaga","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_21_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_21_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Eye involvement is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. Regarding our study area, there is no previous study done on the prevalence of thyroid eye disease among goiter patients. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 211 patients seen in Jimma University Medical Center surgical referral clinic from April to July 2018. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable regression analysis to control the confounding variables. Results: Two hundred eleven goiter patients presented for care at JUMC surgical referral clinic over the 3 months study period; 57 (27%) of them were found to have thyroid eye disease. Lid retraction (40; 19%) was the most frequently observed sign of thyroid eye disease, whereas proptosis was found only in one case and no exposure to keratopathy or dysthyroid optic neuropathy was found. The factors that had statistically significant association with the prevalence of thyroid eye disease were thyroid dysfunction [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.781, (95% CI, 1.362–5.678) P = 0.005], smoking [AOR = 6.391, (95% CI, 1.868–21.860) P = 0.003], high blood pressure [AOR = 2.062, (95% CI, 1.001–4.251] P = 0.050] and high pulse rate [AOR=2.277 (95% CI, 1.003–5.167) P = 0.049]. Conclusion: Thyroid eye disease among goiter patients is common and many patients are followed up for goiter.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mbatuegwu, E. Achigbu, Chidi Mbatuegwu, F. Nkwogu, A. Omoti
Context: Glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria. Studies have shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. The true IOP of an individual, in turn, is determined by the central corneal thickness (CCT). Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between IOP and CCT among nonglaucoma patients in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, analytical study done on nonglaucomatous patients aged 18 years and above. A comprehensive ocular examination was carried out for all participants and IOP was measured between 8 am and 12 noon to reduce the effect of diurnal variations. Results: Four hundred and twenty-two subjects with a mean age of 40.34 ± 14.468 years and a female to male ratio of 1.7:1 participated. The mean measured IOP was 16.77 ± 4.37 mmHg, and the mean CCT was 533.05 ± 33.92 μm. The mean corrected IOP was 17.61 ± 4.57 mmHg indicating a pattern of falsely low IOP. There was a positive, statistically significant correlation between IOP and CCT (P = 0.045). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between IOP and CCT with the resultant effect that thin corneas presented with falsely low IOP and thick corneas with falsely high IOP. Routine CCT measurement in addition to IOP measurement should be done on every patient.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Among Nonglaucoma Patients in a General Ophthalmology Clinic, South East Nigeria","authors":"A. Mbatuegwu, E. Achigbu, Chidi Mbatuegwu, F. Nkwogu, A. Omoti","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria. Studies have shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. The true IOP of an individual, in turn, is determined by the central corneal thickness (CCT). Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between IOP and CCT among nonglaucoma patients in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, analytical study done on nonglaucomatous patients aged 18 years and above. A comprehensive ocular examination was carried out for all participants and IOP was measured between 8 am and 12 noon to reduce the effect of diurnal variations. Results: Four hundred and twenty-two subjects with a mean age of 40.34 ± 14.468 years and a female to male ratio of 1.7:1 participated. The mean measured IOP was 16.77 ± 4.37 mmHg, and the mean CCT was 533.05 ± 33.92 μm. The mean corrected IOP was 17.61 ± 4.57 mmHg indicating a pattern of falsely low IOP. There was a positive, statistically significant correlation between IOP and CCT (P = 0.045). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between IOP and CCT with the resultant effect that thin corneas presented with falsely low IOP and thick corneas with falsely high IOP. Routine CCT measurement in addition to IOP measurement should be done on every patient.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128561005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 14-year-old girl, presented to our eye clinic, with poor distance vision since childhood. High myopia with degenerative retina was found. However, craniofacial disproportion and skeletal dysmorphism, as well as hearing impairment, drew clinical suspicion for a single multisystemic disorder prompting a literature review, which supported a clinical diagnosis of Marshall syndrome (MS). This case report and review of literature describes MS, worthy of note for its rarity, genetic basis and distinctive phenotypic features, but yet easily overlooked in routine clinical practice. This is the second case of MS reported in West Africa and the first in a Nigerian female. This extremely rare, systemic disorder may present unexpectedly, as a seemingly common condition as a refractive error and can be easily overlooked, without a high index of suspicion. Accurate diagnosis, however, is important because MS requires collaborative management by a multidisciplinary team and not the ophthalmologist alone, to ensure a good quality of life.
{"title":"Marshall syndrome in a Nigerian teenager presenting with refractive error","authors":"O. Ogun, O. Adediran, A. Ashaye, O. Nwaorgu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"A 14-year-old girl, presented to our eye clinic, with poor distance vision since childhood. High myopia with degenerative retina was found. However, craniofacial disproportion and skeletal dysmorphism, as well as hearing impairment, drew clinical suspicion for a single multisystemic disorder prompting a literature review, which supported a clinical diagnosis of Marshall syndrome (MS). This case report and review of literature describes MS, worthy of note for its rarity, genetic basis and distinctive phenotypic features, but yet easily overlooked in routine clinical practice. This is the second case of MS reported in West Africa and the first in a Nigerian female. This extremely rare, systemic disorder may present unexpectedly, as a seemingly common condition as a refractive error and can be easily overlooked, without a high index of suspicion. Accurate diagnosis, however, is important because MS requires collaborative management by a multidisciplinary team and not the ophthalmologist alone, to ensure a good quality of life.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133346957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives To determine patients’ perception of COVID-19 and their practice of disease prevention measures. Materials and Methods: Consenting, consecutive new adult patients at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Information sought included patients’ COVID-19 knowledge, its symptoms, transmission, preventive measures, compliance, and worries. Results: Of 81 participants, the mean age was 47.9 ± 17.6 years; 31 (38.3%) were males; 61 (75.3%) attained secondary or higher education. All participants knew about COVID-19; radio/television was the most common information source (88.9%). Although 85.2% participants knew that COVID-19 is a communicable disease, 86.4% knew of its viral etiology and 86.4% knew that it could be transmitted by close contact with persons/fomites. Common symptoms known to the participants were cough (82.7%), fever (61.7%), and breathlessness (55.6 %); the most common known preventive measures were wearing face mask in public (90.1%) and handwashing (82.7%). Although 44.4% knew that physical distancing was a preventive strategy, only 11.1% knew that the distance of separation should be at least one meter; 49.4% always wore face mask in public, 61.7% washed hands frequently, whereas only 4.9% maintained physical distancing; 44.4% worried that pandemic restrictions negatively affected their access to eye care and 29.6% feared contracting the disease in eye clinics. Conclusions: All study participants knew of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, knowledge of the disease, its transmission, and preventive measures was suboptimal; many patients do not adhere to the recommended preventive measures. Repetitive public health education is required to improve compliance with disease control measures and allay fears.
{"title":"Ophthalmic Patients’ Perceptive on Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic in Onitsha, Nigeria","authors":"S. Nwosu, A. Ezenwa, C. Uba-Obiano","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_31_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_31_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To determine patients’ perception of COVID-19 and their practice of disease prevention measures. Materials and Methods: Consenting, consecutive new adult patients at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Information sought included patients’ COVID-19 knowledge, its symptoms, transmission, preventive measures, compliance, and worries. Results: Of 81 participants, the mean age was 47.9 ± 17.6 years; 31 (38.3%) were males; 61 (75.3%) attained secondary or higher education. All participants knew about COVID-19; radio/television was the most common information source (88.9%). Although 85.2% participants knew that COVID-19 is a communicable disease, 86.4% knew of its viral etiology and 86.4% knew that it could be transmitted by close contact with persons/fomites. Common symptoms known to the participants were cough (82.7%), fever (61.7%), and breathlessness (55.6 %); the most common known preventive measures were wearing face mask in public (90.1%) and handwashing (82.7%). Although 44.4% knew that physical distancing was a preventive strategy, only 11.1% knew that the distance of separation should be at least one meter; 49.4% always wore face mask in public, 61.7% washed hands frequently, whereas only 4.9% maintained physical distancing; 44.4% worried that pandemic restrictions negatively affected their access to eye care and 29.6% feared contracting the disease in eye clinics. Conclusions: All study participants knew of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, knowledge of the disease, its transmission, and preventive measures was suboptimal; many patients do not adhere to the recommended preventive measures. Repetitive public health education is required to improve compliance with disease control measures and allay fears.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121390020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Uncorrected refractive errors have been identified as a major cause of visual impairment with a high magnitude in developing countries, due to the paucity of eye care workers. To overcome this, different approaches like screening by non-eye care workers and self-assessment have been explored. This study aims to determine the utilization, reliability, and factors affecting the utilization of vision corridors among secondary school students. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study conducted among students of Lasogba High School, Igbo-Ora, Southwest Nigeria. All the students received training on visual acuity assessment with the 6-meter Snellen’s chart. Thereafter, the chart with graphic instruction “Vision Corridor” was provided with a 4-week exposure period. All students who utilized the vision corridor recorded visual acuity in a register maintained by a community health extension worker. The utilization and factors that may have affected utilization were assessed after the exposure. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science version 15. Results: A total of 373 students completed the study; males accounted for 48.8% and females 51.2%. The mean age of the students was 15.2 (±2.2) years. A total of 151 (40.5%) students utilized the vision corridor and factors associated with utilization included being female, age ≤15 years, and being in a junior class, all of which were statistically significant. Conclusion: A moderate proportion of the students utilized the vision corridor. This approach to refractive error screening appears promising, as self-evaluation may reduce the need for skilled manpower in refractive error screening in secondary school students. Therefore, this may effectively utilize skilled eye care manpower for other eye care services in developing countries where there is a paucity of eye care workers.
{"title":"Utilization of Vision Corridor for Self-evaluation of Vision Among Secondary School Students in Igbo-Ora, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"M. Ugalahi, C. Bekibele, A. Ogundipe","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Uncorrected refractive errors have been identified as a major cause of visual impairment with a high magnitude in developing countries, due to the paucity of eye care workers. To overcome this, different approaches like screening by non-eye care workers and self-assessment have been explored. This study aims to determine the utilization, reliability, and factors affecting the utilization of vision corridors among secondary school students. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study conducted among students of Lasogba High School, Igbo-Ora, Southwest Nigeria. All the students received training on visual acuity assessment with the 6-meter Snellen’s chart. Thereafter, the chart with graphic instruction “Vision Corridor” was provided with a 4-week exposure period. All students who utilized the vision corridor recorded visual acuity in a register maintained by a community health extension worker. The utilization and factors that may have affected utilization were assessed after the exposure. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science version 15. Results: A total of 373 students completed the study; males accounted for 48.8% and females 51.2%. The mean age of the students was 15.2 (±2.2) years. A total of 151 (40.5%) students utilized the vision corridor and factors associated with utilization included being female, age ≤15 years, and being in a junior class, all of which were statistically significant. Conclusion: A moderate proportion of the students utilized the vision corridor. This approach to refractive error screening appears promising, as self-evaluation may reduce the need for skilled manpower in refractive error screening in secondary school students. Therefore, this may effectively utilize skilled eye care manpower for other eye care services in developing countries where there is a paucity of eye care workers.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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