N. Guirou, F. Sylla, Yakoura Abba Kaka, J. Théra, S. Bakayoko, A. Dougnon, S. Bamani, J. Traoré
X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is a hereditary macular dystrophy that is transmitted in the X-linked recessive mode. Clinical signs include a macular star with or without peripheral retinoschisis responsible for decreased visual acuity. This study dealt with a 12-year-old boy who came in for a consultation for progressive decline in visual acuity. His distance visual acuity without correction was scored at 5/100; the right eye (RE) improved to 10/100 after the correction of a myopic astigmatism; and the unimproved left eye was scored at 20/100. The eye fundus showed perimacular radial lines without increased separation for the right eye with some microcysts and a macular hole on the left. An examination of the retinal periphery of both the eyes found inferotemporal retinal splitting. The electrophysiological assessment showed a major dysfunction on the electroretinogram.
{"title":"X-linked juvenile retinoschisis: A case report","authors":"N. Guirou, F. Sylla, Yakoura Abba Kaka, J. Théra, S. Bakayoko, A. Dougnon, S. Bamani, J. Traoré","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_28_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_28_17","url":null,"abstract":"X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is a hereditary macular dystrophy that is transmitted in the X-linked recessive mode. Clinical signs include a macular star with or without peripheral retinoschisis responsible for decreased visual acuity. This study dealt with a 12-year-old boy who came in for a consultation for progressive decline in visual acuity. His distance visual acuity without correction was scored at 5/100; the right eye (RE) improved to 10/100 after the correction of a myopic astigmatism; and the unimproved left eye was scored at 20/100. The eye fundus showed perimacular radial lines without increased separation for the right eye with some microcysts and a macular hole on the left. An examination of the retinal periphery of both the eyes found inferotemporal retinal splitting. The electrophysiological assessment showed a major dysfunction on the electroretinogram.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123274820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fireworks are an important part of festivals in India, especially Diwali. The use of these fireworks often result in ocular trauma with a loss of vision. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of eye injuries from fireworks during the Diwali festival and the visual outcome at a tertiary eye hospital in south India. Materials and Methods: The cases of ocular trauma from fireworks over a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Information regarding patient’s age, gender, laterality, the type of firework, whether user or bystander, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation, the details of injuries, diagnosis, management, and BCVA at last follow-up visit were documented and analyzed using Epi Info 7.1.5.0 software. Results: A total of 114 eyes of 110 patients were analyzed. The study population comprised 89 (81%) males and 21 (19%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.2:1. The median age was 14.0 years, with 61 (56%) patients aged <18 years. One hundred (88%) eyes had closed globe injury (CGI), whereas 14 (12%) eyes had open globe injury (OGI). Thirty-five (35%) eyes with CGI and 8 (57%) eyes with OGI had a BCVA of <3/60 at presentation. This improved with management with only 12 (12%) eyes with CGI and two (14%) eyes with CGI and 2 (14%) eyes with OGI having a BCVA of <3/60 at the last follow-up visit. These differences in visual acuity were not statistically significant with P-values >0.5. Twenty-two (19%) eyes developed long-term complications such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and phthisis bulbi. Conclusion: Ocular trauma from fireworks commonly affects young boys and often results in serious, preventable, vision-threatening complications. The enforcement of existing legislation, health education, and public awareness are essential if the current trend in India is to be reversed.
背景:烟花是印度节日的重要组成部分，尤其是排灯节。使用这些烟火经常导致眼外伤和视力丧失。本研究的目的是在印度南部的一家三级眼科医院确定排灯节期间烟花造成的眼部损伤模式和视力结果。材料与方法:对近3年来发生的烟花眼外伤病例进行回顾性分析。使用Epi Info 7.1.5.0软件记录和分析患者的年龄、性别、侧边、烟花类型、使用者或旁观者、就诊时最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、损伤细节、诊断、处理和最后一次随访时BCVA等信息。结果:对110例患者114只眼进行了分析。研究人群中男性89例(81%)，女性21例(19%)，男女比例为4.2:1。中位年龄为14.0岁，61例(56%)患者年龄为0.5岁。22只眼(19%)出现青光眼、视网膜脱离、球疱炎等长期并发症。结论:烟花造成的眼部损伤常见于年轻男孩，常导致严重的、可预防的、威胁视力的并发症。如果要扭转印度目前的趋势，就必须执行现有立法、开展卫生教育和提高公众意识。
{"title":"Ocular trauma from fireworks during diwali festival","authors":"O. Adenuga, N. Kannan, A. Ahuja, K. Ramasamy","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_30_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_30_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fireworks are an important part of festivals in India, especially Diwali. The use of these fireworks often result in ocular trauma with a loss of vision. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of eye injuries from fireworks during the Diwali festival and the visual outcome at a tertiary eye hospital in south India. Materials and Methods: The cases of ocular trauma from fireworks over a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Information regarding patient’s age, gender, laterality, the type of firework, whether user or bystander, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation, the details of injuries, diagnosis, management, and BCVA at last follow-up visit were documented and analyzed using Epi Info 7.1.5.0 software. Results: A total of 114 eyes of 110 patients were analyzed. The study population comprised 89 (81%) males and 21 (19%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.2:1. The median age was 14.0 years, with 61 (56%) patients aged <18 years. One hundred (88%) eyes had closed globe injury (CGI), whereas 14 (12%) eyes had open globe injury (OGI). Thirty-five (35%) eyes with CGI and 8 (57%) eyes with OGI had a BCVA of <3/60 at presentation. This improved with management with only 12 (12%) eyes with CGI and two (14%) eyes with CGI and 2 (14%) eyes with OGI having a BCVA of <3/60 at the last follow-up visit. These differences in visual acuity were not statistically significant with P-values >0.5. Twenty-two (19%) eyes developed long-term complications such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and phthisis bulbi. Conclusion: Ocular trauma from fireworks commonly affects young boys and often results in serious, preventable, vision-threatening complications. The enforcement of existing legislation, health education, and public awareness are essential if the current trend in India is to be reversed.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To highlight the importance of measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) which is an indirect indicator of corneal endothelial dysfunction after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised control trial involving 101 patients who presented with cataract. Cataracts were graded using Lens Opacities Classification system grading. Fifty-one patients underwent small incision cataract surgery (SICS) and 50 underwent phacoemulsification (PHACO). Patients with any other ocular pathology were excluded. Results: There was significant improvement in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparable in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in central corneal thickness on day 7th and 30th post op. The change in the CCT and BCVA was comparable between SICS and PHACO on day 30th post op. Conclusion: The increase in CCT suggests that there was some endothelial cell loss leading to change in corneal thickness but not to the extent of causing visual impairment. SICS and phacoemulsification surgery are comparable in respect to visual rehabilitation. Manual SICS is still a safe and cost-effective option in the developing world. Proper case selection, diligent surgery, and adequate postoperative care are essential to maintain a clear cornea.
{"title":"Study of central corneal thickness (CCT) before and after small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) and phacoemulsification surgery","authors":"S. Deshpande, A. Agarwal, P. Shah, Yash Gala","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_30_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_30_16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To highlight the importance of measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) which is an indirect indicator of corneal endothelial dysfunction after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised control trial involving 101 patients who presented with cataract. Cataracts were graded using Lens Opacities Classification system grading. Fifty-one patients underwent small incision cataract surgery (SICS) and 50 underwent phacoemulsification (PHACO). Patients with any other ocular pathology were excluded. Results: There was significant improvement in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparable in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in central corneal thickness on day 7th and 30th post op. The change in the CCT and BCVA was comparable between SICS and PHACO on day 30th post op. Conclusion: The increase in CCT suggests that there was some endothelial cell loss leading to change in corneal thickness but not to the extent of causing visual impairment. SICS and phacoemulsification surgery are comparable in respect to visual rehabilitation. Manual SICS is still a safe and cost-effective option in the developing world. Proper case selection, diligent surgery, and adequate postoperative care are essential to maintain a clear cornea.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128212727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Aribaba, Oluwatobi O. Idowu, K. Musa, T. Abikoye, O. Onyekwelu, A. Onakoya, F. Akinsola
Background: External ocular photography (EOP) has become an essential tool in the day-to-day practice of ophthalmology as it entails the imaging of the external eye, ocular adnexa, face, and the anterior segment of the eye. The aim of this study was to assess the practice of EOP among ophthalmologists in Nigeria with a view to providing baseline information that will be useful in the advancement of ophthalmic practice. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey among practicing ophthalmologists in Nigeria. Information regarding reasons for external photography, type of camera, ownership of camera and barriers to external photography were obtained. The data obtained were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0 software for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 183 out of 355 ophthalmologists completed the survey (51.5% response rate), with a mean age of 43.9 ± 8.1 years. Of the respondents, 84.7% use EOP in their practice with 53.6% making use of smartphones. Indications for the use of EOP were documentation (71.0%), teaching purposes (54.2%), patient’s communication (47.1%), and surgical/treatment planning (45.8%). Among the users of EOP, 87.1% obtained consent and only 5% use written informed consent. There is an association between obtaining consent and younger years in practice (P = 0.005). Conclusion: The use of EOP is high among ophthalmologists in Nigeria and with its increasing popularity comes the need for ethical and medicolegal considerations, especially in oculoplastic practices. Most importantly, whenever the effective concealment of patient’s identity and privacy cannot be guaranteed during clinical photography, the use of oral consent may be inadequate.
背景:眼外摄影(EOP)已成为眼科日常实践中必不可少的工具，因为它需要对眼外、眼附件、面部和眼前段进行成像。本研究的目的是评估尼日利亚眼科医生的EOP实践，以期为眼科实践的进步提供有用的基线信息。材料和方法:在尼日利亚执业眼科医生的在线横断面调查。获得了关于外部摄影的原因、相机类型、相机所有权和外部摄影障碍的信息。使用IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for Windows软件(IBM Corp.， Armonk, NY, USA)对获得的数据进行分析。结果:355名眼科医生中，共有183人完成调查，有效率51.5%，平均年龄43.9±8.1岁。在受访者中，84.7%的人在实践中使用EOP, 53.6%的人使用智能手机。使用EOP的适应症为文献记录(71.0%)、教学目的(54.2%)、患者交流(47.1%)和手术/治疗计划(45.8%)。在EOP的使用者中，87.1%的人获得了知情同意书，只有5%的人使用了书面知情同意书。在获得同意和年轻的实践年龄之间存在关联(P = 0.005)。结论:EOP在尼日利亚眼科医生中的使用率很高，随着其日益普及，需要考虑伦理和医学方面的因素，特别是在眼科整形实践中。最重要的是，在临床摄影过程中，如果不能有效地隐瞒患者的身份和隐私，使用口头同意可能是不够的。
{"title":"Practice of external ocular photography among ophthalmologists in Nigeria, sub-saharan Africa","authors":"O. Aribaba, Oluwatobi O. Idowu, K. Musa, T. Abikoye, O. Onyekwelu, A. Onakoya, F. Akinsola","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_31_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_31_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: External ocular photography (EOP) has become an essential tool in the day-to-day practice of ophthalmology as it entails the imaging of the external eye, ocular adnexa, face, and the anterior segment of the eye. The aim of this study was to assess the practice of EOP among ophthalmologists in Nigeria with a view to providing baseline information that will be useful in the advancement of ophthalmic practice. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey among practicing ophthalmologists in Nigeria. Information regarding reasons for external photography, type of camera, ownership of camera and barriers to external photography were obtained. The data obtained were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0 software for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 183 out of 355 ophthalmologists completed the survey (51.5% response rate), with a mean age of 43.9 ± 8.1 years. Of the respondents, 84.7% use EOP in their practice with 53.6% making use of smartphones. Indications for the use of EOP were documentation (71.0%), teaching purposes (54.2%), patient’s communication (47.1%), and surgical/treatment planning (45.8%). Among the users of EOP, 87.1% obtained consent and only 5% use written informed consent. There is an association between obtaining consent and younger years in practice (P = 0.005). Conclusion: The use of EOP is high among ophthalmologists in Nigeria and with its increasing popularity comes the need for ethical and medicolegal considerations, especially in oculoplastic practices. Most importantly, whenever the effective concealment of patient’s identity and privacy cannot be guaranteed during clinical photography, the use of oral consent may be inadequate.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130115482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, renal dysfunction, learning difficulties, and hypogonadism. Retinal dystrophy in the form of rod-cone dystrophy is the most common diagnostic handle prompting investigation for BBS. We report a novel case of rod sparing or a cone-selective variant of retinopathy in BBS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case from India.
{"title":"Rod-sparing retinopathy – Unusual variant in bardet–Biedl syndrome","authors":"S. Murthy, Keerthi Gunda","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_26_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_26_17","url":null,"abstract":"Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, renal dysfunction, learning difficulties, and hypogonadism. Retinal dystrophy in the form of rod-cone dystrophy is the most common diagnostic handle prompting investigation for BBS. We report a novel case of rod sparing or a cone-selective variant of retinopathy in BBS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case from India.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131033651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ezisi, C. Ogbonnaya, O. Okoye, E. Ezeanosike, Helen A Ginger-Eke, O. Arinze
Purpose: To review updated knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of microbial keratitis (MK). Source of Data: International and local journals containing current literature on MK were sourced through the Internet. Study Selection: Findings consistent with our objectives were compiled and reviewed. Data Extraction: Data were extracted using endnotes. Results: MK is a sight-threatening ocular infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and protist pathogens. The pathogenesis comprises molecular mechanisms describing microbial activities which involve virulence and host factors responsible for ocular tissue damage and progression in keratitis. Clinical features include redness, pain, tearing, blurred vision, and inflammation, but symptoms vary depending on the causative agent. The primary treatment goal is the elimination of causative organism in addition to neutralization of virulence factors and healing of damaged host tissue. A timely review of our current understanding of MK with the recent advances in its treatment will ensure improved management outcomes. Conclusion: Optimal outcome from management of MK will require an updated knowledge of its pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment protocols, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where its prevalence is on the increase.
{"title":"Microbial keratitis—A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, ocular manifestations, and management","authors":"C. Ezisi, C. Ogbonnaya, O. Okoye, E. Ezeanosike, Helen A Ginger-Eke, O. Arinze","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_2_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_2_18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To review updated knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of microbial keratitis (MK). Source of Data: International and local journals containing current literature on MK were sourced through the Internet. Study Selection: Findings consistent with our objectives were compiled and reviewed. Data Extraction: Data were extracted using endnotes. Results: MK is a sight-threatening ocular infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and protist pathogens. The pathogenesis comprises molecular mechanisms describing microbial activities which involve virulence and host factors responsible for ocular tissue damage and progression in keratitis. Clinical features include redness, pain, tearing, blurred vision, and inflammation, but symptoms vary depending on the causative agent. The primary treatment goal is the elimination of causative organism in addition to neutralization of virulence factors and healing of damaged host tissue. A timely review of our current understanding of MK with the recent advances in its treatment will ensure improved management outcomes. Conclusion: Optimal outcome from management of MK will require an updated knowledge of its pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment protocols, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where its prevalence is on the increase.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117166629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe blistering mucocutaneous disorder, which affects the skin and at least two mucous membranes that very often includes the eyes. The ophthalmic complications, though considered the most devastating of all the complications of the disease in survivors, are often a time the last to be attended to, with consequent life-changing sequelae. Medical therapy has been the mainstay of ophthalmic care in our locality, and these have not been shown to improve the long-term outcome of the disease. Glass rod synechiolysis, previously practiced in some centers, has been largely abandoned. Appropriate proactive interventions such as lubrication, topical antibiotics, and steroids are advocated in the acute phase. Surgical management to remove the membranes and the use of improvised symblepharon rings prevent adhesions. Amniotic membrane grafting or mucous membrane grafting for lid margin keratinization and forniceal scarring if implemented will also take advantage of a window of opportunity to ameliorate the severity of the long-term sequelae requiring more specialized and expensive interventions for vision restoration. The critical role of the ophthalmologist in the management of patients with SJS for the prevention of corneal blindness, therefore, cannot be overemphasized.
{"title":"Current trends in the management of Stevens–Johnson syndrome: A call for a paradigm shift in ophthalmic care in Nigeria","authors":"Ezeanosike Edak, EzeanosikeObumneme Benaiah","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_11_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_11_17","url":null,"abstract":"Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe blistering mucocutaneous disorder, which affects the skin and at least two mucous membranes that very often includes the eyes. The ophthalmic complications, though considered the most devastating of all the complications of the disease in survivors, are often a time the last to be attended to, with consequent life-changing sequelae. Medical therapy has been the mainstay of ophthalmic care in our locality, and these have not been shown to improve the long-term outcome of the disease. Glass rod synechiolysis, previously practiced in some centers, has been largely abandoned. Appropriate proactive interventions such as lubrication, topical antibiotics, and steroids are advocated in the acute phase. Surgical management to remove the membranes and the use of improvised symblepharon rings prevent adhesions. Amniotic membrane grafting or mucous membrane grafting for lid margin keratinization and forniceal scarring if implemented will also take advantage of a window of opportunity to ameliorate the severity of the long-term sequelae requiring more specialized and expensive interventions for vision restoration. The critical role of the ophthalmologist in the management of patients with SJS for the prevention of corneal blindness, therefore, cannot be overemphasized.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132280325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ezeanosike Edak, Ezeanosike B. Obumneme, Raymond Odirichi
Cysticercosis describes human soft tissue infestation with the larval form of the pig tapeworm Taenia solium. It may affect the brain parenchyma, orbital or intraocular tissues, striated muscle, viscera, subcutaneous tissue, or skin. Clinical presentation depends on the location. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy presenting with painful proptosis and inferior globe displacement from myocysticercosis of the left superior rectus muscle. The radiological findings of a thick cyst capsule appearing as a well-defined hyperdense ring with a central hypodense core and a hyperdense focus within the core representing the scolex were classical of the disease. The patient responded well to oral antihelminthic and steroid therapy with no residual deficits. Cysticercosis is endemic in developing countries. The increased awareness of the different disease presentations will result in a high index of suspicion which is needed for early diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment.
{"title":"Orbital myocysticercosis in Abakaliki: A case report","authors":"Ezeanosike Edak, Ezeanosike B. Obumneme, Raymond Odirichi","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_35_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_35_17","url":null,"abstract":"Cysticercosis describes human soft tissue infestation with the larval form of the pig tapeworm Taenia solium. It may affect the brain parenchyma, orbital or intraocular tissues, striated muscle, viscera, subcutaneous tissue, or skin. Clinical presentation depends on the location. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy presenting with painful proptosis and inferior globe displacement from myocysticercosis of the left superior rectus muscle. The radiological findings of a thick cyst capsule appearing as a well-defined hyperdense ring with a central hypodense core and a hyperdense focus within the core representing the scolex were classical of the disease. The patient responded well to oral antihelminthic and steroid therapy with no residual deficits. Cysticercosis is endemic in developing countries. The increased awareness of the different disease presentations will result in a high index of suspicion which is needed for early diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ocular biometry is essential in many clinical and research applications; for example, axial length is essential in intraocular lens power calculation prior to cataract and refractive surgeries, making diagnosis of staphyloma, etc. Various factors affect their values. We intend to study the distribution of ocular biometrics among cataract patients in our environment. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. One hundred fifty-one patients with bilateral cataract scheduled for cataract surgery during the 1-year study period (July 2016–June 2017) were consecutively recruited for the study. Medical records including age and gender were collected. Ocular biometric data including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), cataractous lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) values were measured for both eyes before cataract operation for either eye, using an optical biometer (ophthalmic A/B ultrasound system: CAS-2000BER, England). All the metric data were observed by the same experienced ophthalmic technician to avoid interobserver error. Result: The mean AL was 23.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 23.33–23.64], mean ACD was 3.22 mm (95% CI, 3.12–3.30), mean LT was 4.23 mm (95% CI, 4.17–4.29), and the mean VCD was 16.06 mm (95% CI, 15.89–16.20). AL was longer among those ages less than 30 years, ACD was decreasing with increasing age, and the mean LT was higher for ages 30 years and above. The median ACD was decreasing with increasing age up to ≥50 years, whereas the median LT increased with increasing age. The male–female variation in mean AL and mean VCD were statistically significant (P < 0.001 by Mann–Whitney U test); however, the mean ACD and mean LT were not statistically significant (P = 0.110 and 0.496, respectively, by Mann–Whitney U test). The median AL was higher in males than females (24.00 vs 23.00), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 23.50 to 24.00 mm in males, and for females was 22.50 to 24.00 mm. The median ACD was a little higher in males than females (3.30 vs 3.10 mm), with IQR was 2.90 to 3.50 mm in males, and for females was 2.80 to 3.40 mm. Conclusion: Age and sex should always be considered in making inferences from biometric data in ophthalmic practice.
背景:眼生物测量在许多临床和研究应用中是必不可少的;例如，在白内障和屈光手术前计算人工晶状体度数、诊断葡萄肿等方面，轴长是必不可少的。各种因素影响着他们的价值观。我们打算在我们的环境中研究白内障患者眼部生物特征的分布。材料和方法:这是一项横断面观察性研究。在为期1年的研究期间(2016年7月- 2017年6月)，连续招募151例双侧白内障患者进行白内障手术。收集了包括年龄和性别在内的医疗记录。使用光学生物计(眼科A/B超声系统:CAS-2000BER，英国)测量双眼的眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、白内障晶状体厚度(LT)和玻璃体腔深度(VCD)值。所有测量数据均由同一名经验丰富的眼科技术人员观察，以避免观察者之间的误差。结果:平均AL为23.51[95%可信区间(CI)， 23.33-23.64]，平均ACD为3.22 mm (95% CI, 3.12-3.30)，平均LT为4.23 mm (95% CI, 4.17-4.29)，平均VCD为16.06 mm (95% CI, 15.89-16.20)。年龄小于30岁的AL较长，ACD随年龄增加而降低，30岁及以上的平均LT较高。≥50岁时，中位ACD随年龄增加而下降，而中位LT随年龄增加而增加。平均AL和平均VCD的男女差异有统计学意义(经Mann-Whitney U检验P < 0.001);但经Mann-Whitney U检验，平均ACD和平均LT差异无统计学意义(P分别为0.110和0.496)。男性的AL中位数高于女性(24.00 vs 23.00)，男性的四分位间距(IQR)为23.50 ~ 24.00 mm，女性为22.50 ~ 24.00 mm。男性的中位ACD略高于女性(3.30 vs 3.10 mm)，男性的IQR为2.90 ~ 3.50 mm，女性为2.80 ~ 3.40 mm。结论:在眼科实践中，根据生物特征数据进行推断时应考虑年龄和性别。
{"title":"The distribution of ocular biometrics among patients undergoing cataract surgery","authors":"E. Chinawa, E. Ezeh","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_7_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_7_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular biometry is essential in many clinical and research applications; for example, axial length is essential in intraocular lens power calculation prior to cataract and refractive surgeries, making diagnosis of staphyloma, etc. Various factors affect their values. We intend to study the distribution of ocular biometrics among cataract patients in our environment. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. One hundred fifty-one patients with bilateral cataract scheduled for cataract surgery during the 1-year study period (July 2016–June 2017) were consecutively recruited for the study. Medical records including age and gender were collected. Ocular biometric data including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), cataractous lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) values were measured for both eyes before cataract operation for either eye, using an optical biometer (ophthalmic A/B ultrasound system: CAS-2000BER, England). All the metric data were observed by the same experienced ophthalmic technician to avoid interobserver error. Result: The mean AL was 23.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 23.33–23.64], mean ACD was 3.22 mm (95% CI, 3.12–3.30), mean LT was 4.23 mm (95% CI, 4.17–4.29), and the mean VCD was 16.06 mm (95% CI, 15.89–16.20). AL was longer among those ages less than 30 years, ACD was decreasing with increasing age, and the mean LT was higher for ages 30 years and above. The median ACD was decreasing with increasing age up to ≥50 years, whereas the median LT increased with increasing age. The male–female variation in mean AL and mean VCD were statistically significant (P < 0.001 by Mann–Whitney U test); however, the mean ACD and mean LT were not statistically significant (P = 0.110 and 0.496, respectively, by Mann–Whitney U test). The median AL was higher in males than females (24.00 vs 23.00), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 23.50 to 24.00 mm in males, and for females was 22.50 to 24.00 mm. The median ACD was a little higher in males than females (3.30 vs 3.10 mm), with IQR was 2.90 to 3.50 mm in males, and for females was 2.80 to 3.40 mm. Conclusion: Age and sex should always be considered in making inferences from biometric data in ophthalmic practice.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126906708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ndife, S. Abdullahi, L. Raji, M. Umar, S. Olaniyi, M. Alhassan
Aims: To report the outcome of trabeculectomy with and without small incision cataract surgery (trab-SICS) in the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Study Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all eligible cases of trabeculectomy with and without SICS performed by a single surgeon. The case notes of the patients were reviewed; demographic data and clinical information were extracted. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 15 months after the surgery. Success was defined as IOP <21 mmHg which can be complete if no medication is used and qualified if medication is used. Statistical Analysis: Statistical significance difference was tested using paired Student’s t test and chi-square test. The P-value of 0.05 was considered significant for this study. Results: One hundred and twelve patients who had trabeculectomy as a single procedure and combined trab-SICS were studied. The mean age of the trabeculectomy group was 42.3 years, whereas that of trab-SICS was 61.7 years. Success (IOP <21 mmHg with and without medication) was achieved in 97.4 and 94.1% of the patients after trabeculectomy and trab-SICS, respectively. There was no significant difference in success rate between the two procedures within the study period. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with or without SICS is an effective surgical procedure for IOP control. We recommend the use of the two procedures in eligible patients.
{"title":"Long-term outcome of trabeculectomy with and without small incision cataract surgery at a tertiary eye hospital in Northern Nigeria","authors":"T. Ndife, S. Abdullahi, L. Raji, M. Umar, S. Olaniyi, M. Alhassan","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_21_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_21_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To report the outcome of trabeculectomy with and without small incision cataract surgery (trab-SICS) in the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Study Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all eligible cases of trabeculectomy with and without SICS performed by a single surgeon. The case notes of the patients were reviewed; demographic data and clinical information were extracted. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 15 months after the surgery. Success was defined as IOP <21 mmHg which can be complete if no medication is used and qualified if medication is used. Statistical Analysis: Statistical significance difference was tested using paired Student’s t test and chi-square test. The P-value of 0.05 was considered significant for this study. Results: One hundred and twelve patients who had trabeculectomy as a single procedure and combined trab-SICS were studied. The mean age of the trabeculectomy group was 42.3 years, whereas that of trab-SICS was 61.7 years. Success (IOP <21 mmHg with and without medication) was achieved in 97.4 and 94.1% of the patients after trabeculectomy and trab-SICS, respectively. There was no significant difference in success rate between the two procedures within the study period. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with or without SICS is an effective surgical procedure for IOP control. We recommend the use of the two procedures in eligible patients.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123751022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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